• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.627-627
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• 2009

In this work, the activated carbons (ACs) with high porosity were synthesized from pitch by KOH chemical activation. The structure and surface properties of ACs were characterized by means of elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). And, the influence of the KOH-to-pitch ratio on the porosity of the ACs was investigated using the nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, pitch could be successfully converted into ACs with well-developed micro and mesopores. The specific surface areas and pore volumes were increased with an increase of the KOH-to-pitch ratio. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of KOH led to the transformation of the micropores to the meso- and macropores. In the application to electric double layer capacitors (EDLC), the pitch-based ACs showed a higher capacitance per weight and per volume, and an excellent electrochemical stability in the high voltage region.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.477-482
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• 2007

본 논문은 램프의 벌브 형태 개선과 알루미늄 코팅에 의한 리플렉터 글로브의 적용으로 광을 집적하여 증가시키고, 레늄 필라멘트의 적용에 따른 장 수명과 크립톤 가스와 질소가스의 최적 주입 비율을 통한 60[W]급 Basking Neodymium Lamp 개발에 관한 것으로 이를 측광, 분석하였다. 개발결과 수명은 7,200시간, 광속은 620[1m]이며 색온도와 연색성 또한 우수한 것으로 나타나 농업용과 일반용 램프로써의 그 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.352-360
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• 2002

자운영재배 논의 경운시기에 따른 질소시비량 절감 및 토양개선효과를 구명하기 위하여 자운영을 개화성기, 개화종기 및 결실기에 경운하고 기계이앙재배시 질소수준이 벼의 생육, 수량 및 토양의 이화학적특성에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 자운영 경운시기의 생초중은 각각 ha 당 22,500, 20,000, 12,500 kg이였고 건물중에 있어서 전질소함량은 2.95, 2.66, 2.47%이였으며 탄질율은 15.7, 18.0, 19.2이였다. 자운영 재배 및 시용후 토양중 전질소, 유기물함량은 높아지고 유효인산함량은 낮아져 화학성이 개량되었으며 용적밀도, 고상율은 낮아지고 공극율이 증대되어 물리성이 개선되었다. 경운 시기별 토양 중 $NH_4-N$ 함량은 개화성기 > 개화종기 > 결실기 순으로 분얼기에 가장 높았고 질소수준이 높을수록 많았으며 관행에 비하여 생육후기까지 높게 발현되었다. 자운영 후작벼 재배시 성숙기 수수 확보가 많아 유효경비율이 높고 수도체중 전질소함량은 질소수준이 높을수록 많아져 관행에 비하여 엽색수치가 높았다. 질소흡수량은 개화성기 > 개화종기 > 결실기 순으로, 질소수준이 높을수록 많았고 질소이용률은 $33kg\;ha^{-1}$ (70% 절감)시 높았다. 자운영을 개화성기 및 개화종기에 경운시 $m^2$당영화수 확보가 많았으며 개화종기 및 결실기 경운시 등숙비율이 높아졌다. 쌀 수량은 개화성기 및 개화종기 경운시 5,770, $5,580kg\;ha^{-1}$로 질소수준 $55kg\;ha^{-1}$(50%절감)에서 관행에 비하여 각각 9%, 8% 증수되었고 결실기 경운시 $5,120kg\;ha^{-1}$로 질소수준 $77kg\;ha^{-1}$(30% 절감)에서 1% 증수되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed application of earthworm cast and N-fertilizer on dry matter(DM) yield in orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerate L.). Experimental plot were designed by a randomized block design with 3 replications of six different treatments-Control(0:0), 100% earthworm cast(0:100), 3 levels of mixed application(25:75:, 50:50, 75:25) of earthworm cast and N-fertilizer, and 100% N-fertilizer(100:0)based on content (%) of nitrogen. The experiment was carried out from March to October, 1993, on the forage experimental field of Kon-Kuk Univ. in Seoul. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Annual dry matter yield was significantly increased according to increasing of N-fertilizer 2. Dry matter yield for each treatment as cutting time was passing was decreased. However, dry matter yield was slightly increased at 75%, 50%, and 25% mixed application of earthworm cast at the third cutting time than the second cutting time(p<0.05). 3. concerning each treatment per cutting time, dry matter yield was higher at 100% N fertilizer than the other treatments at the first, second, and fourth cutting time except the third cutting time only(p<0.05). And according to decreasing of mixing ratio of N fertilizer, dry matter yield was decreased, too. 4. Dry matter yield of 100% earthworm cast was significantly higher than control at the fourth cutting time(p<0.05).

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 1981

수도체의 영업조건(營業條件) 특히 생육시기별(生育時期別) 규산(珪酸)의 공급조건(供給條件)과 도열병 발병(發病)과의 실계를 밝히고자 밀양(密陽)23호와 낙동(洛東)벼 (밀양(密陽)15호)를 공시(供試)하여 질소수준(窒素水準)을 달리하고 생육시기별(生育時期別) 규산(珪酸)의 공급조건(供給條件)을 달리하여 수경시험(水耕試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하연 다음과 같다. 1. 규산(珪酸) 시용(施用)으로 도열병 이병률(罹病率)은 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)하였으며 이는 주(主)로 수도분중 규산함량(珪酸含量)의 증가와 질소(窒素) 함량(含量)의 감소(減少)에 기인(起因)되었다. 2. 유수형성기(幼穗形成期) 이후(以後)의 규산(珪酸) 시용(施用)으로 목도열병 이병수률(罹病穗率)은 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)하여 규산(珪酸) 추비효과(追肥效果)의 가능성(可能性)을 보였다. 3. 규산(珪酸)의 도열병 억제효과(抑制效果)는 잎도열병보다 목도열병에서 뚜렷했다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2005

This trial was carried out to determine effects of organic feeds in comparison to conventional diet on feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Korean native goats. Twelve Korean native goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats and then they were housed in separate metabolism cages for 21 days. Treatments included conventional diet (A) as a control group and three organic feed groups (B: organic rice straw, C: organic nee leaves, D: organic mixture of rice straw and tree leaves). The A treatment, conventional diet, consisted of common rice straw and commercial concentrates at a proportion of 60 and 40%, respectively. All ingredients of organic feeds treatments were organically produced-agricultural products without any application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide. Four experimental diets were formulated to have the same ratio of forage to concentrate and similar contents for protein and carbohydrate across treatments and they were offered to goats ad libitum. Feed intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were investigated. For chemical compositions of experimental diets, all nutrients except crude ash and ether extract were not significantly different across treatments as we expected. Crude ash content was highest in the A treatment (P<0.05), however, it was not significantly different among organic feeds treatments. Ether extract content was higher (P<0.05) in C and D treatments than in A and B. Even if dry matter intakes for organic feeds treatments were not significantly different among them, they were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with conventional diet. Fecal excreta were not significantly different across treatments, resulting in significantly higher digestible dry matter (g/day) in treatments of organic feeds (P<0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were more increased (P<0.01) in treatments of organic feeds compared with conventional diet. Digestibilities for most of nutrients except NFC had the same trend as ADG and FE, however, NFC digestibilities for C and D treatments were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those of A and B. Nitrogen intakes for organic feeds treatments were significantly higher (P<0.001) than conventional diet, with no difference among organic feeds treatments. Fecal nitrogen loss was higher (P<0.05) for C and D treatments than for A and B. Retained nitrogen contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) for organic feeds treatments than for conventional diet, but nitrogen retention rate did not show any difference across treatments. The results showed that organic feed supplementation more improved feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in comparison with conventional diet, and thus they could be concluded that organic feeds might contribute to animal performance and a safer production of animal product.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.712-719
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• 2016

Understanding N mineralization dynamics in soil is essential for efficient nutrient management. An anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to examine N mineralization potential and N mineralization rate of the organic amendments with different C:N ratio in paddy soil. Inorganic N in the soil sample was measured periodically under three temperature conditions ($20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$) for 90 days. N mineralization was accelerated as the temperature rises by approximately $10%^{\circ}C^{-1}$ in average. Negative correlation ($R^2=0.707$) was observed between soil inorganic N and C:N ratio, while total organic carbon extract ($R^2=0.947$) and microbial biomass C ($R^2=0.824$) in the soil were positively related to C:N ratio. Single exponential model was applied for quantitative evaluation of N mineralization process. Model parameter for N mineralization rate, k, increased in proportion to temperature. N mineralization potential, $N_p$, was very different depending on C:N ratio of organic input. $N_p$ value decreased as C:N ratio increased, ranged from $74.3mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a low C:N ratio (12.0 in hairy vetch) to $15.1mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a high C:N ratio (78.2 in rice straw). This result indicated that the amount of inorganic N available for crop uptake can be predicted by temperature and C:N ratio of organic amendment. Consequently, it is suggested that the amount of organic fertilizer application in paddy soil would be determined based on temperature observations and C:N ratio, which represent the decomposition characteristics of organic amendments.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권spc호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

일품벼에서 많이 발생되고 있는 분상질미를 경감시켜 외관상 품위 및 도정수율을 향상시키고, 쌀의 단백질 함량을 줄여 품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 재배방법을 개발코자 질소 분시비율을 조정하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 최고 분얼기의 경수는 기비와 분얼비의 영향을 많이 받았으며 엽면적지수 또한 같은 경향을 보였으나, 출수기의 경수 및 엽면적 지수 등은 수비의 영향을 많이 받았다. 2. 수량 및 수량구성요소는 대체로 수비의 영향을 많이 받아 수장, 영화수, 백미 수량 등은 수비 시비량의 증감과 일치하는 경향이었다. 3. 쌀의 이화학적 특징은 단백질 함량이 수비 시비량이 많을수록 높아졌고, 특히 분상질미, 피해립이 차지하는 비율이 현저히 높아져 완전미율은 낮아지는 경향이었다. 4. 따라서 쌀의 외관상 품위 및 도정 특성은 총질소 시비량이 동일할 경우 수비의 시비량을 50% 감비하여 시용한 구에서 향상되었으며, 완전미 수량도 높았다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권spc호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

본 연구는 부영양상태의 신구저수지에서 강우기 전 후의 수질 변화와 강우기 유입수의 영향을 평가하기 위해 이루어졌다. 강우기 전에는 수심에 따른 수온차가 $1^{\circ}C$이하였지만 강우기 후에는 $4^{\circ}C$차 이상까지 벌어져 수온 약층이 뚜렷하게 형성되었다. 탁도는 강우기 전보다 강우기 후에 표층에서 12NTU, 저층 120NTU로 크게 증가하였다. POC의 농도는 강우기 전의 조사에서 수심에 따라서 $4.96{\sim}6.68mg\;L^{-1}$의 범위를 나타내고 강우기 후의 조사에서는 $1.73{\sim}5.32mg\;L^{-1}$의 범위를 나타내고 있어 전체적으로 강우기 전보다 강우기 후의 POC의 농도가 낮았으나 수심에 따라서 크게 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 또한, DOC의 농도는 강우기 전의 조사에서 $3.82{\sim}3.96mg\;L^{-1}$의 범위를 나타내고 있고, 강우기 후의 조사에서 $2.18{\sim}2.57mg\;L^{-1}$의 범위를 나타내고 있어 전체적으로 강우기 전보다 강우기 후의 DOC농도는 감소하고 있다. 또한 강우기 후 저층의 높은 탁도층에서 강우기 전보다 입자성유기물의 C/N비가 크게 증가하였고 입자성 유기물의 ${\delta}^{13}C$와 ${\delta}^{15}C$값이 뚜렷하게 가벼운 값을 보이는 것으로 볼 때 저수지 주변 유역에서 유입된 유기물의 영향을 크게 받았다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구 결과로 볼 때 농업용 저수지인 신구저수지는 하계 강우기시 유입하천을 통해 외부로부터 유입된 육상식물 유기물이 저층에 부유된 상태로 존재하며 이는 저수지 내 저층 수생태계의 에너지 흐름에 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.