• Title/Summary/Keyword: neutral line

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Changes in the Nutritional Components and Immune-enhancing Effect of Glycoprotein Extract from Pre- and Post-germinated Barley Seeds (발아 전후 보리 당단백질 추출물의 영양성분 및 면역 활성 변화)

  • Yu, A-Reum;Park, Ho-Young;Hong, Hee-Do;Min, Jin-Young;Choi, Hee-Don
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.511-516
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    • 2015
  • In the present study, we investigated changes in the nutritional components of pre- and post-germinated barley seeds and also investigated their immune-enhancing effects such as production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ on the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Protein and total sugar contents increased slightly with increase in germination time. The major neutral sugars of germinated balrey seeds were arabinose, glucose, and xylose. Glucose content decreased during germination, whereas arabinose and xylose contents increased during germination. Amino acid contents of barley germinated for 24 and 48 hours increased 1.03-fold and 1.24-fold, respectively, compared to that of pre-germinated barley. Moreover, RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with barley germinated for 24 and 48 hours showed higher production of NO, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ compared to that observed in pre-germinated barley. The results of the present study indicate that germinated barley may have immune-enhancing effects derived from its ability to activate RAW 264.7 macrophages, which play a major role in innate immunity.

INVESTIGATION REPORT ON PLANT COMMUNITIES ON YONGZONG ISLAND (영종도의 식물군락연구)

  • 홍원식
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 1958
  • 1. The author investigated on the flora of Yongzong island especially on the point of view of the sociological studies. 2. The author could distinguish kinds of the plant formtion in this island(1). Seaside plant formation (2). Mountain plant formation. 3. The seaside plant formation could be subdivided as follows: (1). Association of Triglochin maritimum LINNE. (2). Association of Suaeda japonica MAKINO. (3). Association of Scirpus triqueter LINNE. (4) Association of Phragmites prosturatus MAKINO. (5). Association of Zoysia japonica STEUDEL. (6). Association of Zoysia sinica HANCE var. tenuis NAKAI ex YAMAMOTO. (7). Assocation of Carex pumila THUNBERG. (8). Association of Rosa rugosa THUNBERG. (9). Association of Pinus Thunbergii PARLATORE. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) associations can grow under the high tide, so when the high tide comes they soaked in the sea water. 4. The mountain plant formation can be subdivided as follows: (1). Association of Quercus aliena BLUME and Platycarya strobilacea STEBOLD & ZUCCARINI. (2). Association of Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS and Platycaryastrobilacea SIEBOLD & ZUCCARINI. (3). Association of Robinia Pseudoeacia LINNE and Platycarya strobilacea SIEBOLD & ZUCCARINI. 5. The plants at the abandoned mine regions are replacing by the association of Robinia Pseudacacia LINNE and Platycarya strobilacea SIEBOLD & ZUCCARINI. 6. Generally I can find that soil which is developed by the seaside plant formation under sea water (when high tide comes, they soaked in the sea water) is over the pH 8.0, so it shows strong alkaline. But the sandy soil behind the tide line shows near the neutral in spite of the same seaside plant formation. In the case of mountain plant formation the soil where they developed show near the pH 6.0, so it is acidity.

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IN VIVO CHANGES OF THE ACIDITY OF VARIOUS DENTAL LINERS (In vivo에서 수종이장재의 산도변화에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Mi-Jeong;Ahn, Yun-Sil;Lee, Yong-Woo;Son, Ho-Hyun;Lee, Kwang-Won
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.433-442
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to observe the changes of acidity of resin cement(Time Line), glass ionomer cement(GC Fugi Lining LC), zinc phosphate cement(Fleck's zinc cement). zinc oxide eugenol cement(Sultan,Chemists.) in vivo and in vitro. Class I cavities with 3mm depth were prepared on the occlusal surfaces of 20 recently extracted human Mn. molar teeth and 20 human Mn. 3rd molar teeth in oral cavity. The prepared cavities were divided into 4 groups of each 5 teeth using the above 4 cavity liners. Each cement was mixed in accordance with manufacturer's direction at the room temperature of $23^{\circ}{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ and filled into the cavity in a width of 1 mm. The microelectrode of pH meter was inserted into the prepared cavity which was filled with mixed cement, and the acidity of cement was measured for 3 days from the beginning of cement mix in vitro and in vivo. The measured acidity was then statistically analyzed by ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. In vitro, the pH of zinc oxide eugenol cement was statistically lower than that of the three other groups at 2min, 4min, 6min, 8min, 10min, 12min, 18min, 20min. (p<0.05). 2. The pH of zinc oxide eugenol cement in vivo was statistically higher than that in vitro at 16min,16min, 20min(p<0.05). 3. The pH of zinc phosphate cement in vivo was statistically higher than that in vitro at 4min, 20min(p<0.05). 4. In vitro and in vivo, there was no significant difference in the pH between the resin cement and the glass ionomer cement(p>0.05). 5. The initial acidity was not high, but almost neutral in all kinds of the cements.

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A Comparative Study on Welfare-Dictatorship Exchange in the East Germany and the North Korea (복지와 독재의 교환에 관한 동독과 북한의 비교연구)

  • Hwang, Gyu Seong
    • 한국사회정책
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.113-139
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    • 2016
  • This article tries to compare exchange relations between welfare and dictatorship in the East Germany and the North Korea. Unlike capitalist welfare aiming at correcting market results socialist welfare has been proposed to satisfy people's basic needs, but it had operated as instrument of dictatorship. Relation between welfare and dictatorship could be distinguished as hard exchange and soft one in line with social construction of welfare. Welfare-dictatorship relation in East Germany had developed from its formation(1949-1970s), crisis(1980s) and dissolution(1989-1990). There had established hard exchange relation in which the legitimacy of dominance had debted to welfare as social rights. While crisis of the exchange relation had been modest in a form of insufficient supply of consumption goods, it was one of the elements of collapse of dictatorship, leading to the unification with West Germany. The journey of the exchange relation in North Korea can be characterized by its formation(1948-1980), crisis(1990s-2000s), and transformation(2010s). Unlike East Germany, welfare was socially constructed as gift form the ruler to the ruled, which made the combination of welfare and dictatorship loosely coupled. Although economic crisis was severe compared to East German one the rulers have succeeded maintaining dictatorial dominance by creating dual exchange relation. They separated core group and subordinated one supporting the former at the expense of the latter. They blocked out most of the people from soft exchange relation making bad use of muddling-through life style dependent on market activities. This strategy led to a 'dictatorship neutral welfare extinction'. Taking the high degree of institutionalization of newly establishing welfare-dictatorship relation into account, lives of most people are hardly expected to be improved by gift by their rulers even if North Korean economy will recover in the future.

A Study on Modeling of Leakage Current in ESS Using PSCAD/EMTDC (PSCAD/EMTDC를 이용한 ESS의 누설전류 모델링에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Ji-Myung;Tae, Dong-Hyun;Lee, Il-Moo;Lim, Geon-Pyo;Rho, Dae-Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.810-818
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    • 2021
  • A leakage current of ESS is classified mainly by the occurrence from a PCS(Power Conditioning System) section and an unbalanced grid current. The reason for the leakage current from the PCS section is a voltage change by IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) switching and stray capacitance between the IGBT and heatsink. The leakage current caused by the grid unbalanced current flows to the ESS through the neutral line of grid-connected transformer for the ESS with a three limb iron type of Yg-wire connection. This paper proposes a mechanism for the occurrence of leakage current caused by stray capacitance, which is calculated using the heatsink formula, from the aspect of the PCS section and grid unbalance current. Based on the proposed mechanisms, this study presents the modeling of the leakage current occurrence using PSCAD/EMTDC S/W and evaluates the characteristics of leakage currents from the PCS section and grid unbalanced current. From the simulation result, the leakage current has a large influence on the battery side by confirming that the leakage current from the PCS is increased from 7[mA] to 34[mA], and the leakage current from an unbalanced load to battery housing is increased from 3.96[mA] to 10.76[mA] according to the resistance of the housings and the magnitude of the ground resistance.

Design and Implementation of Economical Smart Wall Switch with IEEE 802.11b/g/n

  • Myeong-Chul Park;Hyoun-Chul Choi;Cha-Hun Park
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.28 no.8
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    • pp.103-109
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    • 2023
  • In this paper, we propose a smart wall switch based on IEEE 802.11b/g/n standard 2.4GHz band communication. As the 4th industrial era evolves, smart home solution development is actively underway, and application cases for smart wall switches are increasing. Most of the Chinese products that preoccupy the market through price competitiveness use Bluetooth and Zigbee communication switches. However, while ZigBee communication is low power, communication speed is slower than Bluetooth and network configuration through a separate hub is additionally required. The Bluetooth method has problems in that the communication range and speed are lower than Wi-Fi communication, the communication standby time is relatively long, and security is weak. In this study, an IEEE 802.11b/g/n smart wall switch applied with Wi-Fi communication technology was developed. In addition, through the two-wire structure, it is designed so that no additional cost is incurred through the construction of a separate neutral line in the building. The result of the study is more than 30% cheaper than the existing wall switch, so it is judged that it will be able to preoccupy the market not only in terms of technological competitiveness but also price competitiveness.

Ideology, Politics, and Social Science Scholarship on the Responsibility of Intellectuals

  • Koerner, E.F.K.
    • Lingua Humanitatis
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.51-84
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    • 2002
  • The 1990s have seen the publication of many books devoted to Language and Ideology (cf. Joseph & Taylor 1990. for one of the early ones) even though the term 'ideology' itself has remained ill-defined (Woolard 1998). The focus of attention has usually been placed on the particular use of language and often for some kind of 'political' ends, not on linguistic or other scholarship which might have been driven by some sort of ideology, i.e., a bundle of assumptions which themselves were taken as given. At least since Edward Said's 1978 book Orientalism, it has been clear to everyone that scholars construct their conceptualization of things in line with their understanding of the cultural, social, and political world in which they live, and that this often unreflected 'pre-understanding' effects their view of cultures that are different from theirs and more often than not geographically and temporally distant from theirs. This recognition has had a sobering effect no doubt, and Said's book has long since become 'mainstream.' Much more disturbing to the scholarly profession has been the publication of Martin Bernal's Black Athena in 1987, since it went much further, going beyond accusations of colonialism and cultural bias, in suggesting that the Western representation of Classical Greece over the past two hundred years was false and that what had been accepted until now about occidental antiquity must now be seen derived from African-Asiatic cultures of the Near East, notably that of the Ancient Egyptians, and that no other than Socrates should be seen as black man. While we may understand the intellectual climate in the United States that led academics to present 'myth as history' (Lefkowitz 1996), it is obvious that lines of regular scholarly principles of investigation have been crossed (cf Lefkowitz & Rogers 1996). The present paper investigates what may be seen as the ideological underpinnings of such work. After reviewing some recent scholarship in the area of linguistic historiography that have shown that academic work has never been 'value-neutral' (as may have been assumed or has been claimed by some practitioners), it is argued that in effect one must be aware of what Clemens Knobloch has recently termed Resonanzbedarf, i.e., the desire, whether conscious or not, of scholars-and probably scientists, too-to have their work recognized by the educated public and that, in so doing, their discourses tend to pick up on contemporary popular notions. These efforts may be harmless if everyone was to recognize these allusions and adoption of certain lexical. items(buzz words) as props or what Germans call Versatzstiicke, but history tells us that this has not always been the case. Still, as Hutton (1999) has shown, not all scholarship during the Third Reich for example can simply be dismissed as worthless because it was conducted in under a prevailing political ideology. Indeed, in seemingly innocent times, linguists can be shown to frame their argument in a way that makes them appear so utterly superior to their predecessors (cf. Lawson 2001). Upon closer inspection, those discourses turn out to be much like those of scholars in nationalistic environments that have tended to select their 'facts' to prove a particular hypothesis (cf., e.g., Koerner 2001). The article argues for scholars to take a more active role in exploding myths, scientifically unfounded claims, and ideologically driven distortions, especially those that are socially and politically harmful.

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Effects of enzymolysis and fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines on serum component, egg production, and hormone receptor expression in laying hens

  • Mei Hong Jiang;Tao Zhang;Qing Ming Wang;Jin Shan Ge;Lu Lu Sun;Meng Qi Li;Qi Yuan Miao;Yuan Zhao Zhu
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 2024
  • Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of enzymolysis fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) on egg production performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum reproductive hormone levels, and the mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor of laying hens in the late-laying stage. Methods: A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (age, 390 days) were randomly categorized into four groups. Hens in the control (C) group were fed a basic diet devoid of CHMs, the crushed CHM (CT), fermented CHM (FC), and enzymatically fermented CHM (EFT) groups received diets containing 2% crushed CHM, 2% fermented CHM, and 2% enzymatically fermented CHM, respectively. Results: Compared with crushed CHM, the acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of fermented CHM showed improvement (p<0.05); furthermore, the neutral and acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of enzymatically fermented CHM improved (p<0.05). At 5 to 8 weeks, hens in the FC and EFT groups showed increased laying rates, haugh unit, albumin height, yolk color, shell thickness, and shell strength compared with those in the C group (p<0.05). Compared with the FC group, the laying rate, albumin height, and Shell thickness in the EFT group was increased (p<0.05). Compared with the C, CT, and FC groups, the EFT group showed reduced serum total cholesterol and increased serum luteinizing hormone levels and mRNA expressions of follicle stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that the ETF group improved the laying rate and egg quality and regulated the lipid metabolism in aged hens. The mechanism underlying this effect was likely related to cell wall degradation of CHM and increased serum levels of luteinizing hormone and mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor.

A New Auricleless Barley Cultivar "Dami" for Whole Crop Forage (밀식적응 양질 다수성 무엽이 청보리 품종 "다미")

  • Park, Tae-Il;Seo, Jae-Hwan;Han, Ouk-Kyu;Park, Ki-Hun;Choi, Jae-Seong;Kim, Jung-Gon;Park, Jong-Chul;Kim, Hong-Sik;Heo, Hwa-Young;Baek, Seong-Bum;Kwon, Young-Up;Park, Hyoung-Ho;Kang, Moon-Seok;Park, Kwang-Geun;Suh, Sae-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.349-353
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    • 2009
  • We developed a new barley cultivar "Dami" (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the auricleless gene lig (al, li, aur-a). The characteristic of auricleless is a spontaneous mutant type which has known as a monogenic recessive gene. The plant with the gene has erect leaf blades because of no auricle. The cultivar was derived from a cross between 'BGS60' and 'Kangbori'. 'BGS60' has the auricleless gene (li), while 'Kangbori' showed a high biomass with winter hardiness and resistance to BaYMV (Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus). Subsequent generations were handled by the bulk method in a pedigree selection program. A promising line showed both high yield and lodging resistance in the yield trials at Iksan in 2003 to 2004, and designated as Iksan414. The line was subsequently evaluated for winter hardiness, earliness, and yield in the seven locations around Korea for three years from 2005 to 2007 and was designated as "Dami" and released. It has the growth habit of III, erect plant type, green leaf and stem similar to the check cultivar 'Sunwoo' Its heading date was April 30, and maturing date May 31 in paddy field conditions, which were similar to those of 'Sunwoo' respectively. The cultivar Dami was 97 cm in culm length, had 643 spikes per $m^2$ and higher leaf dry weight, and better adaptability to dense planting, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than the check cultivar did. The average forage yield of "Dami" was about 12 ton $ha^{-1}$ in dry matter (33 ton $ha^{-1}$ in fresh matter) in paddy field. "Dami" also showed 7.5% of crude protein content, 28.5% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 50.1% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), and 66.4% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley. This cultivar would be suitable for the area where the daily minimum temperature of January is above $-8^{\circ}C$ in Korean peninsula.

Hydrochemistry and noble gas origin of hot spring waters of Icheon and Pocheon area in Korea (이천 및 포천지역 온천수의 수리화학적 특성 및 영족기체 기원)

  • Jeong, Chan-Ho;Koh, Yung-Kwon;Shin, Seon-Ho;Nagao, Keisuke;Kim, Kyu-Han;Kim, Gun-Young
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.529-541
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    • 2009
  • Hydrochemical, stable isotopic ($\delta^{18}O$ and dD) and noble gas isotopic analyses of seven hot spring water samples, eleven groundwater samples and six surface water samples collected from the Icheon and Pocheon area were carried out to find out hydrochemical characteristics, and to interpret the source of noble gases and the geochemical evolution of the hot spring waters. The hot spring waters show low temperature type ranging from 21.5 to $31.4^{\circ}C$ and the pH value between 6.69 and 9.21. Electrical conductivity of hot spring waters has the range from 310 to $735\;{\mu}S/cm$. Whereas the hot spring water in the Icheon area shows the geochemical characteristics of neutral pH, the $Ca-HCO_3$(or $Ca(Na)-HCO_3$) chemical type and a high uranium content, the hot spring water in the Pocheon area shows the characteristics of alkaline pH, the $Na-HCO_3$ chemical type and a high fluorine content. These characteristics indicate that the hot spring water in the Icheon area is under the early stage in the geochemical evolution, and that the hot spring water in the Pocheon area has been geochemically evolved. The $\delta^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$ values of hot spring waters show the range of $-10.1{\sim}-8.69%o$ and from $-72.2{\sim}-60.8%o$, respectively, and these values supply the information of the recharge area of hot spring waters. The $^3He/^4He$ ratios of the hot spring waters range from $0.09\;{\times}\;10^{-6}$ to $0.65\;{\times}\;10^{-6}$ which are plotted above the mixing line between air and crustal components. Whereas the helium gas in the Icheon hot spring water was mainly provided from the atmospheric source mixing with the mantle(or magma) origin, the origin of helium gas in the Pocheon hot spring water shows a dominant crustal source. $^{40}Ar/^{36}Ar$ ratios of hot spring water are in the range of an atmosphere source.