• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 1999

Microstructural observations on the pseudo-brookite $MgTi_2O_5$ and the similar type of $(In_{0.36}Zn_{1.09})Ti_2O_{5.64}$ were carried out using a top-entry HRTEM working at 200 kV. The modulated structures were found in $(In_{0.36}Zn_{1.09})Ti_2O_{5.64}$, however, not in $MgTi_2O_5$. The electron diffraction patterns of sublattice in $(In_{0.36}Zn_{1.09})Ti_2O_{5.64}$ are quite similar to those of pseudo-brookite $MgTi_2O_5$. but the complicated superlattice reflections are present in the diffraction patterns. Four types of modulations have been found. The periodicities for the modulated structure are found to be 3.63 nm, 0.79 nm and 0.64 nm along [220] direction, and 0.81 nm along [420] direction. The phase transition from the modulated structure to the unmodulated one was also observed in situ due to the electron beam irradiation reversibly. Further damage by the electron beam made the crystal to be fragmented into many small crystals with the formation of the voids at the kinks in ledged structure of the surface. The anisotropic arrangements of In and O atoms in $(In_{0.36}Zn_{1.09})Ti_2O_{5.64}$ might cause the compound to be unstable under the electron beam.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

Recently as return farmers has been increased rapidly, the introduction of a system of rental housing is being considerated in order to induce regional fixation. It was examined organizational management, business scope of rural type rental housing, management role, through the analysis about the management realities of the business of similar form Rural-Fishing New Town project. Jangseonggun and Hwasungun have maneged rental housing 280ho in Rural-Fishing New Town project. It is large village among Rural Rental Housing. And these counties have organized the complex on a large scale among the rental housing. Local governments have managed and operated directly, also these governments have two different methods for the co-management, and the way of making payment. Rental housing management services are divided into rental management, housing management, tenant management. Rental management services such as residents of recruitment, tenants and retreat, rent collection and the storage, management and leasing promotion of the cantilever, surveys of residents. Housing management services such as check of various facilities, maintenance and maintenance work, security and cleaning and daily facility management. Tenant management is life management in connection with housing welfare. In the rural type of rental housing, there are few cases to operate a management office. It is often supplied by rental housing to buy a house or vacant land within the existing village. In this case, by utilizing community facilities within the existing village instead of establishment of extra facilities,It doesn't need to make payment for maintenance fee. In the smaller complex than No. 20, it is self-managed by the tenants in order to reduce the administrative costs and specify the necessary municipal manager. Organization form can be maneged directly from local governments and part of for the management of the building can be employed a mixed management system to delegate management to private organizations such as non-profit organizations or neighborhood association. Tenant management helps people who move in a rental house live on stable circumstance in there area by connection with the program of life support.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2021

The new town in Korea, developed as a large-scale housing plan, has created urban ecological corridors to provide habitat and movement routes to wildlife and to promote natural ecological flow. This study aimed to investigate the use of wildlife in 10 ecological corridors in Gwanggyo New Town through camera trap technology and confirm effectiveness by identifying environmental factors affecting the use of wildlife's urban ecological corridors. Our researchers installed 20 unmanned sensor cameras at each the entrance and exit of the ecological corridors, and monitored urban wildlife for 10 weeks. According to the monioring results, the main species in Gwanggyo New Town were identified not only raccons, cats, water deer, korean hare and avain but also magpies, dove, eurasian tree sparrow, ring-necked pheasant, and eurasian jay. The number of uses ecological corridors of urban residents was 801(13.49%), as high as that of urban wildlife (1,140, 19.20%), which was judged to have disturbed the use of ecological corridors by wildlife. However, most dominant species of urban wildlife are nocturnal so that, it was judged that they share home range with urban residents at a time interval. In addition, according to the correlation analysis results between the mammal using rate of the urban ecological corridors and environmental factors(ecological corridor-specific length, ecological corridor-specific width, cover degree, shielding degree, connected green area, separation of movement routes, and presence of streetlights), environmental factors were not statistically significant. However, the more the area of green space connected to ecological corridors, the more increasing the mammal using rate of ecological corridor(r=0.71, p<0.05). Therefore, the area of green space connected to the ecological corridors that is associated with rate of wildlife using corridors should be considered as a priority when developing an urban ecological corridors. In the future, this study will extend the observation period of the ecological corridors and continuously accumulate data by adding the number of observation cameras. Furthermore, it is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for the standards for urban ecological corridors installation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2004

Purpose: The aim of the study is to provide information about selecting school sites for new schools in congested urban areas and to propose a method to manage harmful environments around primary and secondary schools. Method: Four schools were selected around Gilum New Town and Ilsan City. The problems were identified by counting the businesses classified as harmful and prohibited in a school zone through surveying, collecting reports from relevant sources, and asking questions of authorities in school districts. Results: It was found that many harmful businesses prohibited by the Law of School Health were present in the safe zone of schools in both Ilsan city and Gilum New Town. The school site of Bohyun Elementary School was classified as poor because there was a steep ascent at the entrance and the school was surrounded by a dangerous, steep boundary. We suggested that an education and environment assessment system by completed before the school site was selected. Conclusion: There is a urgent need to improve the approval and permission process of harmful businesses as well as regulatory standards of school site selection in the light of the shortage of land.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.127-134
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to derive a model of urban regeneration business using idle facilities in the old city center. The scope of the study was set as empty houses and empty stores owned by private companies, and analyzed the 50 central city revitalization projects using idle facilities in 14 local cities in Japan. The results of this study are follows; First, as an urban regeneration strategy using idle facilities in the old town, it was a combination of other functions centering on commercial functions or introducing new functions required in the city center. Second, various financial supports have been provided to induce the utilization of idle facilities by the private sector, and different strategies have been implemented for businesses that need maintenance first. Third, based on the analysis results, it was possible to derive urban regeneration business model. Fourth, in order to operate smooth business, it is a need for an organization that is in charge of reviewing the consistency of upper-level planning and urban guiding functions such as urban revitalization plan, balance review of expenditure and revenues by cost subsidy and loan repayment, consultation among the business partners.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

During the 1990's, five new towns were constructed around Seoul such as Bun-Dang and Il-San. These new towns are very popular since they were created based on systemic urban planning and they provide various residential amenities. Many people consider them livable cities. Taking such advantages, other small-scale new public and private developments continued around those new towns and consequently created 'agglomerated region with new development'. The most representative area is Bun-Dang and north-western Yong-In area which are formed along the Seoul-Busan expressway. This area is a mega-community having more than one million residents in 2005.Judging from recent development trends in the Seoul metropolitan area, it is expected that the formation of other 'agglomerated region with new development' would be continued for the time being. This study is aimed to analyze the residential environment of Bun-Dang and north-western Yong-In and find implications to the management of 'agglomerated region with new development'. The relevant existing studies have their limits, only focusing on analyzing current conditions and pointing out current problems. This study could be differentiated from the existing analyses in that it conducted comprehensive analyses on various factors that constitute urban residential environment. The conclusion of this study was derived from diverse analyses of current development condition, residential sites, regional transportation, awareness of residents, and oversee cases.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.413-425
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• 2003

This article aims to validate empirically and verify theoretically, the applicability of the spa town life cycle model to Bath Spa located in United Kingdom. In order to test the model, the indicators of the model that associated with the rate of transportation infrastructure, the length of stay, tourist facilities, competitive resorts, advertising, tourism policy, environmental problem and the attitude of residents were examined through a comparative analysis. According to the result of this research, the indicators of 7 items excepting competitive resorts applied to Bath Spa. The competitive resorts of Bath Spa emerge at the maturity stage differing from the model that appeared at the stagnation stage. In conclusion if the new hypothesis of competitive resorts is added to the model, the model will be applied to western spa town, which has a small scale and a long history.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.86-97
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• 2014

Incheon Free Economic Zone is the first free economic zone specified in 2003 in Korea. Previous research on the Free Economic Zone has focused on the activation of the free economic zone or foreign investment issue at the level of the national economic plan. Related to the development of a free economic zone, studies are currently insufficient on the relevance of the local economy, the development of linkages with hinterland, and the balanced regional development. Therefore, this study tried to investigate the impact of Incheon Free Economic Zone to the local economy through analyzing the causes and characteristics of the imbalance between the regions in Incheon by comparing before (1996~2002) and after (2003~2009) of the Incheon Free Economic Zone legislation (2003). The result shows that development of the free economic zone has not been connected to the local economy activation and the ripple effect on the old town in Incheon. Further, the construction of a large apartment and infrastructure in the free economic zones have increased the disparity between the free zones and the old town.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2023

Due to the recent population decrease and urban decline, it has become increasingly important to induce qualitative changes in the city itself and create a differentiated development model. Local culture, based on its uniqueness and diversity, generates the expansion and ripple effect of various contents through creative utilization. In this study, we examine a new local content approach called "town-stay (village hotel)" that develops cultural content and creates a place-making in terms of creating a sustainable ecosystem with cultural vitality. While the uniqueness and creativity of individual content can make a region's attractiveness stand out, we have seen in the case of small-sized cities in Korea and Japan that content elements (place, story, people) can be materialized into area-level content called town-stay(village hotel). The local contents are densely presented in a specific area to increase visibility and expand into a variety of content that reveals regional connections. Local creators, who are the core actors, understand locality, induce active activities, and pursue sustainable development that promotes not only economic value but also community solidarity.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.355-386
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• 2006

This paper analyses recent regional development policies being carried out in Japan and the U.S. Such policies are formed on the sustainability principle aiming at the realization of circula-flow economy and zero waste society. The study here illuminates Japan's Eco-town project and three cases of eco-industrial developments in Minnesota. Such projects have gone from improving industry competitiveness through constructing clean production systems on the company level to improving national competitiveness through constructing a 'circular society' on the government level. Japan included the realization of a 'circular society' as its government's top agenda because it recognized that environmental pollution stems from the inefficient use of natural resources. Eco-town project is a regional development policy specifically reflecting such recognition. The eco-efficiency based city development approaches in Minnesota are but small examples of the new wave in regional development in the developed countries. We need to go beyond emphasizing eco-friendly and ethical management to just the companies. The government itself needs to design national policies based on environmental sustainability.