• 제목/요약/키워드: non-Horn

검색결과 54건 처리시간 0.027초

Open Pulled Straw(OPS) 방법에 의한 체외 배양 동결 수정란의 미경산돈 이식 (Gilt Transfer of Cultured Freezing Embryos by Open Pulled Straw(OPS) Methods)

  • 김인덕;석호봉
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.217-222
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    • 2008
  • In previous studies, we reported that sow which was transferred OPS-freezing embryos not able to deliver a piglet (Kim et al, 2004). This study was conducted to investigate a possibility of gilt as recipients which produce piglets after transfer of OPS-freezing embryos. All transferred embryos were prepared by in vitro production (IVP) system. In vitro culture (IVC) medium used glucose-free NCSU23 supplemented with 5mM sodium pyruvate, 0.5 mM sodium lactate and 4 mg/ml bovine serum albumin for 2 days at $39^{\circ}C$. From day 3 of IVC, 10% fetal bovine serum albumin was added to the culture medium. In preparing of freezing embryos, embryos were treated with 7.5 $\mu g/ml$ cytochalasin-B for 30 min and centrifuged at $13,000{\times}g$ for 13 min. And then, embryos were exposed sequentially to an ethylene glycol (EG) solution, aspirated into open pulled straw (OPS), and plunged or thawed into the liquid nitrogen. In embryo transfer (ET), we used two kinds of type (surgical method vs. non-surgical method). In surgical method of embryo transfer, $55\sim65$ embryo were transferred in both uterine horn of two recipient gilts by plastic straw. Non-surgical method which is like artificial insemination was performed on three gilts. Each 140 frozen embryos were transferred to two gilts and 40 fresh embryos to one gilt. Pregnancy establishment was shown one recipient at 45 days after ET. However, the one recipient was also aborted at 58 days after ET. These results suggest that gilts can be considered as a candidate of recipients for OPS-freezing embryo transfer.

가임신 흰쥐 자궁조직 분화에 미치는 난소 스테로이드 호르몬의 영향 (The Effect of the Ovarian Steroid Hormone on the Differenciation of the Pseudopregnanct Rat Uterus)

  • 김성례
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.155-161
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    • 1995
  • The present investigation has been undertaken to elucidate the differentiation mechanism the uterus which is the environment of the embryo development, by demonstrating the role of ovarian steroids hormone in the decidualization of the pseudopregnant rat uterus. To determine the effect of ovarine steroids and artificial stimulation (trauma) on the differenciation of the uterine endometrium and decidualization for implantation, attempt was made to measure concentrations of serum estradiol($E_2$), progesterone($P_4$) and nuclear $P_4$ receptor in the traumatized and non-traumatized uterine tissue of the pseudopregnant rat. The results obtained are as followings : The concentration of serum $E_2$ on day 9(implantation stage) was similar in both of intact pseudopregnant rat(47.63pg/ml) and normal pregnant rat(40.71pg/ml). And among the treated groups, $E_2$ concentration was highest in the $E_2$ treated group in comparision with intact control group(relative value; 73.27%). The concentration of serum $P_4$ was also highest in the $P_4$ treated group(23.12pg/ml). Relative value of $P_4$ treated group in comparision with intact group(24.88pg/ml) was 92.93%. The nuclear $P_4$ receptor levels in the artificial traumatized groups were higher compared with the non-traumatized control groups. This study, therefore, clearly demonstrates that the methods for inducing pseudopregnant (vagina tapping;120/min) and inducing decidualization(oil injection; 0.1ml/uterine horn) appear to be effective, $P_4$ appears to be effective in the differenciation of the uterine endometrial tissue for the implantation process. Concentration of serum $P_4$ seems to be well correlated with the level of the nuclear $P_4$ receptor during the early embryo development. These results seem to be well correlated with ALPase activities in the normal and pseudopregnant rat uterus shown in the previous study.

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회학적 렌더링에서 움직임을 따라 회전하는 붓질 기법 (Rotating Brush Strokes to Track Movement for Painterly Rendering)

  • 한정훈;기현우;김효원;오경수
    • 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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    • pp.426-432
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    • 2008
  • 회화는 2차원 평면 위에 색과 선을 사용하여 여러 가지 형상을 표현하는 조형예술이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 회화의 평면적 특성에 입각하여 3차원 물체들로 구성된 장면을 화가가 캔버스 위에 붓을 놀려 채색한 것과 같은 회화 스타일로 렌더링하는 방법을 소개하고, 카메라의 시점과 시선이 변화하는 동적인 장면에서 여전히 평면적 특성을 유지하면서 붓질의 방향이 처음에 지정된 방향을 유지하도록 변화하는 방법을 제안한다. 회화의 정의에 띠라 캔버스와 같은 2차원 평면 위에 붓으로 칠한듯한 효과를 연출하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 화면 공간 위에서 크기가 동일한 빌보드를 사용하여 붓질-붓을 한번 놀려 색을 칠하는 것-을 한다. 화면 전체에 붓질을 하여 장면을 렌더링 하여도 장면을 바라보는 카메라가 움직이면 처음의 붓질 방향을 유지하기 위하여 붓질의 방향 역시 변하여야 한다. 만일 붓질이 변하지 않고 동일한 방향을 유지한다면 마치 일정한 붓질 모양의 패턴이 있는 유리 뒤로 물체들이 움직이는 것 같은 시각적 오류가 있는 결과를 얻게 된다. 이것을 막기 위하여 본 논문에서는 장면 안에서 시점이나 시선의 방향이 바뀌는 애니메이션이 일어날 때 그에 맞춰 물체 위의 붓질이 함께 회전하는 방법을 제안한다. 붓질이 회전할 각도는 첫 프레임의 장면과 현재 프레임의 장면의 샘플 포인트들에 대하여 위치 차이를 비교하는, least-square solution을 사용하는 Horn의 2차원 유사성 검사를 수행하여 얻는다. 본 논문에서는 실험을 통해, 처음에 회화 스타일로 렌더링된 장면에서 실시간으로 카메라를 움직이며 붓질의 방향이 변화하는 모습을 관찰하였고, 처음에 지정된 방향을 유지하도록 회전하는 것을 확인하였다.

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Retrospective Evaluation of Risk Factors and Immunohistochemical Findings for Pre-Neoplastic and Neoplastic lesions of Upper Urinary Tract in Patients with Chronic Nephrolithiasis

  • Desai, Fanny Sharadkumar;Nongthombam, Jitendra;Singh, Lisam Shanjukumar
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권18호
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    • pp.8293-8298
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    • 2016
  • Background: Urinary stones are known predisposing factors for upper urinary tract carcinoma (UUTC) which are commonly detected at advanced stage with poor outcome because of rarity and lack of specific criteria for early detection. Aims and objectives: The main aim was to evaluate the impact of age, gender andstone characteristics on risk of developing UUTC in patients with chronic nephrolithiasis. We also discuss the role of aberrant angiogenesis (AA) and immunohistochemical expression of p53, p16INK4a, CK20 and Ki-67 in diagnosis of pelvicalyceal neoplastic (NL) and pre-neoplastic lesions (PNL) in these patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of pelvicalyceal urothelial lesions from 88 nephrectomy specimens were carried out in a tertiary care centre from June 2012 to December 2014. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 37 selected cases. Computed image analysis was performed to analyse aberrant angiogenesis. Results: All UUTC (5.7%) and metaplastic lesions were found to be associated with stones. Some 60% were pure squamous cell carcinoma and 40% were transitional cell carcinoma. Odd ratios for developing NL and PNL lesions in presence of renal stone, impacted stones, multiple and large stag horn stones were 9.39 (95% CI 1.15-76.39, p value 0.05), 6.28 (95% CI 1.59-24.85, p value 0.000) and 7.4 (95% CI, 2.29-23.94, p value 0.001) respectively. When patient age was ${\geq}55$, the odds ratio for developing NL was 3.43 (95% CI 1.19-9.88, p value 0.019). IHC analysis showed that mean Ki-67 indices were $3.15{\pm}3.63%$ for non-neoplastic lesions, $10.0{\pm}9.45%$ for PNL and $28.0{\pm}18.4%$ for NL. Sensitivity and specificity of CK20, p53, p16INK4a, AA were 76% and 95.9%; 100% and 27.5%; 100% and 26.5%; 92.3 % and 78.8% respectively. Conclusions: Age ${\geq}55years$, large stag horn stones, multiple stones and impacted stones are found to be associated with increased risk of NL and PNL in UUT. For flat lesions, a panel of markers, Ki 67 index >10 and presence of aberrant angiogenesis were more useful than individual markers.

한국 품종 대두(Glycine max L) 미숙배로부터 체세포배발생과 배지의 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid 농도가 체세포배의 형태에 미치는 영향 (Somatic Embryogenesis in Immature Zygotic Embryo Cultures of Korean Soybean (Glycine max L.) Culitivars and Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Somatic Embryo Morphology)

  • Pil S Choi;Yoong Y. SOH;Duck Y.Choi;ang R. LIU
    • 식물조직배양학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 1994
  • 국내 5가지 품종의 대두 미숙배로부터 발생되는 체세포배 형성빈도와 자엽변이에 대한 2,4-D 농도의 영향을 알아보였다. 여러가지 농도의 2,4-D가 첨가된 MS 기달배지에 각 품종의 미숙배를 6주동안 암소에서 배양한 결과 '울산콩', '금산콩', '뱀콩' 및 '반청두'의 경우 1-2 mg/L 2,4-D를 첨가한 배지에서, '아주까리'는 20 mg/L 2,4-D를 첨가한 배지에서 가장 높은 체세포배 형성빈도를 보였다. 또한 횡으로 반분한 체세포배를 0.1-1 mg/L 2,4-D가 첨가된 배지에서 배양하였을 때 최고 70%의 빈도로 이차배를 형성하였다. 미숙배(접합자배)에서 유도된 체세포배의 형태는 2,4-D 농도에 따라 다르게 나타났는데 즉, 0.2 mg/L 이하의 농도에서는 하나의 자엽을 갖는 배와 나팔형보다는 두개의 자엽을 갖는 정상적인 형태가, 0.5-4 mgh 농도에서는 정상적인 형태보다는 나팔형의 체세포배 형성빈도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 체세포배의 자엽형태에 따라 식물체 재생률을 조사하기 위하여 ME 기본배지와 0.1 mg/L IAA, 1 mg/L BA, 1mg/L Gh₃ 및 0.5% 활성탄을 각각 U 기본배지에 첨가하여 16시간 광주기하에서 4주동안 배양한 결과, 식물체 재생률은 일반적으로 두개의 자엽을 갖는 정상적인 배가 하나의 자엽을 갖는 배, 나팔형 및 구형기의 체세포배에 비하여 높았으며, 특히 1 mg/L GA3를 첨가한 배지에서 가장 높은 재생률(25%)을 보였다.

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Thermography와 유한요소분석법을 이용한 하악 제2유구치의 열확산도 평가 (EVALUATION OF THERMAL DIFFUSION IN LOWER End PRIMARY MOLAR WITH THERMOGRAPHY AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS)

  • 박희승;김용기;권순원;김종수
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.519-528
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    • 2002
  • 임상에서 설비의 노후나 고장 등으로 인해 고속 핸드피스의 물 분사에 의한 냉각이 종종 불완전하게 일어날 수 있다. 또한 성인에 비해 치료에 관한 공포가 심하여 비협조적인 소아환자의 경우에는 물의 분사나 고속 흡인기의 사용을 거부하거나 지극히 혐오하는 경우도 드물지 않다. 이처럼 냉각이 충분히 이뤄지지 않은 상황에서 시행되는 다양한 술식은 치수조직에 치명적인 손상을 가할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 임상 수복 술식을 시행하는 동안 각 치아표면에서 발생되는 열이 치수 내부로 전달되는 양상을 조사하기 위함이었다. 석고 블록에 식립된 90개의 하악 제2유구치를 대상으로 수종의 수복 술식을 시행하였고, 해당 치아표면에서 발생되는 열의 온도를 적외선 카메라와 thermography를 이용하여 측정하고, 이를 토대로 유한요소 분석을 통한 치질내 열전도에 관한 평가를 시행하였다. 본 연구에서 시행된 임상 술식의 주수 하 최고 표면 온도는 $30.8^{\circ}C{\sim}43.6^{\circ}C$, 비 주수 하에서는 $51.2^{\circ}C{\sim}103.4^{\circ}C$의 범위를 보였다. 술식 중에서는 치관 형성과정이 가장 높은 온도를, 아말감 제거 과정이 가장 낮은 표면온도를 보였다. 동일 술식 내에서의 주수와 비 주수 조건간에는 모든 술식이 유의한 차를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 유한요소 분석에서 나타난 치수각의 온도변화는 모든 비 주수 조건에서는 큰 폭으로 상승한 반면, 주수 하에서는 전반적으로 미약한 변화를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 고속 절삭기를 사용한 수복 과정에 주수에 의한 충분한 냉각이 치수 생활력의 유지를 위해서 필수적임을 시사해준다. 향후 보다 다양한 술식과 조건을 부여한 유사 분야의 연구가 추천된다.

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Accuracy and Safety of Bedside External Ventricular Drain Placement at Two Different Cranial Sites : Kocher's Point versus Forehead

  • Park, Young-Gil;Woo, Hyun-Jin;Kim, Il-Man;Park, Jae-Chan
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.317-321
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    • 2011
  • Objective : External ventricular drain (EVD) is commonly performed with a freehand technique using surface anatomical landmarks at two different cranial sites, Kocher's point and the forehead. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy and safety of these percutaneous ventriculostomies. Methods : A retrospectively review of medical records and head computed tomography scans were examined in 227 patients who underwent 250 freehand pass ventriculostomy catheter placements using two different methods at two institutions, between 2003 and 2009. Eighty-one patients underwent 101 ventriculostomies using Kocher's point (group 1), whereas 146 patients underwent 149 forehead ventriculostomies (group 2). Results : In group 1, the catheter tip was optimally placed in either the ipsilateral frontal horn or the third ventricle, through the foramen of Monro (grade 1) in 82 (81.1%) procedures, in the contralateral lateral ventricle (grade 2) in 4 (3.9%), and into eloquent structures or non-target cerebrospinal space (grade 3) in 15 (14.8%). Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) >1 mL developed in 5 (5.0%) procedures. Significantly higher incidences of optimal catheter placements were observed in group 2. ICH>1 mL developed in 11 (7.4 %) procedures in group 2, showing no significant difference between groups. In addition, the mean interval from the EVD to ventriculoperitoneal shunt was shorter in group 2 than in group 1, and the incidence of EVD-related infection was decreased in group 2. Conclusion : Accurate and safe ventriculostomies were achieved using both cranial sites, Kocher's point and the forehead. However, the forehead ventriculostomies provided more accurate ventricular punctures.

초기 임신돈에 있어서 자궁분비단백질의 전기영동상과 면역억제력에 관한 연구 (A Study on Electrophoretic Pattern and Immunosuppressive Activity of Uterine Secretory Protein in Early Pregnant Sows)

  • 김경순;정영채;김창근;한기영;김형태;윤종택;김종대;최선호
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.179-187
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    • 1989
  • The experiment was carried out to study the profile of uterine specific protein during early pregnancy in sows and to test it's immunosuppressive activity. Uterine protein samples were obtained by flushing the uterine horn on Day 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 of the estrous cycle and the pregnancy respectively and the protein concentration of each sample was determined. The change of uterine protein was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-PAGE. The immunosuppressive activity of uterine secretory protein was investigated according to the lymphocyte blastogenesis response to mitogen. The results of this experiment are summarized as follows ; 1. The uterine protein during estrous cycle and early pregnancy was relatively constant up to Day 9, but increased on Day 12. Maxium total protein values were found on Day 15. The concentration of serum proteins were about 82-95 mg during estrous cycle, but decreased to about 70-82 mg during early pregnancy. 2. The proteins components similar electrophoretic patterns(PAGE) that were no differences (band ; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, I) on Days 3, 6 and 9 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. But there were more 2 bands specifically on Day 12 of the pregnancy and on Day 15 of estrous cycle and showed more 4 bands on Day 15 of early pregnancy. They seemed to be acidoprotein and their average molecular weight were 38,000, 22,300 and 12,600. 3. When uterine protein were added 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, there was no immunosuppresive activity on Day 3 of estrous cycle and lymphocyte blastogenesis was slightly suppressed on Day 3 of pregnancy. The immunosuppressive activity on Day 9 of estrous cycle and pregnancy appeared in 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 150$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively the uterine protein on Day 12 and 15 showed immunosuppresive activity, which at the level of 150$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml during non-pregnancy and at the level of 100 to 125$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml during early pregnancy, respectively.

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Use of Dye Deposition in Cows' Excised Genital Tract to Evaluate Inseminators' and Refreshment Training to Refreshment Training to Improve Their Skill

  • Mohammed S.;Mohammad S. H.;Mohhammad A. R. S.;Khan A.H.M.S.I.
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2005
  • To find out the possible inefficiencies of artificial inseminators at rectovaginal insemination in cows, inseminators' skill were evaluated by controlling the semen thawing procedure adopted and by using the technique of dye deposition in the genital tract of slaughtered cows. This was followed by refreshment training for the inseminators. Thirty seven artificial insemination technicians regularly working in the government, cooperative and NGO (Non Government Organization) artificial insemination programmes at different places of Bangladesh were included in the study. Individual technicians were asked to thaw a semen straw and deposit dye in the genital tract of slaughtered cows following the procedures they would have adopted in their actual practices of insemination. The time and water temperature adopted by technicians were recorded and genital tract after sham artificial insemination was dissected to determine the site of dye deposition. Then, the inseminators took part in a three days intensive training program. The training program was ended up with the same tests for thawing frozen semen straw and dye deposition in the genital tract of slaughtered cows. At pre training evaluation, only $25\%\;and\;72\%\;(n=36)$ inseminators adopted co..ect thawing time and temperature, respectively. At post training evaluation, all inseminators thawed semen straws for proper time and temperature. At pretraining evaluation, $21(57\%),\;11 (30\%)\;and\;3(8\%)$ inseminators deposited dye at the body of uterus, in the vagina or in cervix, and into the horn of uterus, respectively. In $2(5\%)$ cases dye did not pass into the genital tract, instead back flowed through the space between the barrel of insemination gun and sheath. At post training evaluation, all inseminators successfully deposited dye in the body of uterus. Frequent evaluation of inseminators' skill and subsequent training would help improvement of the artificial insemination technicians' skill.

흰쥐 신경병증성 통증 모델에서 전침이 케모카인이 유도하는 척수 교세포 활성화 조절에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Electroacupuncture on the Regulation of Chemokine Induced Spinal Activation of Microglia in the Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain)

  • 비슈누몰라칼라 신드후리;이지은;박혜지;김소희;구성태
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.264-273
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    • 2019
  • Objectives : Microglia play a crucial role in electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia on neuropathic pain. The role of chemokines in producing analgesic effects of EA, however, is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of chemokines in producing analgesic effects of EA in the neuropathic pain model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups (anesthetized group (ANE), non-acupoint EA group (NAP), and ST36 - GB34 EA group (ACU)). Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of L5 spinal nerve. Mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity of hind paw was tested. Western blot tests and immunofluorescence assay for C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) levels and microglia activation were performed on spinal cord L5/6. EA was treated once daily from the 3rd day after surgery for 5 days. Results : EA treatments applied to ST36 and GB34 significantly reduced both mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity after two and three times of treatment, respectively. While CCL2 expression significantly increased in neuropathic rats, it was significantly reduced in the ACU. In addition, co-localization of CCL2 and activated microglia significantly decreased in the ACU compared to those of ANE and NAP in the spinal cord L5/L6 dorsal horn. Conclusions : The present results suggest that EA applied to ST36 and GB34 modulates the reduction of CCL2 release from the injured neurons and consequently decreases microglia activation in the spinal cord. Regulation of chemokine induced spinal activation of microglia plays a key role in analgesic effects of EA in the rat model of neuropathic pain.