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Intermittent Heating and Cooling Load Calculation Method -Comparing with ISO 13790

  • Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • Architectural research
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2012
  • College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US Abstract The intermittent heating and cooling energy need calculation of the ISO 13790 monthly method was examined. The current ISO 13790 method applies a reduction factor to the continuous heating and cooling need calculation result to derive the intermittent heating and cooling for each month. This paper proposes a method for the intermittent energy need calculation based on the internal mean temperature calculation. The internal temperature calculation procedure was introduced considering the heat-balance taking into account of heat gain, heat loss, and thermal inertia for reduced heating and cooling period. Then, the calculated internal mean temperature was used for the intermittent heating and cooling energy need calculation. The calculation results from the proposed method were compared to the current ISO 13790 method and validated with a dynamic simulation using EnergyPlus. The study indicates that the intermittent heating and cooling energy need calculation method using the proposed model improves transparency of the current ISO 13790 method and draws more rational outcomes in the monthly heating and cooling energy need calculation.

이용자의 지식상태와 브라우징 탐색에 관한 연구

  • 김영귀
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.18
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    • pp.245-268
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    • 1991
  • Some conclusions derived from the study are as follows : 1) Most conventional information retrieval systems require users do precisely that specify the information they require, but user's information needs are not always precise. 2) Information need arise from when users are in an anomalous stats of knowledge about some problem, so user's information needs are not always precise. 3) Information retrieval systems must assist to users make themselves correct, complement, and specify their information need. When information need arise, systems should understand the state of knowledge and will be design to present and specify their ill-defined potential information need. 4) Existing information retrieval techniques need a tool to complement current its disadvantages and to enhance retrieval efficiency. Browsing searching will be a role such as a tool. 5) Browsing searching can understand user's state of knowledge and assist to specify not only pre-searching information need but also changed information need during searching progress.

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The effect of need of oral health management to oral health impact profile among elderly over 65 years (65세 이상 노인의 구강건강관리요구도가 구강건강영향지수(OHIP-14)에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Jung-Ran;Kim, Hye-Jin
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.961-971
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : The aim of the study was to identify the need of oral health education and prevention? for over 65 years elderly. Methods : his study was to identify the need of oral health management and oral health impact profile among elderly over 65 years. 200 elderly participated in the study, lived in KungBuk and KungNam areas, visited Senior welfare center, from 1st September to 30st December 2008. Results : 1. This majority of respondents are female(74.0%), 75-79 years(29.5%), none education(42.5%), living alone(45.5%), income from children(46.0%), and health insurance(65.5%). 2. In the need of oral health management category, the need of dental treatment are professional toothbrushing, gum treatment, treatment for dental caries, treatment for xerostomia. In the need of prevention and education, the majority participants are 'required'. In oral health impact profile category, the majority participants are 'feel no difficulty during speaking(59.0%)', and 'feel no difficulty during tasting(47.0%)'. In the category, the positive answers are more than negative answers. 3. According to general characteristic with the need of oral health management, famle, obviously income, high level of life are significantly different in the need of prevention and education category. Obviously income is significantly different in the need of dental treatment category. According to general characteristic with the oral health impact profile, getting older, high education are significantly different in disadvantage category. In the case of no spouse, anxiety, physical difficulty, mental difficulty and disadvantage are high score in oral health impact profile. In the case of living alone, pain, anxiety, and disadvantage are high score in oral health impact profile. In the case of no income, limitation of function, pain, anxiety, mental difficulty and disadvantage are high score in oral health impact profile. In the case of no health insurance, anxiety, physical difficulty mental difficulty and lack of sociality are high score in oral health impact profile. 4. The oral health impact profile are positive correlation with the need of dental treatment and the need of prevention education. The effect of oral health impact profile are significantly different with spouse, average of income, the need of prevention education. Conclusions : In Conclusion, the need of prevention education and dental treatment for individual oral health promotion are related with general life condition and life level. Also these are influence of quality of life relate with oral health. These findings are require of development of oral health services program and system from bottom to top.

The Effects of Sales Performance on Salesperson's Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Need for Achievement (영업사원의 직무만족, 조직몰입, 성취욕구가 영업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Gu, Ja-Won
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2018
  • This research performed the empirical test for the effects of sales performance on salesperson's job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and need for achievement using 375 salesperson samples in Korea. Analyzed direct effects among the factors and mediation effects of organizational commitment and need for achievement as well. Results showed that job satisfaction have a significant positive (+) impact on organizational commitment and sales performance, and organizational commitment significant positive influence on need for achievement. However, organizational commitment have no significant effect on sales performance. Need for achievement have a significant direct effect on sales performance positively and have mediation effect between organizational commitment and sales performance. For the mediating effect, organizational commitment have significant result between job performance and need for achievement, but have no significance between job performance and sales performance. This paper suggest that the implications. First, this research exam integrated and detailed analyze for job satisfaction, organizational commitment, need for achievement, and sales performance including the results of verified in precedent study. Second, identify job satisfaction and need for achievement are important factors on salesperson's performance and find out through the empirical test the importance having balance of satisfaction of salesperson's own job and need for achievement in the sales field rather than consider only organizational commitment. Third, in the existing research, high need for achievement increase organizational commitment as a predictor of organizational commitment factor. In this research, claim that organizational commitment also become as a predictor of need for achievement and high organizational commitment make need for achievement higher. Consequently, need for achievement and organizational commitment be interact with each other and significant effect on sales performance of sales force.

A Study of the Measurement of the Level of Need of Living and of the Levl of Consumer's Life (한국인의 생활욕구도 및 소비생활수준측정에 관한 연구)

  • 노영남
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.89-104
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    • 1990
  • This study was a succession of the paper of Reference 1), and was an attempt to quantify the Level of Need of Living through the relation bet ween Ds(Degree of Sufficietncy) and Di(Degree of Importance). The relation formula was: Level of Need of Living=Di×(5-Ds)+Di×lrl. From the caculated values, some indicators of highest and lowest Level of Need of Living could be cleared and by them the Level of Consumers' Life and Conciousness could be presumed. The main results are as follows. 1. The Level of Need of Living that the indicators of the equity of income allocations, social mobility, judicial equality, and residential amenity showed was the highest, and that of the life of planned expenditure, the development of transportation, the longevity, an the high level of education was the lowest. 2. The rural residents showed the highest Level of Need on the indicators of medical care, culture and basic living expenditures. 3. The higher the perception of social class and the satisfaction of living was, the lower the Level of Need Living was. 4. In general, it was presumed that the Level of Consumer's Life was in the term of sufficiency of the second need, which durable electric consume products were purchased under the intended conciousness of consumers to be as like as others.

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The Effect of Fashion Product Consumers' Need for Uniqueness on their Criteria of Clothing Selection and Switching Intentions

  • Park, Soojin;Park, Sookyeong
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.54-67
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the The effect of fashion consumer's need for uniqueness in their clothing purchase behavior and switching intention. A total of 332 cases were included as the subjects of this study and a survey method was used. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program. The results were as follows. 1. The 3 dimensions (creative choice, unpopular choice, and avoidance of similarity) were extracted from the consumer's need for uniqueness and consumer divided high uniqueness group, middle uniqueness group, low uniqueness group. 2. The 3 factor (esthetic, functional, practical) were extracted from the clothing selection criteria. The three group had a significant difference in clothing selection and switching intention. Aesthetic factor and practical factor were the highest in high uniqueness group. 3. The need for uniqueness has influence on the aesthetic factor and practical factor. The creative choice factor had positive effect on the aesthetic and practical factor, yet unpopular choice factor had negative effect on the practical factor. The need for uniqueness and aesthetic factor has positive influence on brand switching intentions. 4. There was difference in unpopular choices factor by gender. A monthly average expenditure on fashion products had a significant difference in three kind of need for uniqueness. Results of this study provide a basis understand need for uniqueness and their effect on consumer behavior.

Unmet Need and Inappropriate Use in Emergency Ambulance Service (응급 환자 이송서비스의 적절성: 미충족 의료와 부적절한 이용)

  • Kang, Kyunghee
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.357-366
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    • 2014
  • Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of an emergency ambulance system and to investigate socio-economic and clinical characteristics associated with emergency ambulance service. Methods: Based on 2011 Korea health panel, unmet need and inappropriate use of emergency ambulance service were measured by Gibson in 1977. Furthermore, the factors associated with unmet need and inappropriate use of emergency ambulance service were identified by Fisher's exact tests and multiple logistic regression models. Results: Unmet need, defined as the proportion of emergency patients who clinically need ambulance transportation but do not receive it, was found to be 59.8%. Inappropriate use, defined as the proportion of emergency patient receiving ambulance care who did not clinically need it, was found to be 37.2%. There were statistically significant differences between appropriate and inappropriate groups in overall variables of socio-economic and clinical characteristics. Specifically, gender, age, relationship to household, and reasons of visiting emergency department (accident/disease) were statistically significant factors associated with appropriate use of emergency ambulance service. Conclusion: Unmet ambulance need is a useful measure for patients needs assessment, and inappropriate ambulance use is a valid criteria in judging the efficiency of emergency ambulance system. To improve and understand emergency ambulance system, unmet need and inappropriate use of emergency ambulance service should be more concerned.

Factors Influencing Need for Cosmetic Surgery among High School Girls (여자고등학생의 성형수술 욕구에 영향을 주는 요인)

  • Lee, Hae-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.126-136
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The increase of cosmetic surgery procedures is partly motivated by more positive attitude toward cosmetic surgery as a means of improving physical appearance. In this study factors expected to predict need for cosmetic surgery were examined. Methods: A descriptive design was used with 321 high school girls who completed a questionnaire about sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, body image, self-esteem, and need for cosmetic surgery. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine factors affecting need for cosmetic surgery. Results: Bivariate correlations showed that need for cosmetic surgery was positively correlated with internalization and awareness of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, and appearance orientation in body image and negatively correlated with self-esteem and ideal body mass index (BMI). Multiple regression showed that the predictive variables explained 22.1% in need for cosmetic surgery. The significant factors influencing need for cosmetic surgery were greater internalization and awareness of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, better appearance evaluation and higher appearance orientation in body image, lower self-esteem, and lower ideal BMI. Conclusion: Overall, results of this research suggest that prevention of media influence and body image disturbances, and promotion of self-esteem are very important to young women.

A study on the consumer preference according to consumer's need for uniqueness, ALPHA-NUMERIC brand name and types of fashion goods (소비자 독특성 욕구에 따른 알파누메릭 브랜드 네임 및 패션제품 유형의 선호도 연구)

  • Jung, Hyewon;Hwang, Sunjin
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.114-129
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of consumer's need for uniqueness, whether or not using ALPHA-NUMERIC Brand Name and types of fashion goods upon the consumer's attitude. The experimental design of this study is three-ways complex factors design of 2 (Consumer's Need for Uniqueness : High vs Law) ${\times}$ 2 (Whether or not to use ALPHA-NUMERIC Brand Name : Used brand vs Non-used brand) ${\times}$ 2 (Types of fashion goods: Rational fashion goods vs Emotional fashion goods) The conclusions are as follows. 1. The interaction effect upon a favorite level according to consumer's need for uniqueness, whether or not using ALPHA-NUMERIC brand name and types of fashion goods upon the consumer's attitude is proven significant. For the group where customer's need for uniqueness is low, when ALPHA-NUMERIC brand name is not used, the favorableness of rational fashion good, a parka is lower than that of emotional fashion good, one-piece dress. However, there is no significant difference in favorableness by types of fashion goods when ALPHA-NUMERIC brand name is used. At the group with high need for uniqueness, while there is no significant difference in favorableness when ALPHA-NUMERIC brand name is not used, the favorableness of parka is higher than that of one-piece dress when ALPHA-NUMERIC brand name is used. 2. The interaction effects upon purchase intention according to consumer's need for uniqueness, whether or not using ALPHA-NUMERIC brand name and types of fashion goods are proven significant. For the group where customer's need for uniqueness is low, there is no significant different in the favorableness whether or not ALPHA-NUMERIC brand name is used. On the other hand, the group with high need for uniqueness, if ALPHA-NUMERIC brand name is used, the intention to purchase parka is higher than the intention to purchase one-piece dress.

The Effect of Maslow's Basic Needs on the Clothing Values among Adult Women (Maslow의 기본욕구가 의복가치관에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang Kyung-Ja;Suh Young-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.13 no.1 s.29
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 1989
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of basic needs and demographic variables of adult women upon clothing values. This study was designed with causal model regrading the demographic variables as independent variable: the basic need as interventing variable: the eight clothing values as dependent variables. The major findings of this research can be summarized as following; 1. Age of women has a definite effect on marriage status, school career and income. Age has effect on marriage status in seven values except exploratory value. It has effect on school career in aethetic and political values, and it has also effect on school career and income in social and religious values. 2. Age has no significant direct effect on the basic needs. Marriage status and school career have significant direct effect on the basic needs. Marriage status has positive effect on the need for self-esteem in seven values except exploratory value. The need for self-esteem of unmarried women are stronger than that of married women. School career has negative impact on the need for safety. The women having higher school career do not have strong need for safety in aethetic and social values. 3. School career, income, needs for safety, belongingness, self-esteem and self-actualizing have significant direct effect on clothing values. School career has positive effect on aethetic and political values, and it has negative effect on religious values. Income has negative effect upon social and religious values. Need for safety has negative effect on aethetic values. Need for safety is positively related with need for belongingneses, and they have an effect on the social values. Need for self-esteem has positive effect on the aethetic and political values, and it has negative impact on theoretical, economic, social and religious values. Need for self-actualizing has positive effect on the theoretical values.

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