• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.32 no.8
• /
• pp.637-643
• /
• 2008

When planning outfall system, the first target cif design is to maximize initial dilution of discharge effluent. To achieve the target effectively, the characteristics of mixing phenomenon between ambient and discharged water should be analyzed. Especially the analysis at the Near-Field-Region(NFR) as initial dilution zone should be preceded. Usually, the initial behavior of effluent through outfall system is rising toward the surface due to mixing with ambient water for heat discharge and sinking toward the bottom due to the difference of density for brine discharge. After mixed with eddies accompanied by the ambient water, the plumes are showing the same density and internal current pattern by advection and diffusion. Until recently, lots of studies are being carried out for the optimum design of outfall system. but it is difficult to find any studies of heat and brine discharge at the same time. Therefore, this study is hoped to provide some basic data for optimum design of outfall system.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 1999

This paper presents a quasi-three-dimensional calculation method considered a spanwise mixing effect in a diagonal flow impeller. The effect of this spanwise mixing caused by spanwise distribution of blade loading is evaluated by a secondary flow theory. In order to verify the validity of this method, it is applied to the analysis of a diagonal flow fan designed under a vortex type of constant circumferential velocity and that of a free vortex. The comparison of the calculated result with experimental data shows a good agreement except the regions near the casing where the flow field is affected by the tip leakage flow.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2002.08a
• /
• pp.513-516
• /
• 2002

The flow structure and heat transfer characteristics of a turbulent buoyant jet were investigated experimentally. The instantaneous temperature and velocity fields in the near field were measured using a two-frame PIV and PLIF techniques. A thin light sheet illuminated a two-dimensional cross section of the buoyant jet in which Rhodamine B was added as a fluorescent dye. The intensity variations of LIF signal from Rhodamine B molecules scattered by the laser light were captured by a CCD camera after passing an optical filter. By ensemble averaging the instantaneous temperature and velocity fields, the mean temperature and velocity fields as well as the spatial distributions of turbulent statistics were obtained. The results show the flow structure and convective heat transfer of the developing shear layer in the near field.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.218-222
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 ${\sigma}$-좌표계를 기반으로 하는 3차원의 이송확산 모형과 depth-integrated eddy simulation 모형을 결합한 효율적인 3차원 근역 (near-field) 해석모형을 제시하였다. 흐름 모형은 Boussinesq-type equations과 stochastic backscatter model을 기본으로 하고 있다. 이 흐름 모형은 수면의 변화와 바닥으로부터 발생하는 전단력과 파랑의 유동으로부터 발행하는 수심방향의 유속분포를 예측할 수 있다. 이와 같은 흐름 정보를 3차원 ${\sigma}$-좌표계의 이송확산모형에 제공하고 scalar의 이송과 확산에 대한 거동을 계산한다. 기본적인 이송과 이송-확산에 대한 검증 및 개수로에서 정량적 검증과 정성적 검증을 수행하였다. 전반적으로 타당한 결과가 도출되어 모형의 적합성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2004

The numerous investments have been introduced to design and assess mixing zone characteristics of wastewater discharges to the ocean. Specially It strive to meet water quality standard for persistent and bio-accumulative chemical contaminants at the point of discharge through continual improvement pollution prevention measures and other voluntary measures in the developed country. The goals that of this paper are to emphasize the regulatory mixing zone is defined as an allocated impact zone where the numeric water quality criteria may be exceeded as long as acutely toxic conditions are prevent. Furthermore, mixing zones be limited to an area or volume as small as practicable that with not interfere with the designated uses or the established community of aquatic life in the segment for which the uses are designated and the shape be a simple configuration that is easy to locate in the body of water and avoids impingement on biologically important areas and the shore hugging plumes should be avoided This results should be used with caution in evaluation the mixing zone characteristics of a discharge and only in conjunction with information from the effective marine outfall design as well as for the sound harbour design. Thus the numerical investigation using CORMIX has been performed to show the regulatory mixing zone in the near and far field of the marine outfall.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.149-151
• /
• 2005

We have studied the environmental effect on optical-NIR color gradients of 273 nearby elliptical galaxies. Color gradient is a good tool to study the evolutionary history of elliptical galaxies, since the steepness of the color gradient reflects merging history of early types. When an elliptical galaxy goes through many merging events, the color gradient can be get less steep or reversed due to mixing of stars. One simple way to measure color gradient is to compare half-light radii in different bands. We have compared the optical and near infrared half-light radii of 273 early-type galaxies from Pahre (1999). Not surprisingly, we find that $r_e(V)s$ (half-light radii measured in V-band) are in general larger than $r_e(K)s$ (half-light radii measured in K-band). However, when divided into different environments, we find that elliptical galaxies in the denser environment have gentler color gradients than those in the less dense environment. Our finding suggests that elliptical galaxies in the dense environment have undergone many merging events and the mixing of stars through the merging have created the gentle color gradients.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2012.04a
• /
• pp.201-202
• /
• 2012

The isothermal flow structure and mixing characteristics of a hybrid/dual swirl jet combustor for micro-gas turbine were numerically investigated. Location of pilot nozzle, angle and direction of swirl vane were varied as main parameters with constant fuel flow rates for each nozzle. As a result, the variation in location of pilot nozzle resulted in significant change in turbulent flow field near burner exit, in particular, center toroidal recirculation zone (CTRZ) as well as turbulent intensity, and thus flame stability and emission characteristics might be significantly changed. The swirl angle of $45^{\circ}$ provided similar recirculating flow patterns in a wide range of equivalence ratio (0.5~1.0). Compared to the co-swirl flow, the counter-swirl flow leaded to the reduction in CTRZ and fuel-air mixing near the burner exit and a weak interaction between the pilot partially premixed flame and the lean premixed flame. With the comparison of experimental results, it was confirmed that the case of co-swirl flow and swirl $angle=45^{\circ}$ would provided an optimized combustor performance in terms of flame stability and pollutant emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of seeding methods for quarry rehabilitation. To achieve the objective, the experiment was designed for rehabilitation of quarry with seed mixing types (woody type and herbaceous type) and forest topsoil. Seeds and seeding materials were applied to the quarry slope using hydroseeding measures. The study was conducted in limestone quarry (Lafarge Halla Cement Inc.) near Baekdu Daegan Mountain System at Okke, Kanwon-do. The experimental seedbed was set in 2007 and field investigation was carried out from 2007 to 2010. As the result of experiment, it was found that the early-phase pattern for surveyed species to establish was affected by the soil mixture types. The mixture type of herbaceous seeds resulted in the higher plant coverage than the woody seeds. The application of forest topsoil showed a potential increase the plant diversity, but it was affected by mixing seeds. Naturally-emerged species as Alnus hirsuta, Quercus mongolica will be useful for rehabilitation at the quarry and damaged slopes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.08a
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2003

발전소 온배수와 같은 페열의 방류는 여타 방류와는 달리 방류량이 단위 호기당 20-50ton/s 가량으로 매우 크며, 따라서 그 영향을 받는 해역도 매우 크다는 점이 특징이다. 최근 국내에서 시도되고 있는 심층 온배수 방류는 주변수에 비해 밀도가 작은 제트나 플룸의 형성 후 급격한 부력상승과 밀도차에 의한 수평 부력 확장(lateral buoyant spread)이 준 지배적인 현상으로 하수장의 혼합에 비해 즘 더 복잡한 양상을 띄게 된다. (중략)

• Journal of KSNVE
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 1999

A perforated tube nozzle as an exhaust noise suppressor of a high-speed civil transport(HSCT) is proposed. The experimental results for the near and far field sound. the visualization of jet structures and the static pressure distributions in the jet passing through a perforated tube are presented and discussed in comparison with those for a simple tube. It is shown that the perforated tube has an excellent performance to greatly reduce the shock-associated noise and that also the turbulent mixing noise is reduced in the range of a limited jet pressure ratio. This considerable noise reduction is due to the pressure relief caused by the through-flow through the perforated holes. Such a pressure relief results in the transformation of normal shock waves into weak Mach waves of X -type and increases the thrust force of the perforated tube nozzle.