• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2941-2946
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• 2016

Background: The limitations of total serum PSA values remain problematic, especially after an initial negative prostate biopsy. In this prospective study of Chilean men with a continued suspicion of prostate cancer due to a persistently elevated total serum PSA, abnormal digital rectal examination and initial negative prostate biopsy were compared with the use of the on-line Chun nomagram, detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) and free percent PSA to predict a positive second prostate biopsy. We hypothesized that men negative for circulating prostate cells have a small risk of clinically significant prostate cancer and thus may be conservatively observed. Men positive for circulating prostate cells should undergo biopsy to confirm prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Consecutive men with a continued suspicion of prostate cancer underwent 12 core TRUS prostate biopsy; age, total serum PSA and percentage free PSA and Chun nomagram scores were registered. Immediately before biopsy an 8ml blood simple was taken to detect primary mCPCs. Mononuclear cells were obtained by differential gel centrifugation and identified using double immunostaining with anti-PSA and anti-P504S. Biopsies were classifed as cancer/no-cancer, mCPC detecton test as negative/positive and the total number of cells/8ml registered. Areas under the curve (AUC) for percentage free PSA, Chun score and CPCs were calculated and compared. Diagnostic yields were calculated with reference to the number of possible biopsies that could be avoided and the number of clinically significant cancers that would be missed. Results: A total of 164 men underwent a second biopsy; 41 (25%) had cancer; the AUCs were 0.65 for free PSA, 0.76 for the Chun score and 0.87 for CPC detection, the last having a significantly superior prediction value (p=0.01). Using cut off values of free PSA <10%, Chun score >50% and ${\geq}1$ CPC detected, CPC detection had a higher diagnostic yield. Some 4/41 cancers complied with the criteria for active surveillance, free PSA and the Chun score missed a higher number of significant cancers when compared with CPC detection. Conclusions: Primary CPC detection outperformed the use of free PSA and the Chun nomagram in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer at repeat prostate biopsy.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2021

배경: 여러 연구에서 숲에서는 음이온이 많이 존재하는 것으로 보고되었나, 제주 삼다수 숲지역의 연구가 없어서 수행하였다. 목적: 본 연구에서는 제주 삼다수 숲 지역의 대기질의 음이온 수를 측정하여 비교 분석하는 것이 목적이었다. 방법: 삼다수 숲 지역의 17개 지점을 정해서 대기질의 음이온 수를 음이온측정기로 측정하였다. 결과: 제주 삼다수 지역의 17개 지점에서 측정한 음이온 수의 평균치는 719.7 ions/cm³, 평균 온도는 25.2℃, 평균 습도는 80.9%, 평균고도는 503 m, 그리고 평균 풍속은 0.6 m/sec이었다. 대기질의 음이온 수의 함량을 순서로 보면, 제일 높은 곳은 폭포-입구-코스R- B코스-소나무숲-코스출구-출구습지 순으로 나타났다. 채집지점의 고도는 제일 높은 지점은 소나무숲-코스R-코스출구-폭포-B코스-출구습지-입구 순이었다. 고도의 차이는 통계적으로 유의성이 있었다. 해발고도와 음이온 함량간의 상관관계는 없는 것으로 나타나 대기질은 수시로 변동됨을 알 수가 있었다. 결론: 삼다수 숲에는 다량의 음이온이 대기질 중에 함유된 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 삼다수 숲길은 숲 체험의 장소로서 적합한 지역이라 생각된다. 아울러 음이온의 함량이 높은 제주지역 숲길 탐방은 인간의 건강관리에 유익한 조건을 갖추었다고 평가한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2016

본 연구는 출산율 제고를 위한 지자체별 강조할 정책을 파악하고자 시도별 합계출산율에 영향을 미치는 요인 - 2005~2014년까지의 지자체별 보육시설수, 육아휴직급여, 여성고용률, 여성총근로시간 - 을 패널분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 2005~2014년 패널분석에서는 고정효과모형이 가장 타당한 모형으로 검증되었으며, 육아휴직급여는 정적인 영향을, 보육시설수와 여성총근로시간은 합계출산율에 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 저출산 고령사회 기본계획 실시 이전과 실시 기간별로 영향요인을 분석한 결과, 보육시설수는 지속적으로 부적(-) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지자체별로 볼 때, 부산/대구/광주는 보육시설수(-), 육아휴직급여(+), 울산/충북/전남은 육아휴직급여(+), 제주는 여성총근로시간(-)이 유의미한 변수로 나타났으며 그 외의 지역은 유의미한 변수가 없었다. 본 연구는 지자체별 합계출산율에 영향을 미치는 변수가 차이가 있으며 그 중심에 보육시설수와 육아휴직급여가 있다는 것을 확인한 것에 의미가 있다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.71-87
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess pain, discomfort, depression and coping patterns and the relations between these in chronic arthritis patients. The sampling method was a purposive sampling technique. 1) Who have been diagnosed as having chronic arthritis and. 2) Who were at the out patients clinic of rheumatoid arthritis departments of one University hospital in seoul between september, 11, 1993 to september, 18, 1993. The instruments used for this study were Graphic Rating Scales of pain, discomfort level of the activities of daily living(ADL) developed by Lee, Eun Ok and The Beck Depression inventory. The research used to measure coping patterns was a tool developed by the present study researcher. Analysis of data was done frequency, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, regression and ANCOVA. The results were summerlized as follows ; 1. Female exceed male patients in number and onset of joint pain were more prevalent in the age groups of the 40s and the 50s. The average duration of suffering from the pain were seven years six mounths. 2. The mean pain score : The mean sensory score was 119mm and the affective score was 109mm. 3. The discomfort level of ADL, the mean score was 2.95 out of a possible score of 5.0 and depression syndrome subjects were 62.2%. 4. The coping responses for each pattern were as follows : 1) "Active coping" mean score was 2.28. 2) "Wishful coping" mean score was 2.89. 3) "Receptive coping" mean score was 3.31. 4) "Negative coping" mean score was 1.82. 5. Significant differences were found in age, religion, marriage status and the coping patterns of patients. 1) In the coping pattern of "receptive coping", the score of the age groups of the 50s were higher than that of 20s, and in the coping pattern of "negative coping", the score of the age groups of the 20s were higher than other age groups. 2) In the coping pattern of "wishful coping", the score of the christian were higher than other religion groups. 3) In the coping pattern of "negative coping", the score of the marrieds were lower than other groups. 6. Patients who scored low on factor 2, wishful coping, were much more likely to report having pain sensory than patioets scoring high on this factor. 7. Patients who scored high on factor 4, negative coping, were significantly more likely to report having pain sensory than patients scoring high on this factor. Consider overall, chronic arthritis patients report using a wide varity of strategies, certain strategies such as receptive, wishful and active coping are used frequently, whereas other strategies such as negative coping are rarely used. One of the most important finding of present study is that the reported use of coping strategies is related to adjustment to a chronic pain problem. The present study suggests that negative coping is related to poor emotional adjustment as assessed by depression, but not pain ratings. Considered overall, this pattern of findings suggests that counseling patients to decreased their use of negative coping may be useful. The present study has a number of limitations. First, the sample is restricted to chronic arthritis patients. Weather chronic pain patients suffering from other types of pain syndromes use similar coping strategies needs to be determined in subsequent research. Second, the tool of coping pattern must be studied further to obtain reliability.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2006

이 연구에서는 1979년부터 2004년까지 25년 동안에 극 진동의 강도가 한반도 겨울 한파에 미치는 영향을 대기순환과 열원을 분석하여 조사하였다. 북극 진동이 강할 때 한파의 발생 횟수는 약할 때 보다 약 14.3% 더 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 월 발생 횟수에서도 양의 AO에서 1.05회/월, 음의 AO에서 1.33회/월로 나타나서 북극 진동이 강할 때가 약할 때 보다 약 26.6% 더 많았다. 이것은 북극 진동이 강한 특정 달에 한파가 자주 발생한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 북극 진동이 강할 때가 약할 때보다 $0.6^{\circ}C$ 더 낮은 기온을 보였다. 북극 진동의 강약에 따른 열원의 차이를 고찰한 결과, 북극 진동이 강해졌을 때 한반도 주변의 기온은 이류항에 의한 냉각이 강화되어 더 낮아지지만, 열원항에 의한 상쇄 효과에 의해 기온 하강을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 그 결과 대기 순환의 유의한 차이에도 불구하고 음의 AO와양의 AO 사이에 기온 차이는 평균적으로 $0.6^{\circ}C$로 작게 나타난다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 1985

보리의 간장, 경수, 수장, 100입중, 개체당수수 수당입수, 수량등 7개 형질에 대한 광의의 유전역을 조사하고 형질들 간의 표현형상관, 유전상관, 환경상관을 조사하고 또 유전상관에 의해 형질들의 수량에 대한 직접 및 간접효과를 알기 위해 경노계수 분석을 해 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 유전역은 간장이 0.923으로 가장 높았고 다음은 수장이 0.907로 역시 높았으며 수당입수, 수량, 100입중등도 상당히 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 그러나 경수는 0.179, 개체당수수는 0.147로서 상당히 낮은 유전력을 나타냈다. 2. 간장은 100입중과 고도의 유의성있는 표현형 상관이 있었으며 또 높은 유전상관을 보였다. 경수도 수수와의 사이에서 높은 표현형 상관과 유전상관을 보였고 수장은 입수와의 사이에서 높은 표현형 및 유전상관을 보였다. 수량은 수장, 100입중, 입수등과의 사이에서 고도의 유의성 있는 표현형상관을 보였고 또 높은 유전상관을 보였다. 3 . 경노계수 분석결과 간장은 수량에 대해서 직접효과가 없었으며 다른 형질을 통한 간접효과도 없었다. 경수는 직접효과가 다른 형질보다 가장 컸으며 수장과 100입중도 수량에의 영향이 비교적 강한 것으로 나타났다. 수수는 수량에 대해서 가장 큰 부의 직접효과를 보였다. 수수는 경수를 통해서 그리고 입수는 수수를 통해서 강한 간접효과를 보였으며 경수는 수수를 통해서 가장 큰 부의 간접효과를 보였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.312-317
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• 1979

1] During the period of Jan. 1959, to Aug. 1979, 47 patients of paragonimiasis have been treated in the department of Chest Surgery. 2] The total number of patients who has been admitted and treated in the department of Chest Medicine are 262 and annual distribution of number of patients has been decreased. However, since 1964, the number of patients has been stationary. On the other hand, the total number of patients who has been admitted and treated surgically in the department of Chest Surgery are 47 and the annual distribution of number of patients has not been decreased. 3] The peak age incidence lies in fourth decade [34%], and over halves of patients is in third to fifth decade. Male to female is 8.4 to 1. 4] The symptoms, which are mainly cough, chest pain, dyspnea and blood tinged sputum, developed mostly in two to five years after infestation by Paragonmius westermani. 5] Sputum tests for eggs of Paragonimus westermani were positive in 16 out of 43 patients [37%]. The 93% of patients were positive in skin test for Paragonimus westermani. The patients with negative skin test were 7%, but sputum or stool examination for Paragonimus westermani`s eggs were positive in these negative group of skin test. 6] Chest roentgenogram revealed pleural effusion [41 cases], hydropneumothorax [1 case], atelectasis [1 case] and mediastinal mass [1 case]. 7] All patients were preoperatively treated with Bithionol. The mode of surgery were decortication only [31 cases], pleuropneumonectomy [3 cases], decortication & lobectomy [2 cases], decortication & closure of bronchial fistula [1 case], thoracentesis [1 case] and postural drainage [1 case]. 8] Paragonimiasis is primarily medical disease and well treated by the administration of Bithionol. But the delayed diagnosis and missed diagnosis, especially as pulmonary tuberculosis, make the disease aggravated and chronic. Subsequently, surgical treatment is infrequently required. Chronic empyema due to Paragonimus westermani is much benign than tuberculous empyema thoracis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3385-3390
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• 2016

Background: Sequential use of circulating prostate cell (CPC) detection has been reported to potentially decrease the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies in men suspected of prostate cancer. In order to determine the real world effectiveness of the test, we present a prospective study of men referred to two hospitals from primary care physicians, one using CPC detection to determine the necessity of prostate biopsy the other not doing so. Materials and Methods: Men with a suspicion of prostate cancer because of elevated PSA >4.0ng/ml or abnormal DRE were referred to Hospitals A or B. In Hospital A all underwent 12 core TRUS biopsy, in Hospital B only men CPC (+), with mononuclear cells obtained by differential gel centrifugation identified using double immunomarking with anti-PSA and anti-P504S, were recommended to undergo TRUS biopsy. Biopsies were classifed as cancer or no-cancer. Diagnostic yields were calculated, including the number of posible biopsies that could be avoided and the number of clinically significant cancers that would be missed. Results: Totals of 649 men attended Hospital A, and 552 men attended Hospital B; there were no significant differences in age or serum PSA levels. In Hospital A, 228 (35.1%) men had prostate cancer detected, CPC detection had a sensitivity of 80.7%, a specificity of 88.6%, and a negative predictive value of 89.5%. Some 39/44 men CPC negative with a positive biopsy had low grade small volume tumors. In Hospital B, 316 (57.2%) underwent biopsy. There were no significant differences between populations in terms of CPC and biopsy results. The reduction in the number of biopsies was 40%. Conclusions: The use of sequential CPC testing in the real world gives a clear decision structure for patient management and can reduce the number of biopsies considerably.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2007

A study was conducted to observe the variation and inheritance of agronomic traits and their interrelationship in mungbean. The objective of the study was to compare agronomic traits and hardseed percentage of 268 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) developed from the cross between wild Vigna subspecies sublobata "ACC 41" with the mungbean cultivar "Berken". The RIL population and their parents were evaluated under controlled conditions in a glass house at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. The results showed significant differences among the RILs and among the parents in all traits under study. Berken had a longer flowering date and a higher seed weight per plant, but less total leaf number and pod number per plant than ACC 41. A germination test between papers revealed that ACC 41 was 100% hard-seeded and did not germinate at all, while Berken germinated up to 100%. Their RILs distributed well between 0 to 100% hardseed. Upon scarification, all hardseed germinated within seven days. Narrowsense heritability estimates of total leave number, hardseedness, pod length, and pod width were highly heritable at 89.9, 98.9, 93.7, and 93.2%, respectively. The heritability of seed weight per plant and number of seeds per plant were lower at 63.1 and 58.4%, respectively. Seed weight per plant showed positive transgressive segregation when compared with ACC 41 and a positive correlation with 100 seed weight. While the number of seeds per pod showed a negative transgressive segregation when compared with Berken and a negative correlation with pod length and pod width. The RILs gave a 1:1 segregation ratio in leaflet shape, growth habit, and growth pattern, indicating that these traits were controlled by a single dominant gene.

• 태양에너지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.86-97
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• 1987

Natural convection in the annulus between a horizontal conducting tube and a cylinder with spacers has been studied by 2-dimensional numerical method with finite difference techniques. The effects of Rayleigh number, conductivities of conducting tube and spacer, and position of spacers were studied analytically. In case of vertical spacers, the maximum local Nusselt number appears at ${\theta}{\approx}50^{\circ}$ in a conducting tube and ${\theta}{\approx}30^{\circ}$ in an outer cylinder, The local Nusselt numbers show positive values on the lower spacer, but negative values on the surface of the upper spacer. In case of horizontal spacers, the flow over the spacer is more active than that of under the spacer as the Rayleigh number increases. The maximum local Nusselt appeares at ${\theta}=180^{\circ}$ in a conducting tube and at ${\theta}=0^{\circ}$ in an outer cylinder. The local Nusselt numbers show positive values on the upward surface, but negative values on the downward surface of spacer. As the dimensionless conductivity increases, the mean Nusselt number remarkably increases at $K_w/K_f<48$ and show almost even at $K_w/K_f{\ge}48$. The mean Nusselt number of a conducting tube with vertical spacers is 5.12 percent less and with horizontal spacers is 11.33 percent less than that of a conducting tube without spacer at $Ra=10^4$, Pr = 0.7 and $K_w/K_f=48$.