• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of respiratory muscle and lung capacity during deep breathing with electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. Methods: This study was conducted on 30 healthy adults in their 20s. Subjects were randomly performed to deep breathing or deep breathing with vagus nerve electrical stimulation. All subjects' diaphragm and internal oblique muscle activity were measured during deep breathing by electromyography, and lung capacity was measured by spirometry immediately after beep breathing. In the vagus nerve stimulation method, the surface electrode was cut into the left ear and then electrically stimulated using a needle electric stimulator. Results: The activity of diaphragm was significantly increased in deep breathing with vagus nerve electrical stimulation than in deep breathing. However, lung capacity did not show any significant difference according to the condition. Conclusion: Vagus nerve electrical stimulation could induce diaphragm activity more than deep breathing alone. Deep breathing with vagus nerve electrical stimulation may enhance the activity of the respiratory muscles and is expected to be an effective treatment for the elderly or COPD patients with poor breathing ability.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

Nerve conduction impairment in lead neuropathy has been empirically linked to altered nerve myo-inositol metabolism. In most cases of neuropathy, abnormal myo-inositol metabolism is associated with abnormal $Na^+/K^+$ATPase provides a potential mechanism to relate defects of the myo-inositol metabolism in the peripheral nerve treated with lead. Therefore, the effect of lead on the rat sciatic nerve $Na^+/K^+$ATPase and other ATPase of sciatic nerve was studied. ATPase activity was measured enzymatically in sciatic nerve homogenates from 2-wk lead treated neuropathy rats and age-mached controls administered myo-inositol. $Na^+/K^+$ATPase components were assessed by ouabain inhibition or the omission of sodium and potassium ions. Lead reduced 50% reduction in the $Na^+/K^+$ATPase activity in homogenates of sciatic nerve. The 50% reduction in the $Na^+/K^+$ ATPase activity was selectively prevented by myo-inositol treatment. This study suggests that the toxic mechanism of the lead on peripheral nerve may be through reduction in $Na^+/K^+$ATPase activity which has been linked to axonal transport slowing in the rat model of lead neuropathy, via direct changes by the perturbation of the intracelluar sodium or potasium level.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2000

The preventive effects of sodium molybdate on the acute toxicity of lead were studied by investigating tissue accumulation of lead, changes of nerve conduction velocity and concentrations of metabolites related to function of sciatic nerve in rats treated with lead, sodium molybdate and both, respectively. In lead-intoxicated rat, the conduction velocity, myo-inositol concentration and $Na^{+}/K^{+}$ ATPase activity of sciatic nerve were decreased by about 33 %, 48 % and 58 %, respectively. However, sodium molybdate treatment significantly normalized the conduction velocity, $Na^{+}/K^{+}$ ATPase activity and myo-inositol concentration of sciatic nerve in lead-intoxicated rat. Also, sodium molybdate treatment decreased the contents of lead in blood and sciatic nerve through promotion of urinary excretion of lead. But sodium molybdate treatment did not affect the glucose concentration in sciatic nerve. These results suggest that sodium molybdate prevented peripheral neuropathy not only by reducing lead contents in sciatic nerve and blood, but also by enhancing $Na^{+}/K^{+}$ ATPase activity in sciatic nerve.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.409-415
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• 2015

This study compared the heart rate variability tests of healthy college students and chronic fatigue patients for 2 years. Study subjects were idiopathic chronic fatigue patients who carried out the HRV tests and students conducted HRV test when health screening test. Study subjects were 250 people, 104 people and men (41.6%), women were 146 patients (58.4%). In patient group, the autonomic nervous system activity was decreased, the activity of the sympathetic nerve and the parasympathetic nerve were significantly reduced compared to the control group(Patient:84.17±16.27, Control:98.33±17.28). Regardless of gender, patient group's autonomic nervous system activity was decreased, the activity of the sympathetic nerve and the parasympathetic nerve were significantly reduced, compared to the control group(Patient Female:84.17±16.27, Patient Male:84.07±14.96/Control Female:98.33±17.28, Control Male:96.45±16.92). Even though same ages, patient group's autonomic nervous activity was reduced compared to control group(Patient:89.36±12.43, Control:97.39±16.91). Fatigue patients' activity of the sympathetic nerve and the parasympathetic nerve were significantly reduced, regardless of the fact that activity of the sympathetic nerve is increased and the parasympathetic nerve is decreased in stress state like an impassioned injury(七情傷). Therefore HRV test is useful to diagnose Fatigue from this study.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.273-283
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• 2024

Background: This study evaluated the effect of remimazolam and propofol on changes in autonomic nerve activity caused by surgical stimulation during orthognathic surgery, using power spectrum analysis of blood pressure variability (BPV) and heart rate variability (HRV), and their respective associations with cardiovascular fluctuations. Methods: A total of 34 patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy were randomized to the remimazolam (Group R, 17 cases) or propofol (Group P, 17 cases) groups. Observables included the low-frequency component of BPV (BPV LF; index of vasomotor sympathetic nerve activity), high-frequency component of HRV (HRV HF; index of parasympathetic nerve activity), balance index of the low- and high-frequency components of HRV (HRV LF/HF; index of sympathetic nerve activity), heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Four observations were made: (1) baseline, (2) immediately before down-fracture, (3) down-fracture, and (4) 5 min after down-fracture. Data from each observation period were compared using a two-way analysis of variance with a mixed model. A Bonferroni multiple comparison test was performed in the absence of any interaction. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test was performed when a significant interaction was observed between time and group, with P < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: Evaluation of autonomic nerve activity in comparison with baseline during down-fracture showed a significant increase in BPV LF (P < 0.001), an increasing trend in HRV LF/HF in Group P, and an increasing trend in HRV HF in Group R. There were no significant differences in HR or SBP between the two groups. Conclusion: During down-fracture of Le Fort I osteotomy, sympathetic nerve activity was predominant with propofol anesthesia, and parasympathetic nerve activity was predominant with remimazolam anesthesia.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1992

The intradental nerve activity was recorded from single pulp nerve unit dissected from the inferior alveolar nerve in canine teeth of anesthetized cats. The effects of various test solutions on intradental nerve activity evoked by 4M NaCl applied to the deep dentinal cavities were investigated. 1. Total 15 single pulp nerve units were recorded. Of these 9 were Mi - fibers and 6 were C -fibers. The mean conduction velocity and electrical threshold of $A{\delta}$ - fiber were $6.3{\pm}3.7m/sec$, $1.2{\pm}0.7V$ and those of C - fiber were $1.0{\pm}0.2m/sec$, $2.3{\pm}1.3V$, respectively. The response to cold stimuli of $A{\delta}$ - fiber began immediately and that of C - fiber began after a latency. 2. When applied to deep dentinal cavity, 4M NaCl induced irregular bursts of action potential in 4 $A{\delta}$ - fibers and 3 C - fibers, which continued until the solution was washed away. 3. In the $A{\delta}$ - fiber, histamine failed to induce any nerve acitivity and did not produce an increase in intradental nerve activity evoked by 4M NaCl. However following the application of 1M KCl, the response to 4M NaCl was eliminated. 4. In the C - fiber, histamine generated some nerve activity and produced a significant increase in intradental nerve activity evoked by 4M NaCl, but 5M $CaCl_2$ did not abolish this enhandced response.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2003

The basic mechanism for the excitation of the peripheral vestibular receptors following acute hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or hemorrhage was investigated in anesthetized rats. Electrical activity of the afferent vestibular nerve was measured after pretreatment with kynurenic acid, an NMDA receptor antagonist. The activity of the vestibular nerve at rest following acute hypotension induced by SNP or simulating hemorrhage was a greater increase than in control animals. The gain of the vestibular nerve with sinusoidal rotation following acute hypotension increased significantly compared to control animals. The acute hypotension induced by SNP or hemorrhage did not change the activity of the afferent vestibular nerve after kynurenic acid injection. These results suggest that acute hypotension produced excitation of the vestibular hair cells via glutamate excitotoxicity in response to ischemia.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

This study conducts eccentric exercise ti non-dominant elbow flexor of 20 persons in order to examine the effects of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on sympathetic nerve activity in delayed onset muscle soreness, induces delayed onset muscle soreness, divides them into 10 persons respectively as experimental and control groups. And a stimulation for 2 min. with 100 pps is given to elbow flexor after repeated three times of 10 minutes rest, temperature, blood pressure and pulse are measured and as a result of two-way ANOVA, change of temperature didn't show a significant difference according to the elapse of times(p>0.05) and systolic pressure and pulses in showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups(p<0.05). These results suggest that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation has a direct or indirect influence on sympathetic nerve activity in delayed onset muscle soreness under a restricted condition of electrical stimulation.

• 전기의세계
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.66-71
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• 1979

This paper describes electrical analysis of the information processing of the nervous system. A general-purpose electrical neuronal model for simulating the electrical activity in a single nerve cell and in small groups of nerve cell has constructed. This model consists of two basic electronic modules to represent respectively a "cell body" and an "axon (with synapses)", together with various related appurtenances. The primary advantages of this method are; holistic view, actual physical representation of various electrical activities in a single nerve cell, display of the activity of all nerve cells flexibility with respect to network parameters. Moreover, this model can effectively help push forward our general ability to explore and conceptualize the electrical activity of interconnected networks of nerve cell behaving in concert. Also, this electronic module technique is the best of various means for this task of realistic representation of aggregates of neurons.gregates of neurons.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 1996

Effects of water extract of aloe vera on lead-induced neurotoxicity were investigated in sciatic nerve isolated from rat. The mechanism on toxicity reduction by measuring activities of axonal enzymes, metabolism of myo-inositol in nerve, lead concentration in several organs and so on were further examimed. In the lead-treated rats, the transport rate of axonal enzyme, such as acetyl cholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase, was reduced by from 50% to 30% respectively. Reduction in myo-inositol concentration and $Na^+/K^+$ ATPase activity were also observed in sciatic nerve from lead-treated rat. However, the aloe extract administration significantly eliminated the impairment and maintained myo-inositol concentration to about 85% of normal level. Also aloe extract promoted the excretion rate of lead which is accumulated in blood, sciatic nerve and kidney. These results suggest that lead-induced neurotoxicity was significantly reduced by administration of aloe extract and the mechanism might be partly increase in kidney excretion rate of lead and parity normalization of $Na^+/K^+$ ATPase activity which is critical factor in order to keep nerve maintaining normal myo-inositol level.