• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.458-463
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.15.4 기반 무선 센서 네트워크와 압력패드와 가드센서를 이용하여 병실 내 환자의 동작을 감지하는 시스템을 개발 하였다. 이 시스템은 주간에 환자의 일상적인 활동 뿐 만 아니라 특히 야간 취침 시에 발생하는 낙상 사고 감지를 위해 설계 되었다. 환자의 침대에 설치된 노드는 압력 패드 및 가드 센서에서 환자의 활동 및 낙상을 감지하여 게더로 송신하고 게더에 수신된 데이터는 TCP/IP 통신으로 업무 지원 센터의 모니터로 보내도록 하였다. 이때 압력 패드 및 가드 센서가 on, off 동작 시에 발생하는 스위치 채터링 현상을 방지하기 위해 타이머를 사용 하였다. 그리고 통신 모듈의 송신 파워를 조절하여 병실의 다양한 환경에서 적용이 가능 하도록 구성 하였으며 수집된 데이터를 바탕으로 간호사가 실시간으로 병상의 환자 상태를 확인하고 관리 할 수 있게 하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine nurses' turnover experiences and to provide basic information for developing turnover intervention program for effective human resources management. Methods: This study is an inductive, descriptive phenomenological research that uses profound interviews and observations. The subjects of the study were nurses retired from a hospital. Results: The themes were classified into the three theme clusters. The first theme was about 'deepening inside wound' which was described as experiencing stresses due to introversion, feeling a heavy burden about responsibilities as experienced nurses, feeling guilty about limits of performance and hurt about reproaches by seniors and having conflicts with physicians. The second theme cluster focused on 'powerlessness as time goes', which was stated as having difficulty in adaptation to the new rotated wards, feeling tired and having no spare time and difficulty in night duty, experiencing stagnation and powerlessness and feeling disappointed about inadequate rewards. The third was about 'can't find the exit' which were expressed with wanting to change the speciality because of concerns about future, having affection to motherhood, feeling conflict over the nursing profession itself, concentrating on the matter of turnover and facing related personal situations, and regretting turnover. Conclusion & Suggestions: Considering all these experiences, field managers in nursing should build up a support system that helps nurses overcome risks related to decision-making about turnover. In addition, nurse managers need to develop a human resources development program in which competent nurses are continuously won over through education and counseling.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) of shift nurses and identify the association between PMS, sleep, and occupational stress. Methods: This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that used data from the Shift Work Nurse's Health and Turnover study. The participants were 258 nurses who were working in shifts including night shifts. PMS, sleep patterns (sleep time and sleep time variability), sleep quality, and the occupational stress of each participant were measured using the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, a sleep diary, an actigraph, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and STATA 15.1 to obtain descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Baron and Kenny's mediating analysis. Results: The average PMS score, average sleep time, average sleep time variability, average sleep quality score, and average occupational stress score of the participants was 53.95 ± 40.45, 7.52 ± 0.89 hours, 32.84 ± 8.43%, 12.34 ± 5.95, and 49.89 ± 8.98, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis with GEE indicated that sleep time variability (B = 0.86, p = .001), and sleep quality (B = 2.36, p < .001) had negative effects on nurses' PMS. We also found that sleep quality had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between occupational stress and PMS. Conclusion: These findings indicate that both sleep time variability and sleep quality are important factors associated with PMS among shift work nurses. To improve shift nurses' PMS status, strategies are urgently needed to decrease sleep time variability and increase sleep quality.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the extent of and the relationships among self-efficacy, spiritual well-being, and job stress in clinical nurses. Methods: The subjects were 201 clinical nurses from three different general hospitals in B city. Data were collected from May 26 to August 9, 2012 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Sheff$\acute{e}$ test, and Partial correlation coefficients. Results: The mean scores of self-efficacy, spiritual well-being, and job stress were moderate, 3.50, 3.58, and 3.44 respectively. There were statistically significant relationships between marital status, influence of religion, the number of night shifts per month, motives for choosing nursing as a career, job satisfaction and self-efficacy. Spiritual well-being was found to be significantly related to all participants' general characteristics, and job stress was significantly related to marital status and type of religion. There was a significantly weak positive correlation between self-efficacy and spiritual well-being, and a weak negative correlation between self-efficacy and job stress. There was no significant correlation between job stress and spiritual well-being. Conclusion: This study suggests that effective strategies to foster spiritual well-being is needed to enhance clinical nurses' self-efficacy, which should equip clinical nurses to better deal with job stress in their work places.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.709-728
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• 1995

The job related activities of sixty nine nurses, working in the emergency rooms of three university hospitals, were analyzed for six days according to preestablished checklist of nursing activities ; the frequency of these activities and the amount of time spent in each specific nursing activity. The established checklist was monitored every five minutes for the duration of the duty autu, thus producing 414 items of data. The data were not gathered on consecutive days but over the period of one month from May 6, 1994 to June 5, 1994. The following conclusions are derived from analysis of the data : 1. Twelve categories of nursing activities were obtained : The primary activity was communication related to the patient and all information pertaining to the patient. Other activities included maintaining the patient's record, observation and assessment of the patient, cooperation with other medical personnel, management of equipment and drugs, procedure and treatment, specimen collection, consultation and education for the patient, including drug management and personal hygiene and any other relevant education to the patient's condition. 2. The average frequency of categorized nursing activity can be classified as follows : communication related to patient was the highest at 17.6 times. The next was maintaining the patient's record at 17.3 times. The observation and assessment occurred 16.9 times. Consultation and education for patients and family, 8 times, medication, 5.7 times, and procedures and treatments, 6 times. 3. The average time required for each activity was as follows : 230.1 minutes (or maintaining the patient's record, 204.9 minutes for communication related to the patient, 199.2 minutes for observation and assessment, 71.2 minutes for medication, 66 minutes for consultation and education of the patient and family, and 51.8 minutes for procedures and treatment. 4. The most demanding nursing activity in the emergency room for the nurse was answering questions from the patient's family, maintaining communication between the medical staff, maintaining and reviewing the patient's charts, writing prescriptions and monitoring 1. V. infusion rates. 5. The most time consuming nursing activities for the emergency room nurse include maintaining and following the patient's charts, communication between the medical staff, answering questions from the patient's family, observation of the patient and relaying all of the appropriate patient information to the incoming nurses during a shift change. 6. The F-test was administered to measure the required time for the categorized nursing activities according to day, evening, and night-shift nurses. There were significant differences (p<.05) in specimen collection, observation and assessment, cooperation between medical staffs, personal hygiene, communication related to patient, education and re-search. Posterior multiple comparison test showed that specimen collection, cooperation between medical staffs and personal hygiene were mostly done by the evening-shift nurses. Also most observations and assessments were done by the night-shift nurses. Education and communication to patients were done by day-shift nurses. Thus there were significant difference between shifts for the main nursing activities. So there should considev a reallocation of the duty of nurses on each shift. 7. The F-test also indicated that there wes a similarity in time duration for procedures and treatments and for cooperation between medical staff and nurses in all three hospitals. However, the remaining categories of nursing activities also showed a significant difference between the three hospitals. This indicated that there were differences in each emergency room that influence time for each categorized nursing activities and this should be given more consideration. Recommendations : 1. A seasonal difference should be considered in the activities of nurses in the emergency room and a comparative analysis should be carried out to deter-mine seasonal differentiation. 2. A study on more objectively measurable nursing activities should be administered as well as one determining the subjective responds towards nursing activities in the emergency room.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.119-133
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• 1997

Continuing shift service of clinical nurses can be not only the cause of occupational dissatisfaction by being connected with the change of circadian rhythm and the burden of duties to be applicable to such changes. But also of inviting the lowering of nursing quality by being affected to the resignation of the nurses as the threat to the health of the nurses. This study has selected 500 nurses at random under non-probability sampling who have been serving by shift in 7 general hospitals which have over 400 sickbeds for the purpose of cross-sectional survey design from Sep. 7 through 20, 1996. Standardized modification of the CMI has been used which was designed for Koreans with Cornell Medical Index developed by Broadman and his fellow workers as the study device. The structure of the device was composed of 35 questions on physical appeal(Chronbach's ${\alpha}=8507$) and 22 questions of mental appeal(Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.8166$ totalling 57 questions. The collected data has been computerrized by using SPSS. General character, present symptom, perceived symptom and others are sought by practical number and percentage, and the health condition comparison followed by general characters was conducted by t-test and ANOVA. The post test was by Duncan's test by the level of p<.05. 1) The items of the answer that they have the physical symptom presently by 50% or over of the nurses were as "Do you often have spells of severe dizziness", "Are your eyes often red or inflamed", "Does press or pain in the head often make like miserable", "Are your ankles often badly swollen", "Do pains in the back make it hard for you to keep up with your work". 2) The items of the answer by over 50% of the nurses as the mental symptom at present were "do you fell bad when criticized?", "Do you get angry when everything is against your will?", "do you get angry when ordered to do this and that?", "do you feel uneasy by such a trifle thing?", "do you tremble or are you freightened by sudden sound?". The mental and physical symptoms which have appeared presently in connection with the shift service have been agreed with each other. But the physical condition has been worse than the mental one. 3) In the physical health conditions followed by demosociological character, there were the significant differences by sex, religion and place of residence(p<.05), and in the mental health conditions, there were the significant differences by age, marital status, residence place and the required time for attending hospital(p<.05). 4) There was significant difference by the degree of satisfaction about the duty in both the physical and mental health conditions. In short, the higher the degree of duty satisfaction, the better the health conditions. 5) There were the significant difference according to the times of night duty and whether they take the drug or not or the kinds of the drugs in the physical health conditions related with the characters of night shift. Mental health conditions in the night shift case showed significant differences according to their taking drug or not or the kinds of the drugs(p<.05). I can confirm that the nurses have been affected continuously by the shift service mentally and physically. The maintenance of the physical and mental health of the nurses and its promotion are very important problem to guarantee the quality nursing in the performance of the nursing service continuously and effectively, so the hospital should make every effort to improve the duty conditions by finding out the causes affecting to their health. In the nursing management viewpoint, I think that elevating the satisfaction degree about the duty would be a great help to the promotion of physical and mental health conditions. But what is most important is that the nurses themselves should take care of themselves in maintaining the good conditions in their service in the hospital.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.389-400
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to examine a possibility of applying the ABC system to analyze the cost of nursing service on one obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) unit in a major medical center. The activities of nurses on an OB/GYN unit were analyzed for 4 days for 96 hours. 2 week days and 2 days on weekend. Total cases included in the study were activities of 12 charge nurses and 12 staff nurses. Activities were categorized into direct and indirect activities in order to calculate the cost of activities. Nursing activities were defined multidimesionally in order to utilize the ABC system. The 60 nursing activities were classified into the direct nursing activities and the indirect nursing activities based on a literature review, interview, and survey results. The direct activities were further categorized into the single nursing activities and the multiple nursing activities. The indirect activities were classified into the indirect nursing service activities and the general management activities. The major findings of this study were as follows : 1. There were differences in activities according to the positions and duties of the nurses. The charge nurses mostly performed the indirect nursing service activities and the general management activities. Almost all of their indirect nursing activities spent on each patient were similar. The staff nurses performed the single nursing activities and the multiple nursing activities. 2. The activities of staff nurses included medication, patient assessment, rounding and organizing the unit. patient education, nursing treatment, admission and discharging of patients. There was no differences in types and amount of time spent between the nurses on day-time duty and evening-time duty, but the patient assessment activity increased during the night-time. 3. The cost of post partum nursing services for women who had a normal vaginal delivery using the ABC system included the cost incurred by direct nursing activities provided by the staff nurses (85.9%), indirect nursing activities incurred by the staff nurses(19.0%) and the nursing activities by the charge nurses and the head nurse(14.1%). The ABC system is a relatively new method of cost analysis. The results of this study can provide the nursing and hospital managers with useful information on cost control. It is suggested that more studies should be done using the ABC system and extend the scope of studies to include value analysis to aid the Activity-Based Management(ABM) and/or the reengineering of hospital process.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1985

This study was to explore on the rank of stressful events related to the experience of hospitalization. 180 hospitalized patients on surgical and medical wards were asked to rate 49 stress-producing events associated with the experience of hospitalization. Two university hospitals was used as the setting for this study. Because the nature of the events in the stress scale pertain mainly to general short term hospitalizations, patients in the rehabilitation and psychiatric units of the hospital were not included. Prior to the beginning of the study, three times meeting were held with 12 head nurses and 3 investigators for discussing with the ethics subject related to the study. The pretest was done to determine whether items to use were pertinent or not. According to the result of the pretest, Volicer's Hospital Stress Rating Scale was selected as a study tool for this study. Data collection was used an interview and a card-sorting method. The interviewing was done by two authors and three graduate nursing students. A total 125 completed the card-sorting procedure. The stressful items were ordered from most to least stressful within the categories. Additional information such as: age, sex, marital status, and diagnosis was obtained from the kardex file. The ordered list of items, with mean values, as scored by the total of 125 respondents was significantly accepted at 1% level by Friedman test. (X²=1448.339) The event,“knowing you have a serious illness.”was rated highest stressful and (M=41.54) “Being awakened in the night by the nurse”least stressful. (M=14.73) Highly rated items were orderly “Thinking you might have cancer”“Thinking you might lose a kidney or some other organ”“Not being told what your diagnosis is. “Not knowing for sure what illness you have,”five lowerly rated items were orderly “Having to eat at different times than you usually do”“net being able to call family or friends on the phone”“Not having friends visit you,”“Having strangers sleep in the same room with you.”Futher analysis of the data was done to ascertain tao degree of similarity of judgment between different groups in the sample as to how events should be rated. The sample was divided into two groups according to the demographic characteristics and the degree of seriousness of illness. The rank order correlation was calculated for the two sets of ranks as a measure of consensus between the two groups. The correlations ranged from .85∼.99 all indicating a high degree of consensus.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.111-132
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• 1970

An analysis of nursing activities in a in-patient ward and its management was observed in order to assess necessary number of nursing hands and find out reasonable work management with them. The study was performed with two wards of St. Mary′s Hospital, Catholic Medical Center, for the period from July to December 1970. The results and conclusions were as the following 1. The role of the nurses are determined by doctor′s order in 57.7% in kind, 80.0% in amount. and by nurses decision 20.0% in amount. 2. Works related to patient care are found to be 20.6% in the internal medicine ward and 20.4% in the surgical ward while works related to treatment are 4.7% in the former and 27.2% in the letter. Medication occupies 40.0% in the internal medical ward while 26.6% in the surgery ward, and observation occupies 34.7% in the former while 25.8% in the letter. These can be said to reflect characteristic differences bet ween the two wards. 3. When nursing functions were evaluated by importance "A" level in the amount of works to be done occupied 67.6% in the surgical ward and 62.8% in the internal medical ward. In the kind of the important works, "B"level is found to be most frequent with 50% while "A"level 43%. When evaluated by difficulty, "B"level was found to be most frequent in amount in both internal medicine and surgical wards (52.6%, 38.2%). 4. Works needing professional knowledge and skills occupied 92% in the both wards while unprofessional works 2.8% and 4.2% respectively. There are indications, however, that unprofessional works have an increasing tendency. 5. When evaluated by the amount of works, the surgical ward has 11 nurses less and the internal medicine ward 3 nurses less then the necessary number of nursing staffs. There are shortage of 12 and 6 nurses respectively when evaluated by the number of patients and 18 nurses in the both wards when evaluated by the medical regulations of the Government. 6. The ratio of the nursing staff to patient was found to be 1:11.5, 1:23.0 and 1:34.5 in the morning, evening and night turn in the surgical ward. In the medical word the ratio was 1:9.4, 1:22.0 and 1:33.0. 7. The deficiency of necessary equipment and tension accompanying management of those equipment were found to lower the effective functioning of the head nurse who is a junior manager of the ward. They also consume much of the time and energy of the nurses at work who are over burdened in most of the cases. 8. The high rate of the number of nurses who leave the job impairs the functioning of team work which is considered to be most important in the effective performance of nursing activities and thus contributes to lower the efficiency of nursing functions.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.222-229
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• 1999

These days, as the society has been in the trends of highly industrialized and the family has been downsized, there is remarkably increasing number of women who follow occupation. These changes have made it more difficult for the family to help post-partum mother, which had been performed in side of house. By the help of social believe that during at least 1 month after childbirth professional nursing program is indispensable for both maternity protection and physical-mental recuperation, now many post-partum care centers for post-partum mother have been in operation. Although these post-partum care center have in use for a long time, no study was performed before this study on the same subject. Data were analyzed using by SAS. The results of study are as follow : 1. The general features of the user of the post-partum care center. The predominant band of user's age is extended from 26 to 30. The users are mainly housewives and they are in higher level of incomes and educations. As for the feature of delivery methods, they performed the normal spontaneous vaginal delivery method by 58.0% and the Caesarean operation method by 42.0%. As for the sexuality for babies, 59.3% of infants are male, and 40.7% are female. The highest delivery order of users is first and admission after 1-3days delivery is highest. 2. The results for the investigation into the actual condition of the post-partum care center are as follow : About the main reason for entrance of the post-partum care center was found to be the needs for the better nursing programs for recuperation after childbirth. This demands are also supported by their husbands. The average length of stay in the post-partum care center is 17.6 days and the besides promised expense ; powdered milk, milk-suckers, disposable dippers, skin cares, body shape cares, entrophics, injections. The post-partum have private rooms for mother and infants. Over the half of average expense is 229 million won. They are paying accessory fees the post-partum care center have similar step organization : the nurses, the skin carers, the cleaners. Mostly both ways of feeding powdered milk and breast feeding are in use, and mother's milk is preserved in the night time to be given to infant by nurse in charge. 3. The results of the investigation on users' nursing demand to the post-partum care center and satisfaction are as follow : The ranking order of nursing demand of mothers who used the is that ; infant care demands, environmental demands, emotional and mental care demands, education and training demands. As much as 70% of the respondents have dissatisfaction in nursing program, The ranking order of service satisfaction of mothers who used appears to be higher following order ; satisfaction in infant care demand, satisfaction in physical nursing demand, satisfaction in emotional and mental nursing demand, satisfaction in education and training demand, satisfaction in environment nursing demand. The results of pearson correlation. between nursing demand and service satisfaction of mothers who used are found to be relative noticeable in the level of 0.05. only infant care. The 61.7% of the women who used the post-partum care center. are responding that they will reuse the same post-partum care center again.