• 약학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2003

Peptide deformylase (PDF) is essential and unique to bacteria, thus making it an attractive target for the discovery of novel antibacterial drugs. PDF deformylates the N-formylmethionine of newly synthesized polypeptides in prokaryotes. In this study, a pdf gene from Staphylococcus aureus 6538p was cloned in pET-14b vector and PDF protein was over-produced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). NH$_2$-terminal His-tagged PDF protein was purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) metal-affinity chromatography. Enzymatic activity of purified 6xHis-tagged PDF was tested on the substrate (formyl-Methionine-Alanine-Serine) by formate dehydrogenase-coupled spectrometric assay of peptide deformylase. For the discovery of new PDF inhibitors from chemical libraries and culture broths of soil bacteria, a target-oriented screening system using a 96-well plate was developed. About 3,000 commercial chemical libraries were tested in this screening system, and 2 chemicals (0.07％) among them showed an inhibitory activity against PDF enzyme. This result showed that a new screening system can be used for the discovery of new PDF inhibitors.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.84-101
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• 1993

The current method of rate adjustment is based on the evaluation of the financial performance of hospitals. The method has the disadvantages such as too complicated, expensive process as well as low reliability due to small sample size. This study, therefore, develops a new model for the rate adjustment with the use of the composite index. In addition to that, it examines the validity of the model by comparing the result of the new method with that of the conventional method. The idea of the new model comes from the Medicare Economic Index(MEI) on which physician fees for the Medicare patients are adjusted periodically in the United States. Medical costs are classified into three groups : labor costs, materials and other expenses. Labor costs are subdivided into physicians and other personnels. Materials are subdivided into drugs and others. Other expenses are subdivided into 5 items. Macro economic indices are selected for each cost item in order to reflect the cost inflation during the specific period. Then the composite index which integrate all items according to the ration of each item in the total costs is calculated. The result from the application of empirical data to the new model is very similar to that of the current method. Furthermore, this method is very simple and also to easy to get social concensus. This model can be replaced the current method based on the analysis of the financial performance for the adjustment of medical fees.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2016

"JeSeBoGam (濟世寶鑑)" was a medical document authored by Moon Gi-hong during the Japanese colonial rule in 1933, and the author acted as a Korean medicine doctor, an acupuncturist, a medicine practitioner and an apothecary. Since its first publication in 1933, it has been published three times in 1966 and 1975, from the Japanese colonial period to the liberation period. "JeSeBoGam" is largely divided into Preface part, "List of drugs according to symptoms [隨症用藥目錄]", "JeSeBoGam-Gap (濟世寶鑑甲)", and the Appendix includes "Key points for diagnosing the disease [察病要訣]" "Key points of acupuncture and pulse [脈訣]" "Key points of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment [針灸訣]" in the back of the book. In 1933, there are attached exam books and license application forms related to Korean medicine doctor and pharmacist, so strict regulations on them during the Japanese occupation period can be confirmed. "JeSeBoGam-Gap" contains 208 prescriptions from 143 prescriptions taken from "BangYakHapPyeon" and 65 prescriptions from other books. It divided into Gap (甲) Eul (乙) Byung (丙) Jung (丁). These prescriptions were placed in "List of drugs according to symptoms [隨症用藥目錄]" according to a symptom 1,286 times. Considerable parts of organization and prescription drug composition of "JeSeBoGam" are closely related with "BangYakHapPyeon", but there were adjustments in all medicinal ingredients and capacity for the rest of them except 23 prescription drugs. Compared to "BangYakHapPyeon", there was a tendency to substitute the basic prescription in "JeSeBoGam" for prescriptions used for the same disease. Though only 65 prescriptions were taken from books other than "BangYakHapPyeon", 575 times were reflected in "List of drugs according to symptoms [隨症用藥目錄]", and the rate of utilization is high compared with the number of prescriptions of "BangYakHapPyeon". It is thought that the circumstances of the Japanese occupation period, limits in medicinal ingredients composition due to regional characteristics, and changes in a patient's condition and the treatment method might have an influence on the author's drug use tendency. "JeSeBoGam" is similar to "BangYakHapPyeon" in composition, but it is a new practical medical book in which the author's clinical records are concentrated.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.207-223
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• 2003

For last five years, we are developing the novel local drug delivery devices using biodegradable polymers, especially polylactide (PLA) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) due to its relatively good biocompatibility, easily controlled biodegradability, good processability and only FDA approved synthetic degradable polymers. The relationship between various kinds of drug [water soluble small molecule drugs: gentamicin sulfate (GS), fentanyl citrate (FC), BCNU, azidothymidine (AZT), pamidronate (ADP), $1,25(OH)_2$ vitamin $D_3$, water insoluble small molecule drugs: fentanyl, ipriflavone (IP) and nifedipine, and water soluble large peptide molecule drug: nerve growth factor (NGF), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)], different types of geometrical devices [microspheres (MSs), microcapsule, nanoparticle, wafers, pellet, beads, multiple-layered beads, implants, fiber, scaffolds, and films], and pharmacological activity are proposed and discussed for the application of pharmaceutics and tissue engineering. Also, local drug delivery devices proposed in this work are introduced in view of preparation method, drug release behavior, biocompatibility, pharmacological effect, and animal studies. In conclusion, we can control the drug release profiles varying with the preparation, formulation and geometrical parameters. Moreover, any types of drug were successfully applicable to achieve linear sustained release from short period ($1{\sim}3$ days) to long period (over 2 months). It is very important to design a suitable formulation for the wanting period of bioactive molecules loaded in biodegradable polymers for the local delivery of drug. The drug release is affected by many factors such as hydrophilicity of drug, electric charge of drug, drug loading amount, polymer molecular weight, the monomer composition, the size of implants, the applied fabrication techniques, and so on. It is well known that the commercialization of new drug needs a lot of cost of money (average: over 10 million US dollar per one drug) and time (average: above 9 years) whereas the development of DDS and high effective generic drug might be need relatively low investment with a short time period. Also, one core technology of DDS can be applicable to many drugs for the market needs. From these reasons, the DDS research on potent generic drugs might be suitable for less risk and high return.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.241-250
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• 1997

목 적 : 결핵에 대한 국가결핵관리사업이 시작된 이후 결핵의 점차적으로 감소하고 있기는 하나 최근에 다제내성균결핵환자가 심각할 정도로 증가하고 있다. 다제내성균결핵은 기존의 항결핵제에 잘 반응하지 경향이 있으며 이는 낮은 치료순응도, 2차약제의 높은 부작용 그리고 사용할 수 있는 약제의 수가 많지않은 때문으로 생각된다. 본 연구의 목적은 일개 국립결핵병원에서 입원치료중인 결핵환자의 임상양태를 살펴보고 기존의 결핵치료의 문제점을 파악하여 궁극적으로 다제내성균결핵을 포함한 결핵의 치료효율을 개선시키고자 함이다. 방 법 : 1995년 12월 30일을 기준시점으로 국립마산결핵병원에 임원한 환자 336명을 대상으로 성별 및 나이, 처음결핵을 발견하게된 계기, 가족력, 환자의 생활근거지의 지역별 분포, 과거결핵치료력 등의 역학적 조사와 입원 당시의 주증상, 흉부 X-선 사진상의 병소별 분포, 동반질환 그리고 결핵치료중에 발생한 부작용등 임상양태에 대한 조사와 입원전 사용한 약제별 분류와 약제감수성검사의 결과 등에 대해 descriptive cross-sectional study를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 연령별 분포는 20대에서 50대까지 고른 분포를 보였으며 성별로는 남자가 269예로 압도적으로 많았다. 발견계기별 분포는 보건소가 64.6%로 가장 높았다. 입원당시 주증상으로는 체중감소가 가장 흔했으며 다음으로는 기침, 호흡곤란 등의 순서였다. 흉부 X-선 사진상 병소별 분포는 양측성 병소를 가진 예가 201예로 가장 많았다. 동반질환을 가진 경우가 130예 였는데 그 중 당뇨가 49예로 가장 많았으며 다음으로는 간질환, 정신질환 등의 순서였다. 95예에서 가족력이 있었는데 부모가 결핵을 앓았던 경우가 40예로 가장 많았으며 다음으로는 형제, 부부 등의 순서였다. 결핵을 처음 진단받은 시기별 분포에서 1980년 이전은 31예 였으나 이후 최근으로 오면서 약간씩 증가하는 추세였다. 지역별 분포로는 부산, 경남지역이 압도적으로 많았다. 과거치료력을 가진 258예중 1회의 치료력을 가진 경우는 86예, 2회가 60예 그리고 3회이상이 112예 였다. 과거치료력을 가진 환자의 약제순응도별 분포는 133예만이 규칙적으로 복약하였다. 입원전 사용한 약제별 분포는 INH, EMB, RFP, PZA 등을 사용한 경우가 82예, INH, EMB, RFP 등을 사용한 경우가 50예 였으며 INH, EMB, RFP, PZA 이외 1가지 약제를 더 사용한 경우는 20예, 3가지 이상의 약제를 더 사용한 경우는 97예 였다. 154예를 대상으로 약제감수성검사를 한 결과 5제 이상 내성이 생긴 경우가 77예 였다. 치료도중 발생한 부작용으로는 위장장애가 58예로 가장 많았으며 다음으로는 피부발진 및 소양감 그리고 관절통 등의 순서였다. 결 론 : 원인 모를 체중감소가 있을 때에는 결핵을 의심해 볼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 결핵을 치료할 때 환자에게 결핵의 치료과정에 대해 충분한 설명을 해 줌으로 치료의 순응도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 초치료시 균음전화시기가 늦다든지, 여러가지 상황으로 치료에 실패 할 가능성이 높다든지 환자의 여건상 지속적인 항결핵제 투여가 어렵다고 생각될 때는 수술요법이 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 초치료실패후 재치료약제를 선택할 때는 이전에 사용한 초치료약제와 혼용처방이 되지않도록 주의해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.424-429
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• 2016

비만은 전세계적으로 심각한 문제로 인식되고 있다. 최근 체중감소와 유지를 위한 다이어트제품에 비만치료제와 그 유사물질, 사용금지 성분들이 발견되고 있다. 정부의 감시를 피하기 위하여, 비만치료제의 화학구조를 일부 변형시킨 유사물질이 지속적으로 합성되고 있다. 부정물질이 혼입된 다이어트식품을 신속하게 검사하기 위하여, 국내에서 판매되는 제품과 해외 인터넷 사이트에서 128건의 다이어트제품을 구매하였으며, HPLC-PDA와 LC-MS/MS로 21종의 부정물질을 동시분석하였다. 시험법의 유효성 검증은 선택성, 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 정확성, 정밀성을 검토하였다. 분석결과 31건의 시료에서 부정물질이 검출되었으며, 검출수준은 시부트라민 9.9-135.3 mg/g, 요힘빈 0.2-17.5 mg/g, 이카린 1.8 mg/g이었다. 본 연구의 부정물질 분석법은 간단하면서도 신속한 분석법으로, 식품안전관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2003년도 제2차 연례학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.3-3
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• 2003

With biomedical literature expanding so rapidly, there is an urgent need to discover and organize knowledge extracted from texts. Although factual databases contain crucial information the overwhelming amount of new knowledge remains in textual form (e.g. MEDLINE). In addition, new terms are constantly coined as the relationships linking new genes, drugs, proteins etc. As the size of biomedical literature is expanding, more systems are applying a variety of methods to automate the process of knowledge acquisition and management. In my talk, I focus on the project, GENIA, of our group at the University of Tokyo, the objective of which is to construct an information extraction system of protein - protein interaction from abstracts of MEDLINE. The talk includes (1) Techniques we use fDr named entity recognition (1-a) SOHMM (Self-organized HMM) (1-b) Maximum Entropy Model (1-c) Lexicon-based Recognizer (2) Treatment of term variants and acronym finders (3) Event extraction using a full parser (4) Linguistic resources for text mining (GENIA corpus) (4-a) Semantic Tags (4-b) Structural Annotations (4-c) Co-reference tags (4-d) GENIA ontology I will also talk about possible extension of our work that links the findings of molecular biology with clinical findings, and claim that textual based or conceptual based biology would be a viable alternative to system biology that tends to emphasize the role of simulation models in bioinformatics.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

Gene therapy has emerged as a new concept of therapeutic strategies to treat diseases which do not respond to the conventional therapies. The principle of gene therapy is to Introduce genetic materials into patient cells to produce therapeutic proteins in these cells. Gene therapy is now at the stage where a number of clinical trials have been carried out to patients with gene-deficiency disease or cancer. Genetic materials for gene therapy are generally composed of gene expression system and gene delivery system. For the clinical application of gene therapy in a way which conventional drugs are used, researches have been focused on the design of gene delivery system which can offer high transfection efficiency with minimal toxicity. Currently, viral delivery systems generally provide higher transfection efficiency compared with non-viral delivery systems while non-viral delivery systems are less toxic, less immunogenic and manufacturable in large scale compared with viral systems. Recently, novel strategies towards the design of new non-viral delivery system, combination of viral and non-viral delivery systems and targeted delivery system have been extensively studied. The continued effort in this area will lead us to develop gene medicine as "gene as a drug" in the near future.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2009

Objectives: Traditional Korean herbal formulae are composed of multiple medicinal plants. This situation of multiple-ingredient mixtures has been considered as a major obstacle to new drug development using herbal formulae in the world market, despite the effectiveness of such mixtures. This study reviewed Liv-52 as a representative model of successful drug development using a multiple-herb mixture. Methods: All articles for Liv-52 were collected from the PubMed database. The history, composition of Liv-52, its pharmaceutical efficacy and mechanisms, and data from clinical studies including its market size were analyzed. Results: Liv-52 is composed of seven herbal plants and it is the best known in Ayurvedic medicine for treating liver disorders. Since its 1955 introduction, forty four international papers have been published based on pre-clinical and clinical trials. The efficacy and mechanisms of Liv-52 were intensively studied. Currently, Liv-52 is one of the top-selling products, with over 10 million dollars sales annually, in the world market. Conclusions: These results indicate that Korean herbal formulae could be new global drugs if scientific evidence for efficacy and standardization are produced via literature researches.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제13권3_4호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1998

The use of cisplatin is limited by severe side effects such as renal toxicity. Our platinum-base drug discovery is aimed at developing drugs capable of diminishing toxicity and improving antitumor activity. We synthesized new Pt (II) complex analogue [Pt (cis-DACH)(DPPP)]. 2NO$_3$ (PC) containing cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane as a carrier ligand and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane as a leaving group. Furthermore, nitrate was added to improved the solubility. In this study, its structure was determined and its antitumor activity against SKOV-3 and NIH-OVCAR-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma, and in vitro cytotoxicity was determined against primary cultured rabbit kidney proximal tubular and renal cortical cells of human kidney using colorimetric MTT assay. PC demonstrated acceptable antitumor activity against SKOV-3 and NIH-OVCAR-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma and significant activity as compared with that of cisplatin. The toxicity of PC was found quite less than that of cisplatin using MTT and $^3$H-thymidine uptake tests in rabbit proximal tubular cells and human kidney cortical cells. PC was used for human cortical tissue in 7 weeks hitoculture by the glucose-consumption tests. We determined that the new platinum drug has lower nephrotoxicity than cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) complex compound (PC) represent a valuable lead in the development of a new anticancer chemotherapeutic agent capable of improving antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity.