• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2012

PURPOSE: This study aims to compare the effects of upper backbone joint mobilization and self-stretching exercise in the patients with chronic neck pain. METHODS: Thirty seven patients with chronic neck pain were divides into self stretching group(SSG, n=18) and mobilization group(MG, n=19). To assess the degree of neck pain, the visual analog scale (VAS) was utilized, and to measure the joint range of motion at the flexion-extension, it was compared and analyzed by using the cervical range of motion (CROM) device. RESULTS: The joint range of motion and visual analog scale of SSG and MG showed significant effects on both groups. In the comparison of groups, there was no significant difference, but it indicated effects on improving the pain and the range of joint motion in MG. CONCLUSION: According to the analysis, not only self-stretching exercise intervening for direct treatment but also upper backbone joint mobilization intervening for indirect treatment are effective to improve the pain and the range of motion.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2006

Purpose : To identify the effects of Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the functional improvement of patients with neck myofascial pain syndrome. Methods : The present research investigated 30 patients with neck myofascial syndrome, dividing them into a group doing Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. This study examined degree of recovery from neck pain by comparing their neck myofascial pain syndrome before and after the treatment, and compared to find difference in the degree of recovery from myofascial pain syndrome. Results : The results are as follows. For the Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF), the visual analogue scale(VAS) decreased significantly for six weeks treatment, and the range of motion(ROM) of cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p<.05). Conlusion : This study suggest that Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation have an effect on the functional improvement of patients with neck myofascial pain syndrome.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1122-1127
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• 2017

The purpose of this case study was to identify the effects of posteroanterior (PA) mobilization on the cervical spine in a patient with chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD). The subject of this study was a 58-year-old woman who sustained a chronic WAD as a result of a motor vehicle accident two years prior. The subject has progressively worsening neck pain and stiffness. The subject was determined to have a grade IIb WAD the use of the Modified Quebec Classification. The intervention was central and unilateral PA mobilization on the spinous process of C4 and C5. The PA mobilizations were performed at the end of range to Maitland grade IV. The PA mobilization was conducted once daily for a total of eight days. Two sets of measurements were done one before and one after the intervention. Neck pain, cervical stiffness, range of motion and lordosis of the cervical spine were measured. Experimental intervention decreased the neck pain, and increased the neck stiffness and cervical ROM (range of motion) such as flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation. X-ray photographs also represented that cervical curvature increased from $35^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$. This study suggested that PA cervical mobilization applied to hronic WAD is effective in decreasing pain, increasing cervical ROM and cervical curvature.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2015

Background and Objective : Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC) is known as slow growing cancer with good prognosis. However, extrathyroidal extension may increase the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis and local invasion to surrounding structures. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristic features of the tumor invading the posterior thyroid capsule. Material and Methods : We made a retrospective review of 123 PTMC patients with thyroid capsule invasion, pathologically staged as T3 or T4. 74 patients (60.2%) had invasion to posterior thyroid capsule (group A) while 49 patients (39.8%) had invasion to-anterior thyroid capsule or anterior wall of trachea (group B). We assessed the clinicopathologic factors of the patients according to the location of capsular invasion of PTMC. Results : There was no difference regarding age, gender, T and N classification and incidence of lymph node metastasis between two groups. Local invasion rate to recurrent laryngeal nerve was 6.8% in patients with posterior thyroid capsule invasion, while the incidence was zero in those with capsular invasion to other locations Conclusion : Increased risk of local invasion to the recurrent laryngeal nerve should be considered in patients with PTMC presenting invasion of the posterior capsule.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 1996

When thyroid carcinoma invades the larynx or trachea, the proper treatment is needed because of significant morbidity and mortality due to airway obstruction. Hemoptysis and dyspnea are the result of intraluminal extension of the tumor and call for immediate investigation with endoscopic examination and CT. If the thyroid carcinoma with extracapsular spread invades only outer perichondrium of the tracheal or laryngeal cartilage, the shaving operation would be sufficient, but if the tumor invades the cartilage or if there is intraluminal invasion, it is mandatory to remove partial or total part of some aerodigestive tract structures. We retrospectively analyzed 14 surgical cases of the thyroid cancer with laryngotracheal invasion(12 papillary carcinomas and 2 anaplastic carcinomas) at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. The analysis was focused on clinical manifestation, pathologic findings, types of management and results. Survival result was not adequately analyzed due to some recently operated cases.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1994

The malignant tumor of nasopharynx occurs in china and other oriental contries as high incidence and its prognosis is relatively poor because of frequent intracranial extension and early metastasis. Traditional therapeutic modality of nasopharyngeal cancer was definite radiotherapy, but recently some cancer institute had tried combined modality with induction chemotherapy and reported it may be valuable. We report the clinical evaluation and therapeutic result about 28 nasopharyngeal cancer patients which were treated with 2 courses of induction chemotherapy(Cisplatin+5-FU) and radiotherapy. The results were as follows: 1) The 3 years and 5 years survival rate were 76% and 47% in total patients. 2) The 3 years and 5 years survival rate were 92% and 63% in T1, T2, T3 group, and 25% and 0% in T4 group. 3) The 3 year and 5 year survival rate were 100% and 60% in neck node negative group, and 60% and 40% in neck node positive group. 4) The 3 year and 5 years survival rate were 100% and 50% in stage I II group, and 71% and 44% in stage III, IV group.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.338-349
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• 2000

Neck muscle forces and spinal loads at the C4/5 level were estimated that result from isometric voluntary ramp efforts gradually developing to maximums in flexion, extension, left lateral bending and right lateral bending. Electromyographic (EMG) activities, a three-dimensional anatomic data of the neck and a hybrid model, EMG-assisted optimization (EMGAO) model, were used. The model computed the cervical loads at 25%,50%,75%, and 100% of peak moments. The highest model-predicted C4/5 joint compressive forces occurred during flexion; $361\;({\pm}164)\;N,\;811\;({\pm}288)\;N,\;1207\;({\pm}491)\;N\;and\;1674\;({\pm}319)\;N$ in 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of peak moment respectively. Variations in load distribution among the agonistic muscles and co-contractions of antagonistic muscles were estimated during ramp efforts. Results suggest that higher C4/5 joint loads than previously reported are possible during isometric, voluntary muscle contractions. These higher physiological loads at C4/5 level must be considered possible during orthopedic reconstruction at this level.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of dorsal neck muscle fatigue on the cervical range of motion (CROM) and proprioception in adults with the forward head posture (FHP). Methods: Thirty pain-free subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects were measured the forward head angle by taking the capture of the sagittal plane of their upper body to determine the FHP. Subjects were distributed into two groups: the FHP group (n=14) and Control group (n=16). All subjects were measured the CROM and the Head repositioning accuracy (HRA) for joint proprioception before and after inducing muscle fatigue of the dorsal neck. The CROM and HRA were measured in neck flexion, extension, right-left lateral flexion, and right-left rotation. Sorenson's test was used to induce muscle fatigue of the dorsal neck. Results: Total CROMs were significantly decreased after dorsal neck muscle fatigue in both groups (p<0.05). Total HRAs were significantly increased after dorsal neck muscle fatigue in the FHP group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the control group (p>0.05). Total CROM changes were not significant differences between groups (p>0.05), but total HRA changes were significant differences between groups (p<0.05) except for right and left lateral flexion (p>0.05). Conclusion: Immediate CROM and proprioception reduction after the dorsal neck muscle fatigue were observed in adults with the FHP. Therefore, FHP can significantly affect the CROM and positioning consistency of cervical proprioception.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2015

This study aimed to determine the effect of lower trapezius muscle strengthening exercises on pain, neck disability index (NDI), cervical range of motion (ROM), and lower trapezius muscle strength in patients with unilateral neck pain. Following baseline measurements, the subjects (N=40) with unilateral neck pain were randomized into one of two 5 weeks exercise intervention groups: a experimental group (EG, $n_1=20$) that received strength training of the lower trapezius muscles or a control group (CG, $n_2=20$) that received routine physical therapy program. Each group participated in the intervention for 30 minutes, 3 times a week, for 5 weeks. All participants performed 2 repetitions of each intervention per day. The numeric pain rating scale for pain, NDI, ROM, and lower trapezius strength were recorded both pre- and post-intervention for both groups. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes post-intervention compared with pre-intervention and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in the dependent variables between the 2 groups. After the 5-weeks intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased pain and disability level (p<.05) and significantly increased cervical flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation ROM (p<.05). The EG that received strength training of the lower trapezius muscles showed greater improvements in pain and functional disability level, cervical rotation, and lower trapezius strength than the CG (p<.05). These results suggest that a lower trapezius strengthening exercises reduce neck pain and neck disability level and enhance cervical ROM and lower trapezius strength level in patients with unilateral neck pain.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2015

Objective: Cervical stabilization exercises are frequently to improve strength and endurance of cervical muscles. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in head repositioning accuracy (HRA) and neck proprioception through cervical stabilization exercises in healthy adults. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Thirteen participants with no previous history of neck pain or injury to the cervical spine were recruited. HRA was measured by equipment including laser pointer, helmet, eye patch and marking pens. The distance between the spot where the beam had stopped and the center of the graph paper was measured three times with the averaged value used as the head repositioning accuracy. Neck proprioception was measured by a cervical range of motion device (CROM). Subjects wore the CROM tester and were to look straight ahead while bending his/her neck. Subjects were instructed to perform extension, lateral flexion and rotation, and the values were then measured and recorded. The measurements were performed pre-intervention, and after cervical stabilization exercise. Results: There was no significant difference on HRA after intervention. In addition, there was no significant difference on neck proprioception compared with pre-intervention. Conclusions: The present study did not identify any effect on HRA and neck proprioception of cervical stabilization exercise. Further investigations are required to elucidate this in old aged participants and patients with neck pain.