• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.32-39
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• 2010

Hydrogen is sustainable energy without environment pollution. In this study, experiments and analysis of hydrogen generation from gases methanol and ethanol using cylindrical barrier discharge reactor was carried out. The discharge reactor to generate hydrogen molecules used in this work is one type of Non-thermal Plasma (NTP) reactors and neon-transformer as power source to make a plasma was used. Hydrogen concentrations were measured as parameters of applied voltage, concentrations of methanol and ethanol, and flow rates of carrier gases($N_2$). Hydrogen generation increased according to applied voltage and produced largely in case of methanol compared with ethanol. It is thought that the reason is deeply related with those different chemical structures. Energy yield of hydrogen generation in case of ethanol decreases according to increasing applied voltage, but that in case of methanol has a peak at applied voltage of 22[kV] and decreased. Specifically, hydrogen generation increased with increasing applied voltage, but low voltage was better, which is the best parameter in the aspects of energy efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2007

Hair style was mean of visual symbol that display position or wealth about human life. Also, have spoken for cultural value as human body plastic art that speak for the age. I wished to study about modeling of hair style and interrelationship of color by analyzing systematically laying stress on color through contest creation work consisted in beauty art congress. Urpose of this study is as following. First, examines domestic' outside great council work head change by era, and studies Hair Work's change in work head. Second, Hair Color's change that appear in domestic' outside contest work head studies effect that get in work. Method of study runs parallel literature study and supporting research, utilized domestic' outside literature, connection paper, magazine, picture data etc. To literature study, and work picture data examined laying stress on work that is choosesed picture dataworld beauty use association (OMC) data etc. that appear in domestic' outside beauty art magazine to examine closely specification and stability of beauty art game style and participates in domestic and world beauty art contest. In this study, domestic' characteristic, and effect that collar gets in work head of collar that collects outside contest participating in an athletic contest hair style by ($1981{\sim}$until present) by year and appears in contest work head and in work since analyzing study forward $2007{\sim}2008$ year direction of collar. First, stream of whole color of the 1980s Brown gave highlight color point partially to basis, and was consisted of creative style and do Gold base color on the whole in Hair by Night item. Second, various Hair color was popularized in the 199Os, and Tuton's color appeared in beauty art game work, and I contributed to improve technique that step-up gradation color appears and does technique to highlight in neon orange in creative style and Hair by Night item by entrance on the stage of neuter gender color.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 1994

Since its introduction, low level lasers have been utilized in many varied clinical applications for the treatment of musculoskeletal and body surface lesions. Due to the laser beams specific characteristic-coherence, monochromaticity and unidirectionality, without adverse reaction with neighbouring tissue, physicians have used it with relative ease. We observed accelerating effects of healing process of some intractable skin wound, improvement of graft survival, as well as reduction of pain on ulcerating tissues, by treating twice weekly with low level Helium-Neon(He-Ne) and Infrared(IR) laser. The laser's energy density was set at $1\;J/cm^2$ and a fixed frequency of 600 Hz by continuous scanning. Irradiating time was calculated according to the cross diameter of the wound. Further clinical work will be required to evaluate the accelerated healing processes by biostimulating mechanisms of laser ray, especially for the intractable(diabetic) skin ulceration.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2016

Background: To investigate how many rookie pitchers suffered from injuries while playing in the amateur league without guidelines for prevention of excessive pitching, we analyzed their amateur pitching patterns based on the pitch count, use of breaking balls, and pitches during winter camp. Methods: Forty-one rookie pitchers who graduated from high school or university in 2013 and joined professional baseball teams. Participants were interviewed by a trainer using our questionnaire. Injury inclusion criteria were 1) history of shoulder surgery, 2) history of elbow surgery, 3) shoulder pain requiring treatment, and 4) elbow pain requiring treatment. Results: Mean number of pitches per game and warm-up pitches for practice was 84.5 pitches (range, 15 to 130 pitches) and 16.4 pitches (range, 2 to 210 pitches), respectively. Mean number of pitches during the last year was 906.9 (range, 80 to 2,000). Mean number of maximal pitches was 127 pitches (range, 50 to 210 pitches). Fourteen pitchers had pitched over 150 pitches. Twenty-seven pitchers (65.9%) had pitched in spite of enduring pain. During winter training (mean 1.8 months), mean number of pitches per day was 162.5 pitches, and 20 pitchers (48.8%) had practiced pitching excessively despite the cold weather. Twenty-six rookies (63.4%) had shoulder pain or history of shoulder surgery, and 31 pitchers (75.6%) had elbow pain or history of elbow surgery. Only four participants (9.8%) did not have pain and history of surgery. Conclusions: For young baseball pitchers, guidelines for prevention of excessive pitching and for regulating the winter training program may be needed.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1166-1172
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• 2018

Degradation due to delamination occurs frequently in the high temperature superconductors (HTS) coil of rotating machines made with 2nd generation (2G) HTS wire, and the authors have observed other similar cases. Since an HTS field coil for a rotating machine is required to have stable current control and maintain a steady state, co-winding techniques for insulation material and epoxy resin for shape retention and heat transfer improvement are applied during coil fabrication. However, the most important limiting factor of this technique is delamination, which is known to be caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the epoxy resin and 2G HTS wire. Therefore, in this study, the experimental results of mixing the ratio of epoxy resin and alumina ($Al_2O3$) filler were applied to the fabrication of small and large test coils to solve the problem of degradation. For the verification of this scheme, eight prototypes of single pancake coils with different shapes were fabricated. They showed good results. The energization and operation maintenance tests of the stacked coils were carried out under liquid neon conditions similar to the operation temperature of an MW-class rotating machine. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the alumina powder mixed with epoxy resin in an appropriate ratio is an effective solution of de-lamination problem of 2G HTS coil.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2018

Format preserving encryption(FPE) performs encryption with preserving the size and format of plain-text. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the structural change of the database before and after the encryption. For example, when encrypting data such as credit card number or social security number, it is possible to maintain the existing database structure because FPE outputs the same form of cipher-text as plain-text. Currently, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommends FF1 and FF3 as standards for FPE. Recently, in Korea, FEA, which is a very efficient FPE algorithm, has been adopted as the standard of FPE. In this paper, we analyze FEA and measure the performance of FEA by optimizing it in various environments.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine fashion trends and the direction of the four fashion collections by analyzing the design key-words of the four major international fashion collections in 2018. The data of this study was collected by extracting the key-words from Marie Claire Korea in 2018, with the total of the collected data numbering 2,144. The data was analyzed by text mining using the R program and word-cloud, and a co-occurrence network analysis was conducted. The results of this study are as follows: First, the key-words of fashion collection designs in 2018 were fringe and ruffle detail, silk and denim fabric, vivid color, stripe and check pattern, pants suit item, and oversized silhouette, focusing on romanticism and sport. Second, seasonal characteristics of the fashion collections were pastel colors in S/S, primary and vivid colors in F/W. Details were embroidery and cutouts in S/S, patchwork and fringe in F/W. Third, the design trends of the four major fashion collections were presented in the Paris collection: stripes, check patterns, embroidery, lace, tailoring, draping, romanticism, and glamor. In the Milan collection, checks, prints, denim, and minidresses reflected sport and romanticism. The London collection included fringe, ruffles, floral patterns, flower patterns, and romanticism. The New York collections included vivid colors, neon colors, pastel colors, oversize silhouettes, bodysuits, and long dresses.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2021

Background: In the field of dentistry, topical anesthetics play an important role in reducing pain during needle pricks. The anesthetic property of betel leaves remain unexplored, even though they have been widely used for the treatment of various ailments. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate pain perception following topical application of lignocaine gel, clove gel, ice, and newly developed betel leaf extract gel during intraoral injection in children. Methods: Sixty children aged 6-10 years who met the inclusion criteria were divided into four groups. Topical anesthetic agents, 2% lignocaine (Lox-2% Jelly, Neon, Mumbai, India), 4.7% clove gel (Pain Out Dental Gel, Colgate Palmolive India Ltd, Solan, India), 10% betel leaf extract gel, and ice were applied to each group for one min, followed by administration of infiltration anesthesia. Pain perception was analyzed during needle insertion. The Wong Bakers FACES pain rating scale (WBFPRS) was used for subjective assessment and the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale for objective assessment. Recorded values were tabulated and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis using SPSS software with a P value set at 0.05. Results: The clove oil and betel leaf groups demonstrated the highest WBFPRS scores, followed by the ice and lignocaine groups. The clove, betel leaf extract, and ice groups showed equal and highest SEM scores, followed by the lignocaine group. The mean WBFPRS and mean SEM scores were statistically significant. Conclusion: Betel leaf extract gel is effective in reducing pain and can act as an alternative topical anesthetic agent.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2019

Proximal humerus fracture can be defined as a fracture that occurs in the surgical neck or proximal part of the humerus. Despite the appropriate treatment, however, various complications and sequelae can occur, and the treatment is quite difficult often requiring surgical treatment, such as a shoulder replacement. The classification of sequelae after a proximal humerus fracture is most commonly used by Boileau and can be divided into two categories and four types. Category I is an intracapsular impacted fracture that is not accompanied by important distortions between the tuberosities and humeral head. An anatomic prosthesis can be used without greater tuberosity osteotomy. In category I, there are type 1 with cephalic collapse or necrosis with minimal tuberosity malunion and type 2 related to locked dislocation or fracture-dislocation. Category II is an extracapsular dis-impacted fracture with gross distortion between the tuberosities and the humeral head. To perform an anatomic prosthesis, a tuberosity osteotomy should be performed. In category II, there are type 3 with nonunion of the surgical neck and type 4 with severe tuberosity malunion. In type 1, non-constrained arthroplasty (NCA) without a tuberosity osteotomy should be considered as a treatment. On the other hand, reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) should be considered if types 1C or 1D accompanied by valgus or varus deformity or severe fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff. In general, the results are satisfactory when NCA is performed in type 2 sequelae. On the other hand, RSA can be considered as an option when there is no bony defect of the glenoid and a defect of the rotator cuff is accompanied. In type 3, it would be effective to perform internal fixation with a bone wedge graft rather than shoulder replacement arthroplasty. Recent reports on the results of RSA are also increasing. On the other hand, recent reports suggest that good results are obtained with RSA in type 3. In type 4, RSA should be considered as a first option.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.129-139
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• 1999

This paper analyzes the trend of fashion and make-up in 1990s and their relevancy to each other. Based on the chronological analysis, we propose a new category for the fashion and make-up trend in 1990s, which is 1) traditional ecology period(1990∼1994), 2) versatile trial or decadent period(1995∼1997), and 3) soft landing period based on the minimal neo-ecology and romanticism(1998∼2000). Between 1990 and 1994, there was no differentiation in seasons. It appeared that spring/summer and fall/winter trend have had no big differences. At the beginning in 1990s, it was basically based on ecology concept that emphasizes the natural image. However after 1995, seasonal differences in trend are appeared and there were various make-up designs. The trends of spring/summer in 1996 could be named as color revolution period that emphasized the unique and individual expression of each person. In 1997, black, pastel, and brown colors were the result of reinterpreting the classic and sexy images of 1960s to natural and modernistic image of 1997. Purple color started to be introduced to us. In 1998, pastel tone, pink, and purple color expresses the glamorous look based on the romantic feminism. S/S of 1999 is mainly represented by minimalism and avant garde. For fall/winter trends, brown color lines make-up comes to mix with romantic image and developed into wine, orange, neon colors in 1995 and 1996. These colors were the symbol of property and sentiment. Gold make-up emphasizing the eye area was the tendency of that period. In 1997, the fear of coming end of century was expressed as decadent image. At that time, ethnic and romantic image appeared with vivid color lines, gold, red and violet. In 1998, romanticism was popular again with modernism and ethnic mood. It expressed the romantic elegant image. The trend has returned to the ecology mood again in 1999. This ecology is somewhat different from the previous ecology. It adds a sofistaiced feeling and sportic fashion. To express natural and sportic image, they choose pink blush. In coming 2000 as a new millennium, the yellow color will be main the stream to express vision, dream, and happiness in both fashion and make-up as an accent color. The minimal design and minimal tools will be used for the design and make-up, respectively. In addition, the fusion concept will dominate the fashion and make-up industry in the globalized and boundariless age. Through this paper, we hope that make-up can be accepted as a part of total fashion in its relationship with other elements such as shoes, clothes and accessory and that it can be considered as a independent art that has direct influence on people and industry.