• Journal of Endocrine Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2018

Purpose: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family plays a crucial role in the growth of malignant tumors. EGFR and human EGFR 2 (HER2) protein overexpression are associated with an unfavorable prognosis and are important therapeutic targets in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between EGFR and HER2 expression and clinicopathological factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) at a single institution. Methods: A total of 129 consecutive patients with PTC were enrolled in this study and underwent thyroid surgery between October 2013 and February 2015. EGFR and HER2 protein expression was evaluated in the 129 primary tumors by immunohistochemistry, and the results were compared with the clinicopathological features. Results: Of the 129 PTC tumors, 20 (15.5%) were HER2 positive, and 109 (84.5%) were HER2 negative. Moreover, EGFR positivity were observed in 111 (86%) tumors. The mean age of the patients was $46.3{\pm}11.9years$ (range, 20-74 years), and the mean tumor size was $1.08{\pm}0.75cm$ (range, 0.2-3.5 cm). Tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, histological subtype, and TNM stage were not significantly associated with EGFR or HER2 expression. Meanwhile, high Ki-67 labeling index was significantly associated with EGFR expression (P=0.002), HER2 expression was significantly associated with younger age (${\leq}45years$) and cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Based on our data, it is not clear whether EGFR and HER2 expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness in PTC.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2019

Objective : Silent corticotroph adenomas (SCA) are endocrine-inactive pituitary adenomas with positive immunohistochemistry staining for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We investigated whether SCA-associated clinical profiles were more aggressive than hormonally negative adenomas (HNA). Methods : Among 627 patients with pathologically proven endocrine-inactive pituitary adenomas between 2004 and 2013, positive immunohistochemistry revealed 55 SCAs and 411 HNAs. Surgical outcomes and radiological and endocrinological characteristics were compared. Results : Strong female predominance was observed in the SCA group (p<0.001). Cavernous sinus invasion was identified in 22 (40%) SCA patients and 72 (17.6%) HNA patients (p<0.001). There were no differences in ACTH or cortisol levels between the two groups. The incidence of preoperative hypopituitarism and postoperative hormonal outcome did not differ between two groups. Total resection was achieved in 35 patients (63.7%) with SCA and 332 patients (80.8%) with HNA (p=0.007). When tumors were completely removed, recurrence rates were not statistically different between two groups (p=0.60). When complete resection was not achieved, tumors regrew from these remnants in seven patients (35.0%) with SCA and 12 patients (15.2%) with HNA (p=0.05). Conclusion : Total surgical resection for SCA is often challenging as these tumors frequently invade a cavernous sinus. Early remnant tumor intervention is justified, because untreated residual pituitary tumors regrow when patients were followed up for a long time. Prophylactic radiotherapy is not warranted for completely resected SCAs as tumor recurrence is uncommon.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1441-1446
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• 2014

Squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma (SC/ASC) of the gallbladder are rare tumors and there are few clinical reports in the literature. Herein we report our clinical experience with 46 patients with SC/ASC and 80 with adenocarcinoma (AC). Expression of EphB1 and Ephrin-B in each tumor was determined using immunohistochemical methods for determination of correlations with prognosis. There was no difference in EphB1 and Ephrin-B expression between SC/ASC and AC tumors (P>0.05), but greater expression in those less than 3 cm in diameter, stage I or II (TNM stage), with no lymph node metastases, with no local invasion and treated with radical resection was apparent. Expression of EphB1 (P<0.05) and Ephrin-B (P<0.01) was higher in well differentiated than in poorly differentiated AC tumors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that degree of differentiation, tumor diameter, lymph node metastases, local invasion, surgical approach and expression rate of EphB1 and Ephrin-B were closely related to the survival of SC/ASC (P<0.05) and AC patients (P<0.01). Patients with tumors that positive expressed EphB1 and Ephrin-B, whether it is SC/ASC ($P_{SC/ASC}$ =0.000) or AC ($P_{AC}$ =0.000 or $P_{AC}$ =0.002) had longer survival than those negative expression. Cox multivariate analysis indicated a negative correlation between expression of EphB1 or Ephrin-B and overall survival. Hence, EphB1 and Ephrin-B could be regarded as independent good prognostic factorsand important biological markers for SC/ASC and AC of gallbladder.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.658-665
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• 2000

Purpose : The present study was carried out to determine the diagnostic usefulness of bone scan for evaluating jaw bone extension of oral cancer. Materials and Methods : Medical records, preoperative bone scans, computerized tomographic (CT) scans, conventional radiographs, and findings of histopathologic sections of twenty patients who had been treated for oral malignant tumors by a resection of mandible and soft tissue at Chonnam University Hospital from January, 1994 to September, 1999 were analyzed. Results : In 13 cases which showed histopathologically positive, preoperative bone scans were positive in 12 (92.3%) and false negative in 1 (7.7%). Preoperative CT scans were positive in 9 (69.2%) and false negative in 4 (30.8%) of the 13 cases. Preoperative conventional radiographs were positive in 8 (61.5%) and false negative in 5 (38.5%) of the 13 cases. In 7 cases showing negative histopathologic findings, 1 (14.3%) was in CT scans and 2 (28.6%) were false positive in preoperative conventional radiographs. Conclusion : These results suggest that bone scan is more sensitive and reliable method for evaluating jaw bone extension of oral cancer than conventional radiographs or CT scans.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2009

목적: STAT3는 주요 세포 진행과정을 조절하는 암유전자로, 활성화되면 여러 악성종양의 생물학적, 임상적 특징과 연관된다고 알려져 있고, 한편 배아줄기세포와 연관된 유전자이기도 하다. 본 연구에서는 연골종양의 발생에 STAT3 활성화가 관여하는지 살펴보았다. 대상 및 방법: 총 33예의 각종 양성 및 악성 연골종양에서 STAT3 활성화를 살펴보기 위해 활성화된 $pSTAT3^{tyr705}$에 특이한 단클론성 항체를 이용한 면역조직화학법을 시행하였다. 결과: 통상적인 연골육종 17예 중, 조직학적 등급 3의 연골육종은 3예(50%)에서 pSTAT3에 양성이었고, 등급 1 및 2 연골육종은 모두 음성이었다. 즉 pSTAT3 양성도는 조직학적 등급과 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계(p=0.0432)를 나타내었다. 또한 투명세포 연골육종 2예(50%)도 pSTAT3에 양성이었다. 내연골종, 연골모세포종, 연골점액양섬유종 등 12예의 양성 연골종양 중 6예(50%)에서 pSTAT3가 관찰되었다. 결론: STAT3 활성화는 통상적인 연골육종 중 고도의 조직학적 분화도가 나쁜 등급에서 주로 발견된다. 배아줄기세포 표지자인 STAT3가 양성 및 악성 연골종양 일부에서 활성화되는 것으로 미루어보아 연골 기원 종양에서도 악성종양의 줄기세포 가설을 제안할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1142-1150
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• 2023

Objective: To evaluate ^99mtechnetium-three polyethylene glycol spacers-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (^99mTc-3PRGD₂) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) imaging for diagnosing lymph node metastasis of primary malignant lung neoplasms. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 26 patients with primary malignant lung tumors who underwent ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. Both imaging methods were analyzed in qualitative (visual dichotomous and 5-point grades for lymph nodes and lung tumors, respectively) and semiquantitative (maximum tissue-to-background radioactive count) manners for the lymph nodes and lung tumors. The performance of the differentiation of lymph nodes with and without metastasis was determined at the per-lymph node station and per-patient levels using histopathological results as the reference standard. Results: Total 42 stations had metastatic lymph nodes and 136 stations had benign lymph nodes. The differences between metastatic and benign lymph nodes in the visual qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the semi-quantitative analysis of ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT was 0.908 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.851-0.966), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.86 (36/42), 0.88 (120/136), 0.69 (36/52), and 0.95 (120/126), respectively. Among the 26 patients (including two patients each with two lung tumors), 15 had pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis. The difference between primary lung lesions in patients with and without lymph node metastasis was statistically significant only in the semi-quantitative analysis of ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT (P = 0.007), with an AUC of 0.807 (95% CI, 0.641-0.974). Conclusion: ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT imaging may notably perform in the direct diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of primary malignant lung tumors and indirectly predict the presence of lymph node metastasis through uptake in the primary lesions.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.74-87
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• 1993

Immunohistochemical studies on S-100 protein and lactoferrin were carried out to evaluate the existence and distribution pattern of S-100 protein and lactoferrin positive cells in salivary gland tumors. The specimens used were 25 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 2 cases of monomorphic adenoma, 2 cases of mucoepidermoid tumor, 2 cases of acinic cell tumor, 3 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma and 2 cases of adenocarcinoma occured in parotid and submandibular salivary gland. ABC kits(Dako corp. Copenhagen. Denmark) for S-100 protein and lactoferrin were used. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In the normal salivary gland. positive immunoreaction for S-100 protein was observed in myoepithelial cells of acini and intercalated ducts. Positive immunoreaction for lactoferrin was observed in serous acinic cells, epithelial cells of intercalated ducts, and excretory material in the ductal lumina. In the pleomorphic and monomorphic adenomas. most of tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein, while luminal tumor cells in gland-like or duct-like structures were rarely positive for lactoferrin. In mucoepidermoid tumor, most of squamous cells and a few of intermediate cells were positive for S-100 protein, but all of tumor cells were negative for lactoferrin. In acinic cell tumor, most of tumor cells were positive for lactoferrin, but all of tumor cells were negative for S-100 protein. In adenoid cystic carcinoma, basaloid tumor cells in trabecular structure were focally positive for S-100 protein. and in adenocarcinoma, many of tumor cells were posivive for both S-100 protein and lactoferrin. Thus, according to the embryonic stage of the development of the tumor cell origin, it was possible to classify the salivary gland tumor as followings: mucoepidermoid carcinoma which originated from the earliest stage, acinic cell tumor which originated from the end stage. Between these two extremes, there were pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenocarcinoma which originated in the middle stage of the development of .the salivary glands. Based on the above results, it can be stated that S-100 protein is demonstrated in tumor cells orginated from myoepithelial cells and lactoferrin in glandular differentiated tumor cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7681-7684
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• 2013

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G-positive gastric cancers are associated with poor survival, but links with tumor escape mechanisms remain to be determined. Materials and Methods: We used immunohistochemistry to investigate HLA-G expression, tumor infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes, and Treg cells in 52 gastric cancer patients. Results: There were 29 cancer-related deaths during the follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with HLA-G-positive (n=16) primary tumors had a significantly poorer prognosis than patients with HLA-G-negative tumors (n=36, p=0.008). The median survival time was 14 months and 47 months, respectively. Patients with high numbers of Tregs and low numbers of CD8+T lymphocytes in the primary tumor had a poorer prognosis than those with low numbers of Tregs and high numbers of CD8+T lymphocytes (p=0.034, p=0.043). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that HLA-G expression (hazard ratio: 2.662; 95% confidence interval: 1.242-5.723; p=0.012) and stage (hazard ratio: 2.012;95% confidence interval: 1.112-3.715; p=0.041) were independent unfavorable factors for patient survival. Conclusions: We found a significant positive correlation between HLA-G expression and the number of tumor infiltrating Tregs (p=0.01) and a negative correlation with the number of CD8+T lymphocytes (p=0.041). HLA-G may protect gastric cancer cells from cytolysis by inducing Foxp3+Treg lymphocytes and suppressing CD8+T lymphocytes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1389-1393
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• 2012

Objective: To discuss the significance of DOG1, CD117 and PDGFRA in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and analyze their correlations with clinicopathological features and risk ranking. Method: DOG1, CD117 and PDGFRA were detected with IHC Envision ldpe-g-nvp in 63 GISTs and 43 cases of non-GISTs, and analyzed for relations with clinicopathological factors (gender, age, location, tumor size, mitotic phase, histology) and risk degree. Results: The positive expression rate of DOG1, CD117 and PDGFRA in GISTs was 84.1% (53/63), 90.5% (57/63), 53.2% (33/63), respectively. Among the 6 CD117 negative cases, all were DOG1 positive and 5 were PDGFRA positive. Rates in patients with non-GISTs was 11.6%, 16.3%, 6.98%, respectively. Expression of DOG1 and PDGFRA demonstrated no significant variation with gender, age, position, tumor size, mitotic phase, histology, and risk rank. However, CD117 was related with position and histology (P=0.008 and P=0.045), those in the mesentery having a higher positive rate than those derived from stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum (50.0% vs 94.7%, P=0.008). Furthermore CD117 was also highly expressed in spindle and epithele types. Conclusions: DOG1 had a good sensitivity and specificity as a kind of newly discovered marker, especially for KIT negative GISTs. However, DOG1, CD117 and PDGFRA cannot be used for assessing the rish of patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3223-3228
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• 2013

Gene expression profiling (GEP) has identified several molecular subtypes of breast cancer, with different clinico-pathologic features and exhibiting different responses to chemotherapy. However, GEP is expensive and not available in the developing countries where the majority of patients present at advanced stage. The St Gallen Consensus in 2011 proposed use of a simplified, four immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarker panel (ER, PR, HER2, Ki67/Tumor Grade) for molecular classification. The present study was conducted in 75 newly diagnosed patients of breast cancer with large (>5cm) tumors to evaluate the association of IHC surrogate molecular subtype with the clinical response to presurgical chemotherapy, evaluated by the WHO criteria, 3 weeks after the third cycle of 5 flourouracil, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (FAC regimen). The subtypes of luminal, basal-like and HER2 enriched were found to account for 36.0 % (27/75), 34.7 % (26/75) and 29.3% (22/75) of patients respectively. Ten were luminal A and 14 luminal B (8 HER2 negative and 6HER2 positive). The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) was most sensitive to chemotherapy with 19% achieving clinical-complete-response (cCR) followed by HER2 enriched (2/22 (9%) cCR), luminal B (1/6 (7%) cCR) and luminal A (0/10 (0%) cCR). Heterogeneity was observed within each subgroup, being most marked in the TNBC although the most responding tumors, 8% developing clinical-progressive-disease. The study supports association of molecular subtypes with response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer and the existence of further heterogeneity within subtypes.