• Title/Summary/Keyword: nitrogen and carbon source

Search Result 775, Processing Time 0.034 seconds

The Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal of MUNR Process Using Sludge Carbon Source (초음파처리 슬러지 탄소원을 첨가한 침지헝 분리막공법의 질소, 인 처리에 관한 연구)

  • 김영규;황성희
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
    • /
    • v.28 no.5
    • /
    • pp.1-3
    • /
    • 2002
  • This study was to evaluate on the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater at MUNR process using sludge carbon source for environmental micro-organism. The removal efficiencies of total suspended solid were 85.9~91%, total nitrogen were 38.6~87.2% and total phosphorus were 30.8~39.0%, respectively. It was shown that removal efficiency of nitrogen was effectively influenced by sludge carbon source treated with ultrasonication. The removal efficiency of total phosphorus was low because the sludge was not wasted during this treatment.

The Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal of UNR Process Using Sludge Carbon Source (슬러지 탄소원을 주입한 UNR공정의 동절기 질소, 인 처리효율)

  • Kim Young Gyu;Kim In Bae
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
    • /
    • v.28 no.1
    • /
    • pp.93-97
    • /
    • 2002
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate on the removal effect of total nitrogen and phosphorus with municipal wastewater in ultrasonic nutrient removal (UNR) process using ultrasonic sludge carbon source. The removal efficiency for total nitrogen was 44.2% at biological nutrient removal (BNR) process, 50.8% at UNR process. The removal efficiency for total phosphorus was 45.6% at BNR process, 46.2% at UNR process. The removal of nitrogen was effectively influenced by ultrasonic sludge carbon source.

Nitrogen Removal from Wastewaters by Microalgae Without Consuming Organic Carbon Sources

  • Lee, Kwang-Yong;Lee, Choul-Gyun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.12 no.6
    • /
    • pp.979-985
    • /
    • 2002
  • The possibility of microalgal nitrogen treatment was tested in wastewaters with a low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Chlorella kessleri was cultured in the two different artificial wastewaters with nitrate as a nitrogen source: one contained glucose for an organic carbon source and the other without organic carbon sources. The growth rates of the two cultures were almost identical when the aeration rate was over 1 vvm. These results suggest that microalgae could successfully remove nitrogen from wastewater, as far as the mass transfer of $CO_2$, was not limited. Nitrate was successfully reduced to below 2 mg $NO_3^-$-N/ml from the initial nitrate concentration of 140 mg $NO_3^-$-N/ml in 10 days, even in the wastewater with no organic carbon source. Similar results were obtained when ammonium was used as the sole nitrogen source instead of nitrate. Higher concentrations of nitrogen of 140, 280, 560 and 1,400 mg/ml were also tested and similar amounts of nitrogen were removed by algal cultures without showing any substrate inhibition.

Effects of Nutrient Composition on Yield and Quality of Mushroom in Lentinula edodes Cultivation Using Softwood Sawdust

  • Jung, Ji-Young;Hong, Seong-Cheol;Rinker, Danny Lee;Choi, Myung-Suk;Lee, Byung-Hyun;Yang, Jae-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.38 no.2
    • /
    • pp.124-134
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of using softwood as the sawdust medium for Lentinula edodes cultivation, effect of nutrient on the mycelial growth, spawning, the mushroom yield, and quality. The nitrogen nutrition significantly enhanced the mycelial growth of L. edodes. The glutamic acid in the L. leptolepis and P. koraiensis, and asparagine in the P. densiflora were appeared to slight increase in the mycelial growth. The vegetable oil showed very effective on the mycelial growth in the P. koraiensis sawdust medium. Carbon/nitrogen ratio of all the test was reduced after mycelial growth. The mycelial growth was exclusively dependent on reduction of carbon. The mushroom yield (32.7%) of the P. densiflora sawdust medium (carbon source: 3% active carbon, nitrogen source: 0.4% asparagines) was the best in mushroom production of L. edodes, followed by the Q. variabilis sawdust (35.4%) of the control medium. The diameter of mushroom cap was obtained from the P. densiflora sawdust (carbon source: 3% sucrose, nitrogen source: 0.4% potassium nitrate) and P. koraiensis sawdust (carbon source: 3% sucrose, nitrogen source: 0.4% potassium nitrate), and the P. koraiensis sawdust (carbon source: 3% xylose, nitrogen source: 0.4% glutamic acid, supplement: 0.05% amino acid), with values 71.5 mm, 71.5 mm and 72.1 mm, respectively. In the polypropylene bag cultivation, the weight losses of the block medium gradually increased for 80 days in the dark (13.8~16.8%) and then became stable in the range of 20.7~25.8%.

Growth Rate and Yield of a Methanotrophic Bacterium Methylosinus Trichosporium OB3b : I. Experimental Measurements (메탄자화균 Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b의 성장 속도와 수율 : I. 실험적 고찰)

  • 황재웅;송효학;박성훈
    • KSBB Journal
    • /
    • v.13 no.4
    • /
    • pp.391-398
    • /
    • 1998
  • The effect of culture medium copper availability on the specific growth rate(${\mu}$) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) was sutided for an obligatory methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b under various combinations of carbon and nitrogen sources. Methane or methanol was used as a carbon source, and nitrate or ammonium was used as a nitrogen source. Medium copper availability determined the intracellular location or kind of methane monooxygenase (MMO), cell-membrane (particulate or pMMO) when copper was present and cytoplasm (soluble or sMMO) when copper was deficient. When methane was used as a carbon source, copper-containing medium exhibited higher ${\mu}$ and CCE than copper-free medium regardless of the kind of nitrogen source. When methanol was used as a carbon source, however, the effect of copper disappeared. Ammonium gave the higher ${\mu}$ and CCE than nitrate for both methane and methanol. Those observation suggest that there exist an important difference in energy utilization efficiency for methane assimilation between sMMO and pMMO.

  • PDF

Nitrogen removal from wastewaters without carbon sources using microalgae

  • Lee, Kwang-Yong;Lee, Choul-Gyun
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2000.11a
    • /
    • pp.553-556
    • /
    • 2000
  • Possibility of biological nitrogen treatment was tested in wastewaters with low C/N ratio. Chlorella kessleri was inoculated at $10^6\;cell/mL$ of initial density in two different artificial wastewaters: one that contained glucose for organic carbon source and the other without carbon source. Nitrate could be successfully reduced below 10 mg $NO_3/mL$ from initial nitrate concentration of 560 mg $NO_3/mL$ in 10 days even in the wastewater without carbon source, This 98% removal of nitrate without extra organic carbon source lights up the future of biological wastewater treatment, where the insufficient ability of nitrogen removal is a major problem.

  • PDF

Automatic Addition Control of the External Carbon Source by the Measurement of ORP in Biological Nitrogen Removal Process (생물학적 질소 제거공정에서 ORP 측정을 통한 외부탄소원의 자동 주입 제어)

  • Shin, Choon-Hwan
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.21 no.3
    • /
    • pp.383-390
    • /
    • 2012
  • For the cost-effective biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process whose characteristics of influent have low COD/N ratios, the automatic control system for the addition of external carbon based on oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) data in an anoxic reactor has been developed. In this study, it was carried out with a pilot-scale Bardenpho process which was consisted of anoxic 1, aerobic 1, aerobic 2, anoxic 2, aerobic 3 tank and clarifier. Firstly, the correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of the dosage of external carbon source and ORP value was about 0.97. Consequently, the automatic control system using ORP showed that the dosage of external carbon source was decreased by about 20% compared with a stable dosage of 75 mg/L based on the COD/N ratio of the anoxic influent.

The Kinetics of Protease Production by Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis에 의한 단백질분해효소 생산 Kinetics)

  • 김진현;유영제
    • KSBB Journal
    • /
    • v.4 no.2
    • /
    • pp.128-133
    • /
    • 1989
  • Carbon sources and nitrogen sources are known to be very important in protease production by microorganisms. The effects of carbon source and nitrogen source on protease biosynthesis by Bacillus licheniformis were investigated using batch cultures. As initial carbon and nitrogen concentrations of culture medium increased, the specific growth rate of Bacillus licheniformis was increased, while the specific protease production rate was decreased. From the results of batch cultures, a mathematical model which considers the effects of carbon source and cnitrogen source was proposed and the methods to increase the productivity of protease were discussed.

  • PDF

Assimilation of Peptides and Amino Acids and Dissimilation of Lactate During Submerged Pure Cultures of Penicillium camembertii and Geotrichum candidum

  • Aziza, M.;Adour, L.;Amrane, A.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.18 no.1
    • /
    • pp.124-127
    • /
    • 2008
  • The behavior of Penicillium camembertii and Geotrichum candidum growing in submerged pure cultures on simple (glutamate) or complex (peptones) substrates as nitrogen and carbon sources and lactate as a second carbon source was examined. Similar to the behavior previously recorded on a simple substrate (glutamate), a clear differentiation between the carbon source and the energy source was also shown on peptones and lactate during P. camembertii growth, since throughout growth, lactate was only dissimilated, viz., used for energy supply by oxidation into $CO_2$, whereas peptides and amino acids from peptones were used for carbon (and nitrogen) assimilation. Because of its deaminating activity, G candidum preferred peptides and amino acids to lactate as energy sources, in addition to being assimilated as carbon and nitrogen sources. From this, on peptones and lactate, G candidum grew faster than P. camembertii (0.19 and 0.08 g/l/h, respectively) by assimilating the most readily utilizable peptides and amino acids; however, owing to its lower proteolytic activity, the maximum biomass was lower than that of P. camembertii (3.7 and 5.5 g/l, respectively), for which continuous proteolysis and assimilation of peptides were shown.

Effect of Carbon Source and Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio on Carotenogenesis of Rhodotorula glutinis

  • Nam, Hee-Sop
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.1 no.1
    • /
    • pp.75-78
    • /
    • 1991
  • The carotenoid biosynthesis of a red oleaginous yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis was significantly changed when the yeast was grown on different carbon substrates. The highest carotenoid production was obtained on culture medium containing glucose when the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) was adjusted to 25.7. Galactose stimulated the biosynthetic rate of torularhodin, a xanthophyll component of the yeast. With decreasing C/N ratio of the medium, significant changes of $\gamma$-carotene and torularhodin were observed such that increase in the torularhodin concentration was nearly equal to the decrease in $\gamma$-carotene. It was speculated that the nature of carbon substrate affected the metabolic rate of the cell, and accompanied by the different pattern of carotenoid accumulation in the cell.

  • PDF