• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2018

Queen honey bees (Apis cerana) can be reared artificially on demand by the use of grafting technique. The technique consists of grafting young worker larvae into queen cell cups and raising in a queenless strong colony. As the age of grafted larvae for queen rearing exhibited several aspects related to quality and reproductive potential of queen, this study were conducted to investigate the influence of age of grafted larva on morphological characteristics and lifespan of queen, and the growth of colony she headed. Our results demonstrated that queens reared from young worker larvae (i.e., less than 1-day old larvae) were significantly larger in size (i.e., body weight and thorax width) than that of queens reared from 2-day old worker larvae. Moreover, queens reared from younger worker larvae initiated egg-laying earlier, stored more spermatozoa in spermatheca and had a longer lifespan compared to queens raised from older worker larvae. We also found a significant positive effect of queen grafting age on the production of worker and drone brood, adult worker population in colonies headed by queens reared from younger larvae. These findings suggested that rearing queens from brood grafted at the earliest possible age could increase the reproductive potential of queen as well as fitness of colony she head.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.625-632
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• 2018

Malaria remains one of the leading health burdens in the developing world, especially in several sub-Saharan Africa countries; and Uganda has some of the highest recorded measures of malaria transmission intensity in the world. It is evident that the prevalence of malaria infection, the incidence of disease, and mortality from severe malaria remain very high in Uganda. Although the recent stable political and economic situation in the last few decades in Uganda supported for a fairly good appreciation of malaria control, the declines in infection, morbidity, and mortality are not sufficient to interrupt transmission and this country is among the top 4 countries with cases of malaria, especially among children under 5 years of age. In fact, Uganda, which is endemic in over 95% of the country, is a representative of challenges facing malaria control in Africa. In this study, we evaluated an active case detection program in 6 randomly selected villages, Uganda. This program covered a potential target population of 5,017 individuals. Our team screened 12,257 samples of malaria by active case detection, every 4 months, from February 2015 to January 2017 in the 6 villages (a total of 6 times). This study assessed the perceptions and practices on malaria control in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi district, Uganda. Our study presents that the incidence of malaria is sustained high despite efforts to scale-up and improve the use of LLINs and access to ACDs, based on the average incidence confirmed by RDTs.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

The young generation in life cycle that social position is rapidly changing is play an important role in a regional development because they can increase social and natural population in the region. This study analyzed the relationship between the movement of young generation and the regional characteristics including housing market characteristics in Seoul. As the results, the movement of young generation was influenced by commuting distance and location of jobs as the gravity model has suggested. In addition, housing supply and housing price (or Jeonse price) is an important factor for the movement of young generation. It can be inferred that the more price gap such as Jeonse price and housing supply gap are increased, the more out-migration of young generation in Seoul is increased. However, the housing demand of young generation in employment centers will be increased because jobs contribute to increasing the inflow of young people. Therefore, the policies of central and Seoul government that supply housing in job rich and high accessibility areas are needed for young generation. In addition, if public housing and affordable housing are supplied in the other areas, it can contribute to reduce the out-migration of young people in Seoul.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation factors for formation of the future - oriented rural residential environment and to derive the importance of this evaluation factors. The main research methods are network analysis using Net-miner, AHP analysis and importance analysis for experts. The main research results are as follows. First, 6 factors for evaluation rural residential environment(environmental-sustainability, communality, self-reliance, aesthetic, enjoyment, settlement), 3 sub-factors of each factors, and key physical facilities(10 for rural center and 28 for rural villages) were derived by literature analysis and network analysis on it. Second, key priority factors that should be considered in physical formation of rural residential environment was deducted by AHP analysis. Improving accessibility of living services in the settlement factor, improvement of garbage collection and wastewater treatment system around the residential area, and ensuring topographic continuity in the environmental-sustainability factor was derived as a priority factors. Third, as a result of evaluation of the importance of physical facilities in the rural residential environment, there was a high demand for cultural welfare facilities in common. However, when compared with the villages where the harmony between the natural environment and the living environment is emphasized, convenience of living and accessibility of transportation were important in the rural center. These results suggest that solving the qualitative conditions as residential environment will help to attract new population. This study will contribute to enhance the qualitative level of the rural residential environment by suggesting strategic priority items when carrying out projects related to the rural residential environment creation in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.693-724
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• 2021

The in-vitro meat is a novel concept in food biotechnology comprising field of tissue engineering and cellular agriculture. It involves production of edible biomass by in-vitro culture of stem cells harvested from the muscle of live animals by self-organizing or scaffolding methodology. It is considered as efficient, environmental friendly, better ensuring public safety and nutritional security, as well as ethical way of producing meat. Source of stem cells, media ingredients, supply of large size bioreactors, skilled manpower, sanitary requirements, production of products with similar sensory and textural attributes as of conventional meat, consumer acceptance, and proper set up of regulatory framework are challenges faced in commercialization and consumer acceptance of in-vitro meat. To realize any perceivable change in various socio-economic and environmental spheres, the technology should be commercialized and should be cost-effective as conventional meat and widely accepted among consumers. The new challenges of increasing demand of meat with the increasing population could be fulfill by the establishment of in-vitro meat production at large scale and its popularization. The adoption of in-vitro meat production at an industrial scale will lead to self-sufficiency in the developed world.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.637-645
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• 2019

Global warming and a new energy policy request the energy saving and pollutant emission control in municipal level. Previous studies focus on transportation in the Seoul metropolitan area which can easily meet the policy goal by reducing it. This study expands the area of urban energy planning to the industries and land use which takes up most of energy use of the city. We empirically study the Busan metropolitan area's 5 years natural gas and electricity consumption data by the industries and land use. Results show that energy usage significantly depends on not only population but also urbanizing intensity and industrial category. This paper address that the policy maker need to pay attention on energy usage pattern of each sectors during the planning.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2021

Objective : This study aims to investigate the relationship between aneurysm wall enhancement and clinical rupture risks based on the magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI) quantitative methods. Methods : One hundred and eight patients with 127 unruptured aneurysms were prospectively enrolled from Feburary 2016 to October 2017. Aneurysms were divided into high risk (≥10) and intermediate-low risk group (<10) according to the PHASES (Population, Hypertension, Age, Size of aneurysm, Earlier SAH history from another aneurysm, Site of aneurysm) scores. Clinical risk factors, aneurysm morphology, and wall enhancement index (WEI) calculated using 3D MR-VWI were analyzed and compared. Results : In comparison of high-risk and intermediated-low risk groups, univariate analysis showed that neck width (4.5±3.3 mm vs. 3.4±1.7 mm, p=0.002), the presence of wall enhancement (100.0% vs. 62.9%, p<0.001), and WEI (1.6±0.6 vs. 0.8±0.8, p<0.001) were significantly associated with high rupture risk. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that WEI was the most important factor in predicting high rupture risk (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.9; p=0.002). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis can efficiently differentiate higher risk aneurysms (area under the curve, 0.780; p<0.001) which have a reliable WEI cutoff value (1.04; sensitivity, 0.833; specificity, 0.67) predictive of high rupture risk. Conclusion : Aneurysms with higher rupture risk based on PHASES score demonstrate increased neck width, wall enhancement, and the enhancement intensity. Higher WEI in unruptured aneurysms has a predictive value for increased rupture risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.125-135
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• 2020

The uncontrolled urban expansion causes various social, economic problems and natural/environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to forecast urban expansion by identifying various factors related to urban expansion. This study aims to forecast it using a decision tree that is widely used in various areas. The study used geographic data such as the area of use, geographical data like elevation and slope, the environmental conservation value assessment map, and population density data for 2006 and 2018. It extracted the new urban expansion areas by comparing the residential, industrial, and commercial zones of the zoning in 2006 and 2018 and derived a decision tree using the 2006 data as independent variables. It is intended to forecast urban expansion in 2030 by applying the data for 2018 to the derived decision tree. The analysis result confirmed that the distance from the green area, the elevation, the grade of the environmental conservation value assessment map, and the distance from the industrial area were important factors in forecasting the urban area expansion. The AUC of 0.95051 showed excellent explanatory power in the ROC analysis performed to verify the accuracy. However, the forecast of the urban area expansion for 2018 using the decision tree was 15,459.98㎢, which was significantly different from the actual urban area of 4,144.93㎢ for 2018. Since many regions use decision tree to forecast urban expansion, they can be useful for identifying which factors affect urban expansion, although they are not suitable for forecasting the expansion of urban region in detail. Identifying such important factors for urban expansion is expected to provide information that can be used in future land, urban, and environmental planning.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.729-735
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• 2020

A college campus tour is a great opportunity to promote the school environment, facilities and history to visitors or prospective students. Along with the population of smart phones and the advancement of information and communication technologies, many universities have recently provided mobile applications for campus tour, and some are starting to utilize augmented reality technology. However, most of the existing campus tour augmented reality systems tended to present a description-oriented campus tour guide. Their main focus is simply to provide information about the campus's main buildings or symbols. This study focuses on self-guided tours of the campus through games making new students and visitors to get familiar with the campus in a more natural and intuitive way. In this paper we present the design and development of a location-based mobile augmented reality treasure hunt game to enhance the user experience.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.506-515
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• 2021

Objective: Initial consequence of inbreeding is inbreeding depression which impairs the performance of growth, production, health, fertility and survival traits in different animal breeds and populations. The effect of inbreeding on economically important traits should be accurately estimated. The effect of inbreeding depression on growth traits in sheep has been reported in many breeds. Based on this, the main objective of the present research was to evaluate the impact of inbreeding on some growth traits of Iranian Baluchi sheep breed using quantile regression model. Methods: Pedigree and growth traits records of 13,633 Baluchi lambs born from year 1989 to 2016 were used in this research. The traits were birth weight, weaning weight, six-month weight, nine-month weight, and yearling weight. The contribution, inbreeding and co-ancestry software was used to calculate the pedigree statistics and inbreeding coefficients. To evaluate the impact of inbreeding on different quantiles of each growth trait, a series of quantile regression models were fitted using QUANTREG procedure of SAS software. Annual trend of inbreeding was also estimated fitting a simple linear regression of lamb's inbreeding coefficient on the birth year. Results: Average inbreeding coefficient of the population was 1.63 percent. Annual increase rate of inbreeding of the flock was 0.11 percent (p<0.01). The results showed that the effect of inbreeding in different quantiles of growth traits is not similar. Also, inbreeding affected differently on growth traits, considering lambs' sex and type of birth. Conclusion: Quantile regression revealed that inbreeding did not have similar effect on different quantiles of growth traits in Iranian Baluchi lambs indicating that at a given age and inbreeding coefficient, lambs with different sex and birth type were not equally influenced by inbreeding.