• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회 논문집
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• pp.133-137
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• 2006

Can examine cause that the construction industry is faced in crisis of skill exhaustion in two sides. One is the tribe of actuality production manpower by entry evasion and graying of young man class specially new manpower to the tribe of skill manpower. Another is qualitative decline of skill manpower. Generally, problem of the systematic knowledge tribe and the picking up tribe about new technology etc, exists because learn skill for shoulder beyond in spot. In cutting phenomenon of skill that is depended on personal relationships availability with skilled worker in hereafter, problem that worker who is old or enter through rain skilled worker does not learn all life skill is detected. These problems institute entry of young man class and necessity of systematic vocational education training specially new human strength strongly. This study does presentation of way to promote construction industry entry of young man class and improvement way of vocational education training system that can do to train these by function manpower by purpose.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제30권
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• pp.187-222
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• 2013

In this study, From 1,560 entry-level of TOPIK standard vocabularies are 702 Sino-Korean words selected which account for 45% of the whole vocabularies in TOPIK. In addition, the same form and morpheme words in Sino-Korean are sorted out by comparing them with 5,000 words of the NEW HSK vocabularies in Sino-Korean morpheme, array position of morpheme, meaning, and usage. Those are categorized into three parts : type of completely the same form-morpheme and same meaning, use, class(189 pairs), type of completely the same form-morpheme and partly same meaning, use, class(28 pairs), and type of completely the same form-morpheme and different meaning, use, class(10 pairs). The first type of words that account for 83.26% of them are used in exactly the same way in both Chinese and Korean. Through an accurate understanding of these vocabularies could either Chinese-speaking Korean learners or Korean-speaking Chinese learners apply those words in their mother tongue to the acquisition of the target language and get more effective means of learning methods for language proficiency test.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2017

PIN-entry interfaces have high risks to leak secret values if the malicious attackers perform shoulder-surfing attacks with advanced monitoring and observation devices. To make the PIN-entry secure, many studies have considered invisible radio channels as a secure medium to deliver private information. However, the methods are also vulnerable if the malicious adversaries find a hint of secret values from user's $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ gestures. In this paper, we revisit the state-of-art radio channel based bimodal PIN-entry method and analyze the information leakage from the previous method by exploiting the sight tracking attacks. The proposed sight tracking attack technique significantly reduces the original password complexities by 93.8% after post-processing. To keep the security level strong, we introduce the advanced bimodal PIN-entry technique. The new technique delivers the secret indicator information through a secure radio channel and the smartphone screen only displays the multiple indicator options without corresponding numbers. Afterwards, the users select the target value by following the circular layout. The method completely hides the password and is secure against the advanced shoulder-surfing attacks.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the Internet channel introduction on the channel composed of a monopoly manufacturer and an independent physical retailer. This study also examines what would be the best strategy for the Independent physical retailer to respond to the new internet channel entry. The game theoretic model consists of a monopolist manufacturer selling its product through a channel system including one independent physical store before the entry of an internet store. The audition of the internet store to this channel system results in a mixed channel comprised of two different types of channels. The new internet store is launched by the manufacturer. The results show that an Internet channel entry has the following impacts on the existing channel members. First, the manufacturer's internet channel introduction mitigates the double marginalization problem of the traditional channel. Second, the manufacturer could enhance Its channel power by introducing its own internet channel while it diminishes that of the incumbent independent physical retailer. Third, manufacturer's adding a new internet store leads to a higher demand. Finally, with its own internet direct channel, the manufacturer has an opportunity to practice price discrimination. The manufacture leaves only those with a strong preference for the physical store to be served by the Independent physical store. The results suggest that the independent physical store's best strategy to the entry of the manufacturer's Internet channel is to focus on the consumers who are highly loyal to the physical store while maintaining a high retail price.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2021

This paper measures the economic impacts of the U.S. port investment strategies coping with the Panama Canal expansion. Using secondary import data, negative and positive estimates of the impacts were presented in this study. Reduced port activities into the West Coast Customs Districts negatively affect transportation and warehousing industries, among other effects. Still, they have simultaneous positive effects in other states from increased imports resulting from modal shifts and changes in the entry port located in the South and East coasts. This study applied the supply-driven National Interstate Economic Model that measures all interstate trade among the U.S. states to divert foreign imports from 15 Pacific Rim countries. For this purpose, the following assumption was adopted: larger ships using the canal will lead to a redirection of seaborne trade among U.S. (and other) ports and result in secondary effects, e.g., using different freight modes and regional growth spillovers. This study also accounted for the entry point change and significant port investments for foreign trade under alternative scenarios. The choice of ports for international trade depends on decisions about how to minimize multimodal delivery costs. The total direct reduction of transportation and warehousing activities associated with foreign imports in the West Coast ports was estimated at $3.3 billion, leading to total negative effects of $5.8 billion. Total positive impacts from the shift of transportation modes with the choice of an entry port and new warehousing activities for foreign imports in the selected 12 states varied. As expected, states that involved an entry port had the most prominent benefits, but Texas, New York, and New Jersey may be benefited through all the port enhancement projects in the U.S. Also, except for Transportation and Postal, and Warehousing industries, Construction is another dominant positive affected industry of the Canal expansion in the U.S.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.115-132
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 최근 급격하게 확산되고 있는 기업형 슈퍼마켓(SSM)의 시장 진입이 국내 소매업 경쟁구조에 미친 영향을 실증하는데 있다. 자료의 분석기간은 2000년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지이며, 기업형 슈퍼마켓이 월별로 진입한 점포수, 누적 점포수, 신규 SSM 사업체 중 $165m^2$ 미만 점포비율이 분석모형에 고려되어 소매업태별 상대적 시장점유율에 미치는 효과가 분석되었다. 한국표준산업분류 코드에서 종합소매업에 속해 있는 백화점, 대형마트, 슈퍼마켓, 체인화 편의점, 기타 음식료품 위주 종합 소매업으로 구분된 소매업태간 시장점유율은 매월 각 소매업태별 판매액을 합산하여 월별 총 소매판매액을 계산한 후, 각 소매업태의 판매액이 총 소매판매액에서 차지하는 비율로 측정하였다. 통제변수로 소매업태별 종사자 수, 통화량(M2)이 모형에 추가되어 분석되었다. 분석결과, 신규 SSM 시장진입으로 인한 소매업태별 시장점유율 변화는 대형마트에서만 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 도출되었다. SSM의 누적 점포수는 모든 소매업태의 시장점유율 변화에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 그 영향력에 대한 방향성이 소매업태별로 다르게 나타났다. 먼저 SSM의 확산은 대형마트와 편의점의 시장점유율을 감소시킨 반면에 백화점, 슈퍼마켓, 기타 음식료품 위주 종합 소매점의 시장점유율에는 긍정적인 공헌을 한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 대한 논의, 시사점, 그리고 향후 연구 방향이 제시되었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.546-559
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preceptorship on On the Job Training of new nurses. The research design was a retrospective survey and one group pre-post test design. The subjects were 49 entry nurses and 49 preceptors. The data were collected from Feburary 1, 1998 to December 1, 1998. One questionnair applied in this study consisted of general characteristics, the responses of new entry nurses and their preceptors and their qualities. The other questionnair consisted of job satisfaction of new entry nurses and preceptors and their competencies. The data were analyzed for frequencies, mean score, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Preceptees's responses were that the nurses' affiliation of unit, cooperation of other nurses, and competencies of nursing skills improved after OJT applied preceptorship. 2) Preceptors's answers were that preceptorship had a positive effect on their continuing education. 3) While preceptees's job satisfaction scores were high in interaction, administration, and organization, they were low in autonomy and pay. 4) Pre-competency scores were the same as post-competency scores. 5) After preceptorship, preceptors responded that their nursing skill & communication competency increased, but their nursing administration competency decreased. 6) Finally, preceptorship's other effects were as follows: (1) Checklists for preceptee education at the nursing unit were developed separately. (2) It was proved that 'preceptor interview note' was effective on manage preceptorship. (3) We obtained duty overlap periods; medicalsurgical units-1 month, 5 ICU-2 months, operation room-3 months. (4) We prepared a preceptor program based on the study results.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.943-946
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• 1999

In this paper, we present a new clock routing algorithm which minimizes total wirelength under any given path-length skew bound. The algorithm onstructs a bounded-skew tree(BST) in two steps:(ⅰ) a bottom-up phase to construct a binary tree of shortest-distance feasible regions which represent the loci of possible placements of clock entry points, and (ⅱ) a top-down phase to determine the exact locations of clock entry points. Experimental results show that our clock routing algorithm, named BST/DME, can produce a set of solutions with skew and wirelength trade-off.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.327-337
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• 2015

이 논문에서는 윈도우즈 NTFS 파일시스템에서 디렉토리의 인덱스에 메시지를 숨기기 위한 새로운 안티 포렌식 방법을 제안한다. 인덱스 엔트리 관리를 위하여 채택하고 있는 B-tree 구조의 특징을 이용하여 인덱스 레코드의 슬랙 영역에 숨길 메시지를 저장한다. 안티포렌식을 위해 숨길 메시지가 노출되지 않게 하기 위해 서 위장 파일을 사용하여 삭제된 파일이름의 정보가 MFT 엔트리에 남지 않도록 한다. 이 기법의 핵심 아이디어 의 이해하기 위해서 B-tree방식의 인덱스 레코드의 운영방법을 소개하고 이 연구에서 제안된 알고리즘을 설명 한다. 제작된 소프트웨어를 사용한 메시지를 숨긴 사례를 들어서 이 방법이 실질적인 기법이라는 것을 보인다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

The auto industry is demanding more ductile high-strength steel grades to build lighter and stronger car bodies. The hot-dip galvanizing problems of these new steel grades are creating a demand for an improved method to control zinc wettability. The simplest way to improve zinc wettability on industrial hot-dip galvanizing lines is to increase the strip immersion temperature at zinc bath entry for enhancing the aluminothermic reaction. However, this practice increases the reactivity due to overheating the zinc in the snout which induces the formation of brittle Fe-Zn compounds at the strip/coating interface with the formation of higher amounts of dross in the zinc bath and snout contamination. Thus, this simple practice can only be utilized for short production periods of one to two hours without deteriorating coating quality. This problem has been solved by employing a technique that allows the use of a higher and attuned strip immersion temperature at zinc bath entry while still maintaining a constantly low zinc bath temperature. This has been proven to provide the solution for both the improved wettability and a significant reduction in the amounts of dross in the zinc bath.