• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1998

Zoning areas within national parks in Korea are classified into Natural Preservation Zone(NPZ). Natural Environment Zone(NEZ), Settlement Zone(SZ) and Mass Facility Zone(MFZ) based on the Natural Park Act Large-scale development which might cause permanent destruction of natural resources are being done in NEZ which covers 90% of the total natural park area. Thus it is necessary to examine National Park Act which refers the authorized criteria and development activities of NEZ. However, the current environmental impact statement(EIS) does not cover the full impact of the development inside the national park area. Based on these concepts, the study examines the appropriate resources to distinguish the NPZ and NEZ in Mt. Teogyu National Park, then compare the distribution of resource characteristics between two area by using GIS. Through this study, the conclusions are as follows; (1) In terms of scenic resource analysis, the current NPZ does not meet the criteria on the National Park Act Rather, most of the resources which should be located within the NPZ are located within the NEZ. (2) In terms of elevation analysis, Mt. Teogyu National Park, most of NPZ are located on high altitude which is more than l,200m above the mean sea level. Therefore, it shows the elevation is the only criteria for distinguishing NPZ and NEZ. (3) In terms of Degree of Green Naturality(DGN), the second forest areas, the eighth grade of DGN in Mt. Teogyu National Park are distributed much more in the NEZ than NPZ. (4) After examining five factors - scenic resources, elevation, slope and DGN, vegetation- it was found out that zoning of Mt. Teogyu National Park is not adequatly designated. Zoning of national parks should be accomplished based on the precise inventory of the current resources.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.61-80
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• 1997

This study tried to propose the guidelines for the ecological preservation zoning in Korea. So some related laws and regulations were inspected, which were Natural Environment Preservation Act, Nature Park Act, Cultural Asset Conservation Act, Forest Act and Urban Planning Act. In these acts, I could find several concepts related to the ecosystem that are described as the protection area. But there aren't detailed and practical characteristics in those concepts. So for making the practical concept of ecosystem preservation, I considered Multiple Use Module, Wildlife habitat model, and Environmental evaluation model. Thorough this step, the process and methodology was established for evaluating and analysing. The potentiality of the GIS system was inspected. So the TM5 scene of the site was acquired and processed by ER-Mapper, Idrisi, Arc/Info and Arcview. And several digitized data were input by scanning and vecterizing. The Erdas format was mostly exchangeable to any program. The site is the Byonsan Peninsula National Park. The forest stand information and topographic data were digitized, types of which are forest year, DBH, density, slope, aspect etc. And also the watershed boundary, roads and paths, natural and cultural resources were mapped and analysed. Modelling of preservation suitability found the dispersed patterns for the best suitable zone through all the site. And the development potential areas were checked on downwatershed. This patterns are thought to result from the forest location for the wildlife habitat and the low altitude and no-steep slopes for developing. And Early warning system concept was introduced by overlapping these two patterns on the both potential area. As the conclusions, I proposed that the preservation zone be assigned according to the watershed unit as the main ecosystem zone. This main area should be linked by the eco-corridor through the point type eco-system. Finally, I thought the comprehensive information system should be established for making the rational and efficient decision making in natural area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

The natural ecology of our coastal zone has been well preserved because of the designation of Han-Ryea national sea park. However, recently, it is being threatened by the frequent request of district regulation of national park and relaxation of green belt, etc. And also, with the reclamation of the foreshore by the development of industrial complex and tourism resource cultivation on a large scale, development pressure for natural coast is increasing. For that reason, preservation of the ecology, organized management and investigation is needed for the islands which scenery is beautiful and rare animals and plants inhabit. And also, it is worried that major habitats of migrants are diminishing because of the district regulation of national park, relaxation of green belt zone and construction of coastal streets. Therefore. on the basis of the through environmental impact assessment, only the business which are aimed at the preservation and restoration of the natural coast should be admitted and the act of eroding must be restricted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.365-370
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• 1999

The revision of domestic laws is in progress according to the UN Convention on the Law of the Coastal Zone Management . Along with it, the governmental policies related to maritime environmental preservation, especially around coastal zones and public works have been promoted based on enviornment, swiftly changed from the old function-based style. Therefore, this report will point out the important aspects which should be considered whenever there is any project on the coastal zones, suggest and classify projects of reviving the nationwide coastal zones, and show how to planning , check and evaluate the necessary technologies for reviving the coastal zones. This research will track down the coastal zone management method based on the natural enviornment as one of the necessary process to check the coastal zone enviornment for effective operating of the coastal zone management equipment method, starting on August 9, 1999, and report the technologies related with it.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.71-83
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• 2013

In this study, the ecological presevation zone on uninhabited islands was established based on the setting of geomorphological landscape. The 14 uninhabited islands, which are scattered around the Goseong-gun and Tongyeong-si region have been surveyed on field. As a result of study, uninhabited island of Goseong-gun and Tongyeong-si was classified the absolute preservation areas(I), preservation areas(II), quasi-preservation areas(III), and a available areas(IV). These results evaluated 5 islands of Anjang Island(Maan-do), Bam Island, Saetgaekkeut, Dae Island(Juk-do) and Ttandok Island to be absolute preservation areas(I), the 8 islands of Mana Island, Yuk Island, Nabi Island, Sochi Island, Yongdu-do, Daeho-do, Jam-do, and Hwa-do to be preservation areas(II), the 1 island of Goeam Island to be quasipreservation areas(III). Those islands selected as absolute preservation areas and preservation areas have especially outstanding geomorphological landscape resources, and are expected to be able for use as natural study fields or as outdoor laboratories.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2005

Chirisan National Park, the first and largest one out of 20 national parks in Korea, is divided into five zones. They are composed of nature preservation zone, natural environment zone, natural residential zone, concentrated residential zone, and collective facility zone. However, the park is not a continuous habitat: roads, trails, local residences, and various facilities created the habitat mosaics severely fragmented. We investigated the fragmentation pattern of the park due to roads and mountain trails using GIS. Based on perimeter length, area, and the ratio of perimeter to area of each patch, we obtained landscape analysis indices which reflect the regularity of the patch shape. The 1 m-wide hiking trails divided the park into 491 fragments. The legal trails with 1.5 m - 3 m width which have been heavily used by hikers generate 58 fragments. Even the nature preservation zone, corresponding to a core zone comprising 31.8% of the park area, was divided into 37 fragments because of the roads and mountain trails. With the different widths of buffer applied, the core sizes of the fragments were reduced. When the 60 m buffer was applied, the patch interior areas ranged from 0.0001 to 47.77 $km^2$ with a mean of 7.08 $km^2$. The landscape shape indices were far greater than 1 for most of the cases with a maximum value of 25. These results clearly indicate that Chirisan National Park is not a continuous habitat, but mosaics of small, irregularly shaped habitat fragments. It is necessary to take the size and shape of the fragmented habitats into consideration when nature conservation is planned, especially for large wildlife such as brown bears.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

Newly revised Urban Park Act and Land Planning Law are evaluated. Through exploring their functions and limits. Critical guidelines for Green Space Preservation and Planning Law are suggestec. The following is the summary of the findings: 1. New urban and regina! planning system has the foundation for green space plannig expressed as environmental planning, green space planning, landscape planning and park planning. 2. New Urban park act broadens and diversifies the range of urban park and green space(eg, stream and river, road, detention pond etc.) 3. The Urban Natural park items are removed because of long tenn unconstructed urban facilities and the new concept of 'Urban Park Zone' are inserted. And Green Space Preservation District and Urban Greening District's were introduced. And system of Contract of green space utilization and Agreement of Greening were adapted. 4. There exists new emerging needs for establishment of comprehensive green space preservation and planning law. 5. And the green space system can be classified to preservation system, recreation system and scenery system .. 6. The types of proposed green space planning are regional green space plg. urban green space plg, and district unit green space plg.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.170-187
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic datd for establishing a basic park management plan for Bulamsan Urban Nature Park. This research surveys very closely about the present condition of the natural ecosystem based on the examination and analysis of the present condition. This research suggests development and management methods for environment-friendly park by understanding damages on the ecosystem due to overuse, as well as park facilities and their effects on the surrounding environment, using quantative analysis. The three steps: researching the present condition research, ecosystem evaluation, and park management plan were taken in order. The present condition research is based on the general condition, natural environment, and natural ecosystem data. In the ecosystem evaluation, wildlife habitats evaluation, landscape evaluation, and biotope type research which is a materialized form of the plant ecosystem were excuted based on the present condition research data. In the park management plan step, 1) classified ecosystem and landscae preservation zone, ecosystem protection zone and ecosystem restoration zone as ecosystem and landscape preservation plan, 2) plannings for ecosystem, fine landscape preservation, damaged area restoration and recovery plan were established in order to suggest environment-friendly plan,

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.133-144
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• 2010

The objective of this planning proposal is to rehabilitate the urban stream which has been ecologically disturbed in the urban process. The experimental stream, Su-am stream located in Anyang City is typical urban stream in adjacent land use and the spatial condition. The stream in the watershed context, is the second tributary of Han River, in the Anyangcheon watershed. The Characteristics of the stream reach were analyzed by the river corridor survey. In the conceptual phase, Rehabilitation Programs were established based on the hydrological, ecological and spatial characteristics of the stream. Spatial zoning concept according to the characteristics of the stream and adjacent land use, was suggested 4 types of zoning; ecological preservation zone, natural landscape zone, neighborhood water-friendly zone and CBD water-friendly zone. Implementation Practices can be summarized as follow: For The longitudinal river continuum, some In-stream practices were suggested and implemented; such as channel alignment, step & pool, pool & riffle and low-flow channel bank. For latitudinal continuum and intimate spatial relationship between Sam-duk Park & Su-am stream, gentle sloped bank was planned and implemented. After stream improvement & ecological Implementation, follow-up monitoring and adaptive management programs will be a meaningful process for ecological rehabilitation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.647-657
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• 2018

This study was carried out to review as criteria for zoning at management plan for river restoration, in case of naturalness of river environment and suitability of water friendly activity suggested at assessment system of river environment in Korea. As a result of reviewing law and guidelines concerned, historic & cultural resources used as criteria for preservation zone, it was judged that the historical and cultural value as the preservation zone needs to be examined in connection with waterfriendly activity zone. In this study, we propose a sequential evaluation method to distinguish the waterfriendly activity zone by applying suitability of waterfriendly activity reflecting land use social characteristics, followed division of preservation and restoration zone at the first stage by the naturalness of river environment reflecting the natural environmental characteristics as a result of application to the test bed, Gap and Yudeung streams. In particular, it was concluded that the results of the present study provided more clear criteria for the problem that the last criteria for zoning did not reflect the difference between the left and the right side of stream, or the designation of the excessive water friendly zone. On the other hand, the criteria for designation in this study reflect the characteristics of various river environments as well as the setting of assessment unit based on the physical characteristics of rivers, and other legal regulations and local situations should be adjusted and supplemented in administrative procedures.