• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to find out the useful data for upland crop cultivation in the newly reclaimed tidal land. Poseung silty clay loam soil was selected, and cotton(Mogpo VII) and tall fescue were cultivated under different drainage systems and soil ameliorator applications. Soil hardness and bulk density were decreased by subsurface drainage and plastic film installed at 40cm depth of the soil. Red earth application was also effective to loosen the soil, but zeolite and gypsum made the subsoil compact. Water content of the soil was high in surface drain than that of subsurface drain or plastic film curtain plot during dry season. The water content was in order of plastic film curtain, surface drain and subsurface drain. Electrical conductivity(EC) was decreased to lower than 0.4 Simens $meter^{-1}$ ($SM^{-1}$) in the subsurface drain during rainy season, and the EC of subsurface drain was maintained a quater to an half of surface drain. The yield of cotton and tall fescue were high in order of subsurface drain, plastic film curtain and surface drain plot. The yields of cotton were increased to 36-73 % by ameliorator application, and the red earth application was more effective for tall fescue growth compare to gypsum and zeolite.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2016

It is known that the poor soil fertility of newly reclaimed saline soils is due to the lack of organic matter and available mineral nutrients for crop production. The effect of green manuring with Sesbania aculeata in combination with five rates of urea-N treatments (N0. N25, N50, N75, N100) on the productivity of a subsequent whole-crop barley and the fertility of the reclaimed saline soil in Saemangeum was evaluated in the field during 2013-2014 growing season. Sesbania was grown during summer season (June to October). The amount of Sesbania incorporated was $16.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Sesbania contributed to $393kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ to the soils when ploughed down and incorporated before whole-crop barley cultivated. The performances of whole-crop barley following sesbania incorporation were significantly affected by a combination of Sesbania manuring and different N rates. The N fertilizer equivalence without N fertilizer following Sesbania was 42.6% ($63.9kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$), compared with N100 ($150kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$) in fallow soils. The whole-crop barley yield responded to N fertilizer rates in both sesbania-amended and fallow soil. The yield response to nitrogen rates in fallow soil was linear (Y=0.0586X+3.3011, $R^2=0.9534$), whereas that in sesbania-amended soils was quadratic (Y= -0.001X2+0.1322X+5.7143, $R^2=0.9576$). The yield of whole-crop barley in sesbania-amended with increasing N rates was increased up to SN75 (115 kgN) $10.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Apparent N recovery (ANR) of whole-crop barely showed decreased with sesbania plus increasing rates of N fertilizer. Despite higher yield with sesbania manuring plus increasing N rates, the contributions of N from Sesbania with increasing N rates to whole-crop barley were decreased, whereas those from fertilizer increment due to excessively mineralized Nitrogen. Considering yield, ANR, N contribution from Sesbania and nitrogen fertilizer, the optimum N rate was N50 rate following sesbania incorporation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.795-806
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• 2016

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers' fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5~3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0~10.0 ha and in large scales of 30~700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100~130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0~5.2, soil EC was $0.93{\sim}3.78dS\;m^{-1}$, organic matter was $37{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$, nitrate nitrogen $63{\sim}490mg\;kg^{-1}$, available $P_2O_5$ $55{\sim}163mg\;kg^{-1}$, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30~0.98, Ca was 6.5~14.0, Mg was $1.1{\sim}5.3cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10~11 t of compost, $200{\sim}400kg\;ha^{-1}$ of complex fertilizer and $750kg\;ha^{-1}$ of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2012

This study was conducted to find out the optimum cropping system for the stable production of forage crops in the newly reclaimed land located at Gwanghwal and Gyehwa region of Saemangum reclaimed tide land from October, 2009 to October, 2011. Whole crop barley (WCB), Rye, Italyan-ryegrass (IRG) as winter crops and Corn, Sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (SSH) as summer crops were cultivated. Soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, feed value, growth and yield were examinated. The testing soil was showed saline alkali soil where the contents of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable calcium were very low, while exchangeable sodium and magnesium were higher. Changes of soil salinity during the growing season of forage crops were less than 0.2%, and the growth of forage crops was not affected by salt injury. Standing rates of winter crops were higher in the order of Rye, WCB, and IRG, while the dry matter yield of winter crops was higher in the order of IRG, Rye and WCB. The highest crude protein (CP) content was recorded in IRG, and total digestive nutrients (TDN) contents were increased in the order of WCB, IRG, and Rye. The TDN content was higher in corn, whereas other feed value was higher in SSH. The content of mineral nutrients on stem, leaf and grain in IRG, Corn were high. After experiment pH was lowed, contents of exchangeable magnesium, sodium and organic matter were decreased while contents of total nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium, calcium were increased. Winer crops and summer crops after continually cultivating in cropping system, fresh matter yield increased, compared to WCB-Corn (74,740 kg $ha^{-1}$), IRG-SSH 10%, IRG-Corn 7%, Rye-SSH 6%, Rye-Corn and WCB-SSH 3%. Dry matter yield increased, compared to WCB-Corn (20,280 kg $ha^{-1}$), IRG-SSH 7%, Rye-SSH 6%, IRG-Corn/Rye-Corn/WCB-SSH 3%. The TDN yield increased, compared to WCB-Corn (13,830 kg $ha^{-1}$), IRG-SSH 2%, WCB-SSH and IRG-Corn 1%. Therefore, we suggest that the crop combination of IRG-SSH and WCB-SSH would be preferred for silage stable production.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.281-290
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• 1999

The coastal area, particularly along the West and South coasts in Korea, is often reclaimed with dredged marine-clay to meet the demand of land capacity. A large number of ground improvement techniques are developed for such a newly formed soft clay deposit. However, the quick lime column method, which is effectively used for the purpose of ground improvement in the other countries, is seldom applied in Korea. This study, therefore, focuses on the development of appropriate soft soil improvement technique by using quick lime column. A model test as well as finite element analysis was conducted to identify the consolidation characteristics around the lime column. Although actual pore water pressure measured from model tests does not coincide with the predictions made by finite element method and Chen ＆ Law's theoretical formula, their trends are quite similar. It is revealed from this study that the pressure caused by the expansion of lime column affects considerably the consolidation characteristics of the surrounding ground.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2014

Microbiota in the niches of the rhizosphere zones can affect plant growth and responses to environmental stress conditions via mutualistic interactions with host plants. Specifically, some beneficial bacteria, collectively referred to as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs), increase plant biomass and innate immunity potential. Here, we report that Enterobacter sp. EJ01, a bacterium isolated from sea china pink (Dianthus japonicus thunb) in reclaimed land of Gyehwa-do in Korea, improved the vegetative growth and alleviated salt stress in tomato and Arabidopsis. EJ01 was capable of producing 1-aminocy-clopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and also exhibited indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. The isolate EJ01 conferred increases in fresh weight, dry weight, and plant height of tomato and Arabidopsis under both normal and high salinity conditions. At the molecular level, short-term treatment with EJ01 increased the expression of salt stress responsive genes such as DREB2b, RD29A, RD29B, and RAB18 in Arabidopsis. The expression of proline biosynthetic genes (i.e. P5CS1 and P5CS2) and of genes related to priming processes (i.e. MPK3 and MPK6) were also up-regulated. In addition, reactive oxygen species scavenging activities were enhanced in tomatoes treated with EJ01 in stressed conditions. GFP-tagged EJ01 displayed colonization in the rhizosphere and endosphere in the roots of Arabidopsis. In conclusion, the newly isolated Enterobacter sp. EJ01 is a likely PGPR and alleviates salt stress in host plants through multiple mechanisms, including the rapid up-regulation of conserved plant salt stress responsive signaling pathways.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sulfur containing fertilizers on growth, yield and nutritive quality of soybean as affected by lime application at reclaimed soil. Lime application for neutralization requirements showed the effect of increased grain yield about 32% compared to the non application at newly opened land of red and yellow soil. In case of lime application, the sulfur containing fertilizers combined with super phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and gypsum increased the grain yield by 31%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. When lime was not applied, magnesium carbonate application increased the yield by 47%, super phosphate by 22%, and gypsum by 15%. The protein content of grain was higher at lime application than those of non lime application and was increased by the application of sulfur containing fertilizer. But lipid content was not affected by lime or sulfur application. From the above results obtained it was concluded that sulfur fertilizer effect under lime application was significant when combined with super phosphate or ammonium sulfate application. Magnesium carbonate or super phosphate application was the best combination with sulfur-containing fertilizer.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.46-46
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• 2020

Finger millet is more nutritious than other and millets and widely cultivate in tropical regions of the world. Furthermore, it is more tolerant against biotic and abiotic stresses such as pest, drought and salt. For this reason, finger millet is one of the putative crops to introduce and cultivate on reclaimed land and prepare the global climate exchange in Korea. In present study, genetic diversity and structure of different populations of finger millet from Africa and South Asia was examined at molecular level using newly developed EST-Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR) markers. In total, 46 primers produced 292 alleles in a size range of 100-500 bp and mean Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) and Marker Index (MI) were 0.372 and 1.04, respectively. 46 primers showed polymorphism and 21 primers were identified as having a PIC value above 0.5. Principal coordinates analysis and the dendrogram constructed out of combined data of both markers showed grouping of finger millet accessions to their respective area of collection. The 156 accessions were more classified into four groups, such as three groups of Africa collection and one group of Asia. Results of present study can be useful in identifying diverse accessions and management of this plant resource. Moreover, the novel SSR markers developed can be utilized for various genetic analyses in this species in future.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 1989

To evaluate the effect of soil improvement on the chemical properties and corn silage yield, this experiment was carried out in the newly-reclaimed sloped land. Corn (Suwon 19) was cultivated under the six different treatments including integrated improvement plot at Songjeong loam, 20 percent slope, from 1985 to 1987 and various soil chemical properties and silage yield were investigated. pH of topsoil was above 5.0 except for control and phosphate plot, but lime and integrated improvement plots were above 5.0 in subsoil. The contents of organic matter of topsoil were above 2.0% except control and subsoiling plot. Except control, the range of cation exchange capacity was 7.4-7.8 me/100g in topsoil, 7.0-7.7 me/100g in subsoil. Soil bacteria density of root zone was the highest in integrated improvement than the other treatments, and it was higher at the harvesting stage than the heading stage. Mean density of microorganism was $61.3{\times}10^5$ in bacteria, $21.5{\times}10^4$ in fungi and actinomycetes was B/F ratio was 28.5 and B/A ratio was 2.9. Vertical root distribution of total and 10cm depth below was more in the integrated improvement and subsoi ling plot than the other plots. Total nitrogen (T-N) content was higher in integrated improvement plot, and phosphate content of leaves was higher in compost and integrated improvement plot, but stem and grain were not different. Potassium content of the plant was higher in integra ted improvement plot. Correlation between dry matter yield and T-N was more significant than the other elements. And the contents of phosphate, calcium and magnesium were significant at 5%, but potassium was not.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of soil improvement on the changes of soil physical properties and the silage yield of corn in the newly-reclaimed sloped land. Corn (Suweon 19) was cultivated under the six different treatments at Songjeong loam, 20 percent slope, during 1985 to 1987 and various soil physical properties and silage yield were investigated. Growing Degree Days of corn during the growing season were $820.6^{\circ}C$ in 1985, $810.2^{\circ}C$ in 1986, and $812.4^{\circ}C$ in 1987. The changes of soil bulk density were high variances by different treatments in 1st year, but sluggish in 2nd year. In 3rd year, the control plot was the highest, but the integrated improvement plot was the lowest than the other plots. Soil hardness was reduced in subsoiling and integrated improvement plot with deep plowing, and water stable aggregates and air permeability were higher in these plots. Moisture retention was no differences between treatments. Dry matter yield of corn was decreased in the 2nd year than the 1st year, but increased in the 3rd year. Increasing ratio of yield was in the order of integrated improvement > subsoiling > lime > phosphate > compost > control plot. Correlation among the dry matter yield and soil physical properties were significant at 1%, but moisture retention of soil was not significant at 5%.