• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.620-636
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• 2015

Survivability is a necessary property of network system in disturbed environment. Recovery ability is a key actor of survivability. This paper concludes network survivability into a novel composite metric, i.e. Network Recovery Degree (NRD). In order to measure this metric in quantity, a concept of Source-Destination Pair (SD Pair), is created to abstract end-to-end activity based on end nodes in network, and the quality of SD Pair is also used to describe network performance, such as connectivity, quality of service, link degree, and so on. After that, a Survivability Test method in large scale Network based on SD pairs, called STNSD, is provided. How to select SD Pairs effectively in large scale network is also provided. We set up simulation environment to validate the test method in a severe destroy scenario and evaluate the method scalability in different large scale network scenarios. Experiment and analysis shows that the metric NRD correctly reflects the effort of different survivability strategy, and the proposed test method STNSD has good scalability and can be used to test and evaluate quantitative survivability in large scale network.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.791-797
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• 2001

After brain injury, patients show a wide range in the degree of recovery. By a variety of mechanisms, the human brain is constantly undergoing plastic changes. Spontaneous recovery from brain injury in the chronic stage omes about because of plasticity. The brain regions are altered. resulting in functionally modified cortical network. This review cnsidered the neural plasticity from cellular and molecular mechanisms of synapse formation to behavioural recovery from brain injury in elderly humans. The stimuli required to elicit plasticity are thought to be activity-dependent elements. especially exercise and learning. Knowledge about the physiology of brain plasticity has led to the development of methods for rehabilitation.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2007

Stroke is the second most significant disease leading to death in Korea. The conventional therapeutic approach is mainly based on physical training, however, it usually provides the limited degree of recovery of the normal brain function. The electric stimulation therapy is a novel and candidate approach with high potential for stroke recovery. The feasibility was validated by preliminary rat experiments in which the motor function was recovered up to 80% of the normal performance level. It is thought to improve the neural plasticity of the nerve tissues around the diseased area in the stroked brain. However, there are not so much research achievements in the electric stimulation for stroke recovery as for the Parkinson's disease or Epilepsy. This study aims at the developments of a wireless variable pulse generator using ZigBee communication for future implantation into human brain. ZigBee is widely used in wireless personal area network (WPAN) and home network applications due to its low power consumption and simplicity. The developed wireless pulse generator controlled by ZigBee can generate various electric stimulations without any distortion. The electric stimulation includes monophasic and biphasic pulse with the variation of shape parameters, which can affect the level of recovery. The developed system can be used for the telerehabilitation of stroke patient by remote control of brain stimulation via ZigBee and internet. Furthermore, the ZigBee connection used in this study provides the potential neural signal transmission method for the Brain-Machine Interface (BMI).

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.263-268
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• 2010

Thermal characterization of geomaterials has significant implication on the geothermal energy, disposal of nuclear wastes, geological sequestration of carbon dioxides and recovery of hydrocarbon resources. Heat transfer in multiphase materials is dominated by the thermal conductivity of consisting components, porosity, degree of saturation and overburden pressure, which have been investigated by the empirical correlation at macro-scale. The thermal measurement by Transient Plane Source (TPS) and associated algorithm for interpretation of thermal behavior in geomaterials corroborate the robustness of sensing techniques. The method simultaneously provides thermal conductivity, diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity. The newly introduced thermal network model enables estimating thermal conductivity of geomaterials subjected to the effective stress, which has not been evaluated using previous thermal models. The proposed methods shows the applicability of reliability of TPS technique and thermal network model.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2017

Objectives It is well known that problem drinking is associated with alterations of brain structures and functions. Brain functions related to alcohol consumption can be determined by the resting state functional connectivity in various resting state networks (RSNs). This study aims to ascertain the alcohol effect on the structures forming predetermined RSNs by assessing their cortical thickness. Methods Twenty-six abstinent male patients with alcohol dependence and the same number of age-matched healthy control were recruited from an inpatient mental hospital and community. All participants underwent a 3T MRI scan. Averaged cortical thickness of areas constituting 7 RSNs were determined by using FreeSurfer with Yeo atlas derived from cortical parcellation estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. Results There were significant group differences of mean cortical thicknesses (Cohen's d, corrected p) in ventral attention (1.01, < 0.01), dorsal attention (0.93, 0.01), somatomotor (0.90, 0.01), and visual (0.88, 0.02) networks. We could not find significant group differences in the default mode network. There were also significant group differences of gray matter volumes corrected by head size across the all networks. However, there were no group differences of surface area in each network. Conclusions There are differences in degree and pattern of structural recovery after abstinence across areas forming RSNs. Considering the previous observation that group differences of functional connectivity were significant only in networks related to task-positive networks such as dorsal attention and cognitive control networks, we can explain recovery pattern of cognition and emotion related to the default mode network and the mechanisms for craving and relapse associated with task-positive networks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4023-4043
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• 2016

Network virtualization has been regarded as a core attribute of the Future Internet. In a network virtualization environment (NVE), multiple heterogeneous virtual networks can coexist on a shared substrate network. Thus, a substrate network failure may affect multiple virtual networks. In this case, it is increasingly critical to provide survivability for the virtual networks against the substrate network failures. Previous research focused on mechanisms that ensure the resilience of the virtual network. However, the resource efficiency is still important to make the mapping scheme practical. In this paper, we study the survivable virtual network embedding mechanisms against substrate link and node failure from the perspective of improving the resource efficiency. For substrate link survivability, we propose a load-balancing and re-configuration strategy to improve the acceptance ratio and bandwidth utilization ratio. For substrate node survivability, we develop a minimum cost heuristic based on a divided network model and a backup resource cost model, which can both satisfy the location constraints of virtual node and increase the sharing degree of the backup resources. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the solutions. The proposed load balancing and re-configuration strategy for substrate link survivability outperforms other approaches in terms of acceptance ratio and bandwidth utilization ratio. And the proposed minimum cost heuristic for substrate node survivability gets a good performance in term of acceptance ratio.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1422-1437
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• 2019

With the rapid development of the Internet and the Mobile Internet, social communication based on the network has become a life style for many people. WeChat is an online social platform, for about one billion users, therefore, it is meaningful to study the spreading and evolution mechanism of the rumor on the WeChat social circle. The Rumor was injected into the WeChat social circle by certain individuals, and the communication and the evolution occur among the nodes within the circle; after the refuting-rumor-information injected into the circle, subsequently,the density of four types of nodes, including the Susceptible, the Latent, the Infective, and the Recovery changes, which results in evolving the WeChat social circle system. In the study, the evolution characteristics of the four node types are analyzed, through construction of the evolution equation. The evolution process of the rumor injection and the refuting-rumor-information injection is simulated through the structure of the virtual social network, and the evolution laws of the four states are depicted by figures. The significant results from this study suggest that the spreading and evolving of the rumors are closely related to the nodes degree on the WeChat social circle.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2023

홍수는 전 세계적으로 가장 빈번한 자연재해 중 하나로, 국내의 경우 지구온난화의 진행, 불투수면적의 증가, 기존 시가지 내 치수시설 확충의 한계 등 복합적인 요인으로 인하여 도시침수 발생 확률은 크게 증가하고 있다. 하지만 도시침수 방지를 위한 설계홍수량의 상향 및 대규모 토목공사는 사회·경제적으로 전 국민적인 동의를 받기 어렵다. 따라서 자연재해에 대해 지역공동체가 사회·경제적으로 감당 가능한 수준으로 대비를 하되, 신속한 복구를 통해 재해 이후 원래의 상태로 되돌아가는 능력인 회복도의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이에 도시회복도에 관한 다양한 연구가 수행되어지고 있지만 도시의 필수적인 서비스를 제공하는 라이프라인과 연관된 회복도 측정법은 미비한 상황이다. 특히 라이프라인 중 도로네트워크는 자연재해 발생 시 복구자원 수송과 신속한 복구를 진행하기 위한 중요한 시설인 만큼 도로네트워크는 도시의 회복도를 측정할 때 반드시 고려해야하는 주요 요소이다. 따라서 본 연구는 회복도 특성 및 도로네트워크 기반의 회복도 평가법을 제시하고 도로네트워크가 도시회복도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제9C권4호
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• pp.563-572
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• 2002

무선 이동 네트워크에서 대부분의 패킷 손실은 네트워크 체증(congestion)보다는 전송(propagation) 오류에 의해 발생된다. 이러한 전송 오류에 의한 패킷 손실을 방지하여 전송 효율을 향상하기 위해 무선 네트워크에서는 FEC(Forward Error Correction)알고리즘을 채택하고 있다. 그러나 정적인 FEC방식은 연속적으로 변화하는 무선 채널의 전송 오류율에 알맞은 정정 코드(check code)를 채택하지 못해 도리어 전송 효율이 저하되는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위해서는 채널의 상태에 따라 FEC를 동적으로 변경하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문은 무선 채널 특성의 이론적 분석과 저 출력 라디오파를 이용하는 센서(sensor) 네트워크상에서의 실험적 측정을 통해서, 적응적 FEC 기법이 무선 네트워크의 전송 성능을 향상시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 전송 에러률이 $10^{-3}$ 정도로 상당히 오류가 많은 무선 네트워크에서 적용할 수 있는 적응적 FEC 기법, FECA(FEC-level Adaption)기법을 제안한다. 마지막으로 FEC 알고리즘의 성능 비교를 위해 패킷 시뮬레이션에서 비트 레벨(bit-level) 오류를 시뮬레이션할 수 있는 통합 시뮬레이션 기법을 소개한다. 통합 시뮬레이션을 통해 FECA는 정적 FEC에 비해서 지속적으로 무선 채널 오류률에 알맞는 FEC 정정 코드를 채택하여 성능을 향상시키는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.755-763
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• 2003

전파(propagation) 오류가 빈번한 무선 이동 네트워크에서는 전송 성능을 향상하기 위해 FEC(Forward Error Correction)알고리즘을 채택한다. 그러나 정적인 FEC방식은 연속적으로 변화하는 전파 오류율에 알맞은 정정 코드(check code)를 적용하지 못해 성능이 저하된다. 본 논문에서는 변화하는 무선 채널의 전파 오류율에 따라 FEC의 정정도를 알맞게 결정하는 링크 계층용 적응적 FEC기법인 FECA(FEC-level Adaptation)를 제안한다. FECA는 오류율이 높고, 오류율이 천천히 변화하는 무선 환경에 알맞은 알고리즘이다. 일례로 전파 간섭이 있는 환경에서 센서(sensor) 네트워크는 평균 오류율이 $10^{-6}$이상이며 오류율이 평균 수백 밀리초 이상 지속되는 것으로 관찰되었다. FECA는 분석적인 무선채널 시뮬레이션과 패킷 트레이스 기반(trace-driven) 시뮬레이션에서 정적 FEC 알고리즘에 비해 최대 15%이상 성능을 향상하였다.