• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1973

The biochemical characteristics of Astradix -P, isolated from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge as yeaststatic substance, were reported on a previous paper. And on this report, some relation to the nitrogen metabolism of yeast was studied. Inorganic or organic source of nitrogen easily uptaking yeast did not show any antagonistic action to the inhibitory action of Astradix -P on the yeast growth. Especially an organic nitrogen source, arginine, histidine and lysine, classified to basic amino acid, was reacted as an antagonistic substance to the sample. But, ornithine, a basic amino acid, did not show any antagonistic action to the sample. In the mixed media containing neutral and acidic amino acids as a nitrogen source, yeast growth was inhibited strongly. If the basic amino acid was added to the same mixed media, the yeast growth was not inhibited by Astradix-P therefore, the antagonistic action of basic amino acid to the Astradix-p was readily observed. The yeast static action of Astradix-P was partially related to the isoelectric point of amino acid as a nitrogen source. Yeast cells which propagated under the media containing growth inhibitor, Astradix -p, did not bring any remarkable denaturation of cell structure by electro-microscopic observation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2020

In rumen in vitro experiments, although nitrogen gas (N₂) flushing has been widely used, its effects on rumen fermentation characteristics are not clearly determined. The present study is the first to evaluate the effects of N₂ flushing on rumen fermentation characteristics in in vitro batch culture system by comparing with new applicable non-metabolizable gas: argon (Ar). The rumen fluid was taken from two Korean native heifers followed by incubation for 3, 9, 12, and 24 h with N₂ or Ar flushing. As a result, in all incubation time, N₂ flushing resulted in higher total gas production than Ar flushing (p < 0.01). Additionally, in N₂ flushing group, ammonia nitrogen was increased (p < 0.01). However, volatile fatty acids profiles and pH were not affected by the flushing gases (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that N₂ flushing can influence the rumen nitrogen metabolism via increased ammonia nitrogen concentration and Ar flushing can be used as a new alternative flushing gas.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.125.1-125
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1998

This study was designed to examine how dietary protein levels affect organ growth and protein metabolism in early and normally weaned rats. Early and normally weaned rats separated fro the dam on the 15th and 121st day postpartum, respectively. were fed diets containing three levels of protein : low(10%) , normal (20%),and high(40%) . On the 35th day, the weight and DNA, RNA and protein contents in brain , liver, and kidney were determined to ascertain organ and cellular growth. Furthermore, serum total protein , albumin , $\alpha$-amino N and creatine and urinary urea N, and creatinine were determined in order to ascertain protein metabolism and renal functions. Dietary protein levels were not observed to significantly affect total DNA content, which may represent an index of cell number in the liver, brain and kidney. Fresh weight and protein/DNA ratio, which may represent indices of cell size, significantly increased in proportion to dietary protein in the kidney. As for the early weaned rats , the liver cell size significantly decreased. Dietary protein levels and weaning periods did not affect serum total protein and albumin . However, serum urea-N significantly increased in proportion to dietary protein levels whereas serum $\alpha$-amino N was decreased by early weaning . Nitrogen retention was lower in early weaned rats fed low or high levels of protein than in normally weaned rats. The results demonstrate that low or high levels of dietary protein have less desirable effects on protein metabolism in prematurely weaned rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.918-925
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• 1996

The effect of structured water by dissolution of xenon was examined from the view point of the suppression of both browning and respiratory metabolism of broccoli. The structured water is formed duet to hydrophobic interaction when xenon gas dissolves into water. NMR measurements were carried out to determine proton spin-spin relaxation time, T2, for water. There was a difference in proton T2 between distilled water and structured water. This can be interpreted as the change of water structure. Fro the broccoli cut in half stored for 16 days at 279K, the section color did not change appreciably for the sample whose water was structured by dissolution of xenon whose initial partial pressure was 0.39MPa. In contrast to this, the browning of section surface was observed for the sample stored under the condition of nitrogen gas at the same partial pressure as xenon and for the sample stored under atmospheric condition . These results led to the conclusion that the suppression of b owning by oxidation was due to structured water but not to applied pressure. Adding to this, the water structured by xenon has resulted in suppression of respiratory metabolism of broccoli.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.660-669
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect and regulatory mechanism of resveratrol supplementation on the mitochondrial energy metabolism of rats with exercise-induced fatigue. MATERIALS/METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided randomly into a blank control group (C), resveratrol group (R), exercise group (E), and exercise and resveratrol group (ER), with 12 rats in each group. Group ER and group E performed 6-wk swimming training with 5% wt-bearing, 60 min each time, 6 days a wk. Group ER was given resveratrol 50 mg/kg by gavage one hour after exercise; group R was only given resveratrol 50 mg/kg by gavage; group C and group E were fed normally. The same volume of solvent was given by gavage every day. RESULTS: Resveratrol supplementation could reduce the plasma blood urea nitrogen content, creatine kinase activity, and malondialdehyde content in the skeletal muscle, increase the total superoxide dismutase activity in the skeletal muscle, and improve the fatigue state. Resveratrol supplementation could improve the activities of Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase in the skeletal muscle. Furthermore, resveratrol supplementation could up-regulate the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-nuclear respiratory factor 1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol supplementation could promote mitochondrial biosynthesis via the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, increase the activity of the mitochondrial energy metabolism-related enzymes, improve the antioxidant capacity of the body, and promote recovery from exercise-induced fatigue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1973

Some effects of dietary conditions on the metabolism of nucleic acid and protein in organs of the Albino Rats have been studied. The young rats to be examined were fed on the control diet and the diets deprived of one component among protein, carbohydrate, and lipid, such as protein free diet (PF: 432 kcal/100g) carbohydrate free diet (CF: 432kcal/100g), and lipid free diet (LF: 392kcal/100g) for three, seven, and fifteen days, respectively. The contents of DNA and RNA in the liver and the brain, and also those of protein-nitrogen(PN) and nonprotein-nitrogen (NPN) in the live, the brain, and the serum have been measured. The results are as followe: 1. The contents of DNA per gram of liver were increased by feeding on protein free diet. It is concluded that the critical factor for the result is not the increase in the rates of DNA syntheses, but the decrease in the turnover rates of DNA. 2. The metabolism of DNA in the liver showed the normal status by feeding on carbohydrate free diet. On the other hand, the rates of DNA syntheses were increased by feeding on lipid free diet. 3. The rates of DNA syntheses in the brain were decreased by feeding on the unbalanced diet, such as protein free, carbohydrete free, and lipid free diet. 4. In the liver and the brain, the rates of DNA syntheses were decreased by feeding on protein free diet. But the rates showed the normal status by feeding on the carbohydrate free diet, and also showed the similar metabolism to that in the case of the control group by feeding on lipid free diet. 5. In the liver, the rates of protein syntheses were decreased, whereas the contents of nonprotein-nitrogen were increased by feeding on protein free diet. 6. In the liver and the brain, the protein syntheses showed the more increasing rates than the rates in the case of the control diet by feeding on lipid free diet. 7. In the serum, the contents of protein did not change in a short period, also the insufficient feeling on protein was examined. It is clear that in the liver the rates of protein syntheses are decreased and the rates of protein catabolism are increased, since the rates of nucleic acid syntheses are decreased by feeding on the protein free diet. On the other hand, it is considered that in the brain the turnover rates of protein does not have correlation with the rates of nucleic acid syntheses, also these are decreased by feeding on protein free diet. And also it is believed that the phenomena of homeostasis for carrying the normal metabolism of nucleic acid and protein in the liver and the brain are operated in a short period as possible, by feeding on carbohydrate free and lipid free diets.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

Poly-${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and enzymes related PHB metabolism have been measured in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of chickpea and cowpea plants. Bacteroids from chickpea and cowpea contained PHB to 0.8% and 43% of their dry weight, respectively, whereas the free-living cells CC 1192 and I 16 produced $285{\pm}55mg$ and $157{\pm}18mg$ of PHB g (dry weight)$^{-1}$. To further understand why chickpea bacteroids contained little PHB, the enzyme activities of PHB metabolism (3-ketothiolase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, PHB depolymerase, and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase), the TCA cycle (malate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase), and related reactions (malic enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and glutamate:2-oxoglutarate transaminase) were compared in extracts from chickpea and cowpea bacteroids and the respective free-living bacteria. Significant differences were observed between chickpea and cowpea bacteroids and between the bacteroid and free-living forms of CC 1192, with respect to the capacity for some of these reactions. It is indicated that a greater potential for oxidizing malate to oxaloacetate in chickpea bacteroids could be a factor that favors the utilization of acetyl-CoA in TCA cycle rather than for PHB synthesis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 1983

The effect of alteration of light-darkness cycle on the protein metabolism was studied in the rat. The light-darkness cycle was altered either every 3 or 9 days, and animals consumed diets containing 8 or 25% casein. The results were summarized as follows : 1) Food consumptions and body weight gains of the 25% casein groups were higher than those of the 8% casein groups, and, among the animals consumed 25% casein diet, the light-darkness cycle altered group had lower food consumption and body weight gain than the unaltered group. 2) Weights of liver and adrenal gland per l00g body weight were not different with the dietary protein levels, but, at the end of experimental period, the 8% casein diet group of which light-darkness cycle altered every 9 days had the smallest liver weight and the largest adrenal gland weight. 3) Liver nitrogen and plasma protein concentrations of the 25% casein groups were slightly higher than those of the 8% casein groups. 4) Percentages of nitrogen retention of the 25% casein groups at period III were slightly lower in the light-darknerr cycle altered animals than that of the unaltered group.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1964

한국산 도롱뇽 (Hynobius leechi BOULENGER) 발생배의 질소화합물의 대사를 연구하고져 발생단계에 따른 단백질구성(아미노) 산의 촉진(아미노) 산의 정성적 분석과 질소 배설물(ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatine and/or creatinine, total nitrogen)의 정량분석을 미수정란, 란할배, 포배, 양배, 신경배 및 부화직전의 배에 대하여 행하였다. 1. 발생단계에 따른 발생배내 단백질구성 (아미노산)은 전 단계를 통하여 일양하게 18종씩 검출되어TRh 유리 (아미노산) 은 17 내지 23 종 검출되었으며, 전체적으로 유리(아미노산) 분포상에 큰 변화가 없었다. 2. 발생단계에 따른 질소배설물 분석의 결과는 다음과같다. Ammonia 와 urea 의 배내 함량은 미수정란에서부터 양배까지 점차 감소하여 양배 이후 부화직전배까지 급격히 증가한다. Uric acid의 함량은 전 단계를 통해 미소하였으며 creating and/or creatininie 은 본 실험에서는 검출되지 않았다. 3. 발생단계에 따른 발생배내 ammonia 함량에 대한 sodium azide의 영향은 농도에 따라 이원적인 특이성을 가지고 있었다.