• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.191-213
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• 2011

This paper presents an improved 8-node shell element for the analysis of plates and shells. The finite element, based on a refined first-order shear deformation theory, is further improved by the combined use of assumed natural strain method. We analyze the influence of the shell element with the different patterns of sampling points for interpolating different components of strains. Using the assumed natural strain method with proper interpolation functions, the present shell element generates neither membrane nor shear locking behavior even when full integration is used in the formulation. Further, a refined first-order shear deformation theory, which results in parabolic through-thickness distribution of the transverse shear strains from the formulation based on the third-order shear deformation theory, is proposed. This formulation eliminates the need for shear correction factors in the first-order theory. Numerical examples demonstrate that the present element perform better in comparison with other shell elements.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2012

We research the properties of solutions of general higher order non-homogeneous linear differential equations and apply the hyper order to obtain more precise estimation for the growth of solutions of infinite order.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2013

We know that humans are able to live comfortably when there is a balance between the living environment that surrounds us and us. Clothing, one of the necessities of life, serves a dual purpose of functioning as protection for the body as well as providing visual satisfaction, and so is the most effective bonding mechanism. A different type of comfort that has been provided through industrialization and advancements in technology has resulted in pollution problems in the environment, and it has reached a point of seriously thinking about its effects. The biggest problems in environmental pollution are air pollution and waste disposal, and something that cannot be ignored is that environmental hormones and harmful heavy metals have been discovered in the synthetic dyes used in the clothing product, and not only are they harmful to the body, but they also have adverse effects on skin allergies such as atopic dermatitis. Its effects on clothing, especially underwear and baby products, can become a serious issue. The use of natural vegetable dye can be considered the basis for the traditional Korean dyeing process, however not all natural dyeing process can be thought of as traditional Korean dyeing. This is because natural dyeing used to be the most common method of dyeing before synthetic dyes came along and became the dye of choice for most clothing. Natural dyes are beneficial to the body, and the nature colors, achieved from the natural materials, relieve eye strains as well as have a healing effect for people who are suffering from psychological instability such as stress. However, the use of mordant in order to increase the fastness and get better color effects can lead to even more damage to the environment, and it cannot be a dyeing method that is good for the body. Traditional natural dyeing is different from regular natural dyeing because it uses colors that the Korean people can identify with and applies specific methods in order to achieve those colors. Even though experimental study with dyestuff and practical use of the dyeing methods for traditional Korean dyeing has been started(Soh, H., 1983) and has been ongoing, it is still not easy for regular people to use the method on their own. At the present time, natural dye materials are getting made and sold more than ever, but there is a lot of confusion among consumers regarding the difference between traditional Korean dyeing and natural dyeing, as companies are using the two terms interchangeably to market their natural dye products. So getting a better understanding of the characteristics of traditional Korean dyeing and traditional colors should be considered first priority at this time. The purpose of this thesis is to study the traditional Korean view of color, which developed the culture of traditional dyeing in Korea, and the characteristics of traditional Korean dyeing, a method that pursued achieving Korea's color through natural dyeing.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.637-647
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• 2016

Purpose: This research was to understand the consumer awareness and consumption of natural carbonated drinks in Korea. Methods: A survey was conducted enrolling adults over the age of 20, residing in Seoul and its metropolitan area, and who consumed natural carbonated drinks. Data analysis of 544 valid samples was performed using SPSS 17.0. Results: The study showed that consumers mostly purchased natural carbonated water the most, primarily as a water substitute. However, many other usages that the consumer selected showed a possibility for a more versatile usages of natural carbonated drinks. As for the reason of purchase, 'interest in a new product' showed the highest mean value. The factor 'interest in a new product', 'interest in its effectiveness on skin care and diet', 'lower-calorie products', 'health benefits from the usage of natural flavoring and coloring' and 'recommendation from acquaintances' showed statistically significant higher values for women than men. The most frequent and preferred location for purchase were large discount stores, and the most preferred, major informants were in the order 'tasting events at marts and department stores', 'TV/radio advertisement' and 'recommendations from family/friends'. Analysis of the purchase intent showed high interest for non-alcoholic natural carbonated drinks. Conclusion: The study results can be used as baseline data to establish marketing strategies in the emerging natural carbonated beverage market.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2006

The total monoterpenoid content of the pine litter layer and the availability of these compounds as inhibitors/stimulators on Polysphondylium violaceum of cellular slime molds were investigated. In order to determine the several monoterpenoids in the natural environment, we examined their concentrations in fresh, senescent, and decaying needles from 3 pine species (Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. rigida) by litter bag method. Total monoterpenoid content was highest in the fresh needles, but also remained relatively high in senescent needles. The effect of monoterpenoids identified from Pinus plants on the growth of P. violaceum was studied. We tested four concentrations (1, 0.1, 0.01, and $0.001\;{\mu}g/{\mu}L$) of each compound by using a disk volatilization technique. Each compound was treated after germination of spores of P. violaceum. All of the compounds at $1\;{\mu}g/{\mu}L$ concentration had a very strong inhibitory effect on cell growth of P. violaceum. Fenchone at all concentrations, myrcene, verbenone, bornyl acetate, and limonene at low concentrations stimulated the growth of P. violaceum. These results suggest that inhibitory or enhancing effects of selected monoterpenoids depend upon the concentration of the individual compound.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.148-158
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of earthquake on apartment prices. Many studies have been done analyzing the relationship between natural hazards and residential property prices. Most studies have shown that natural hazards have an negative effect on residential property prices, but some studies have shown that natural hazards have an positive effect on residential property prices. These conflicting analysis result from the lack of considering natural hazard frequency at the analysis site. According to literature reviews risk avoidance tendency are already inherent in prices, thus distorting the relationship between natural hazards and prices. That is, in order to analyze the impact of natural hazards on residential property prices, analysis must be carried out in areas where there has not suffered natural hazard for a long time or where there has been no damage before. Nevertheless, previous studies analyzed areas frequently affected by natural hazards. Gyeongju has been recognized as a safe area from earthquake in the past, an 5.8 magnitude earthquake occurred in September 2016. Analysis results focusing on Gyeongju Earthquake case has shown that the earthquake has affected decrease of apartment prices in hazardous areas, and after earthquake apartment prices have risen over time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 2018

The flow of cooling water in a passive containment cooling system (PCCS), used to remove heat released in design basis accidents from a concrete containment of light water nuclear power plant, was conducted in order to investigate the thermo-fluid equilibrium among many parallel tubes of PCCS. Numerical simulations of the subcooled boiling flow within a coolant loop of a PCCS, which will be installed in innovative pressurized-water reactor (PWR), were conducted using the commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-CFX. Shear stress transport (SST) and the RPI model were used for turbulence closure and subcooled flow boiling, respectively. As the first step, the simplified geometry of PCCS with 36 tubes was modeled in order to reduce computational resource. Even and uneven thermal loading conditions were applied at the outer walls of parallel tubes for the simulation of the coolant flow in the PCCS at the initial phase of accident. It was observed that the natural circulation maintained in single-phase for all even and uneven thermal loading cases. For uneven thermal loading cases, coolant velocity in each tube were increased according to the applied heat flux. However, the flows were mixed well in the header and natural circulation of the whole cooling loop was not affected by uneven thermal loading significantly.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.459-466
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• 2007

The Korean Musk deer (Moschus Moschiferus) is endangered due to heavy hunting and Massive destructions of natural habitat. They are included in CITES appendix II. In addition they are designated as a precious natural product in 1968 and listed as endangered species by the Government and Cultural Heritage Administration. At present, the number of musk deer in Korea is smaller than minimum viable population. Without increment of the population size, natural restoration is impossible. It is necessary to develop the artificial growth and re-enforcement methods in order to conservation Korean musk deer. Furthermore, It is necessary to ensure that we have an adequate individual group for artificial growth and re-enforcement. To ensure that we have an adequate individual group, it is necessary to know ecology of musk deer. This study is conducted to confirm and investigate of habitat of musk deer in order to capture individual musk deer. we investigated, confirmed habitats, found traces and captured using trap and decoy. Captured musk deer is male and 5.5 kg, this have canine tooth of 1.5cm, is estimated 15 months old. After capture, we measured each parts of body and tested to research of parasite infection. Strongyloides papillous was founded in the feces. It is essential to get healthy individual and establish of artificial growth technique.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.64
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• pp.239-264
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• 2014

Two types of responses to climate change exist. First is climate mitigation which includes efforts of reducing CO2 and GHG emissions. Second response is climate adaptation process which is establishing climate resilience in the supply chain. The two are inherently different since mitigation strategy focus on eliminating the source of climate change and is long term in nature but adaptation strategy is moderating the impact of potential or current climate change. In order to embed climate resilience in the supply chain, mitigation strategies and adaption strategies must be implemented simultaneously. Corporation's adaptation to climate change related natural disaster can be seen as a response that includes mitigation and adaptation strategies simultaneously. A comprehensive climate change resilience supply chain approach has to be developed. This paper illustrated guidelines and adaptation process framework businesses can utilize in order to build climate resilience. Screening process before the actual assessment of risk was introduced as well as the whole adaptation process of establishing information system and strengthening climate-related operational flexibility.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.351-364
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• 1996

This study aimed at identifying the organization of contents, the level and scope, the time of study and experiment acivities in science text books by comparing and analizing the characteristics of the Elementary School Educational Curriculum in Korea, China and Japan. First, the objectives of science subject are focussed on understanding nature exactly, learning inquiry methods and developping scientific attitudes. This is very desirable in the lights of teaching students' characteristics. Second, three countries, Korea, China and japan treat the natural phenomena impartially in the formation of the contents of natural science. Especially, china threats scientic contents related to the real life themes importantly. Third, the number of concepts and pages of the natural science textbook are put in Korea. China and Japan in order. Time of study and the level scope of contents in natural science should be composed of desirable national situations. Forth, the time of experiment activities is put in Korea, Japan and china also in order.