• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.135-138
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• 2003

Based on solid phase extraction, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry procedure for determining phenol and its derivatives in natural water was presented. In solid phase extraction, three types of techniques using solid phase adsorption material were treated with acid and salt, and converted second portion of acetyl derivatives. Under the these condition, extraction efficiency and detection ability dependent on extraction methods were discussed. Obtained results using optimized solid phase extraction techniques showed more convenience, simplifier and lower cost than the conventional analytical methods with holding wide dynamic range and lower detection limits.

• 광물과산업
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• 제29권
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• pp.56-66
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• 2016

열수변질대가 폭넓게 분포하고 있는 우리나라에서 자연사면이나 인공사면에서 열수변질대 내에 산출되는 점토맥이 산사태 발생에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 점토맥이 존재하는 지반에 지표수가 침투되면 점토광물의 팽윤성 때문에 국지적으로 간극수압이 급격히 상승할 수 있다. 간극수압의 상승으로 세립의 점토광물이 침식될 수 있다. 침식된 점토광물은 수두가 큰 곳에서 작은 곳으로 유동하면서 동수경사가 작은 부분에서 유속이 느려져 퇴적된다. 점토광물이 퇴적된 곳에서 국지적인 간극수압의 증가로 인한 지하수의 유출이 사면파괴를 일으킬 수 있다. 이에 본고에서는 열수변질 점토맥과 산사태와 관련한 국내외 자료를 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

Hydrogeologic environment of the Mega City such as Seoul, suffers from rapid changes caused by urbanization, construction of underground subway or buildings, and contaminant loading by diverse anthropogenic activities. Understanding the present condition of groundwater environment and water budget is necessary to prevent natural and manmade disasters and to prepare for sustainable water resource management of urban environment. In this study, regional groundwater flow and water budget status of Seoul was analyzed using numerical simulation. Modeling result indicated that groundwater level distribution of Seoul generally followed the topography, but the significant decreases in groundwater level were observed around the subway network. Steady-state water balance analysis showed groundwater recharge by rainfall and leakage from the water supply network was about 550,495 m³/day. Surface water inflow and baseflow rate via Han River and major streams accounted for 799,689 m³/day and 1,103,906 m³/day, respectively. Groundwater usage was 60,945 m³/day, and the total groundwater leakage along the subway lines amounted to 114,746 m³/day. Modeling results revealed that the subway could decrease net groundwater baseflow by 40%. Our study result demonstrated that the subway system can have a significant influence on the groundwater environment of Seoul.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2007

90년대 이후 세계적으로 집중호우와 같은 자연재해에 문화재가 극심한 피해를 입고 있다. '05년도 문화재 보수건수는 '86년 건수 대비 거의 6배에 달하고, 특히 경상도와 전라도의 보수실적이 전국의 63%를 차지하였다. 이는 90년대 이후 발생한 태풍이 대개 남해안으로 상륙하여 북상하는 형태였고 경로에 해당하는 전남 및 경남 지역에 막대한 피해를 주었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 석조문화재 보수자료를 기반으로 현지조사를 거쳐 자연재해 발생 가능성이 높은 석조문화재를 예비 분석하였다. 이의 분포현황을 보면 토사재해와 사면 붕괴 등 사면과 관련된 재해가 58% 이상을 차지하였는데, 이는 석조문화재 중 사면에 분포하는 것이 59%로 다수를 차지하고 이들은 집중호우가 발생하면 산사태나 토사이동으로 인한 재해에 대해 매우 취약하기 때문이다. 집중호우 하에서는 산사면 표층수 또한 높은 에너지를 가지고 흐르면서 석조문화재 지반의 토양을 침식시킬 수 있다. 마애불과 같이 자연상태의 암석을 이용한 석조문화재 중, 전석상태의 것은 침식이나 지반침하 등의 지반변화에 매우 민감하게 반응하여 지반에 변화가 오면 기울음이나 전도 등의 피해를 볼 수 있다. 자연재해가 발생할 수 있는 석조문화재의 분포는 '90년대 이후의 5대 태풍의 전체 강우분포와 관련성이 보여 2등급 정도의 범주 안에 들어온다. 특히 태안반도와 경기의 일부 문화재는 전체 강우분포도 보다는 태풍올가 등의 강우분포와 관련성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.737-745
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• 1996

In recent years, with the increase in the consumption of natural resources and energy, global environmental problems have appeared. This is a very serious environmental load on worldwide food production. For this reason, innovative techniques for production of low entropy by using effectively the energy for the ecosystemic agriculture have been expected. In this study, granular ceramics of 2 to 3mm in diameter having electrical charges at the surface were produced, using the natural raw materials of silicate minerals haing excellent moldabilities and sintering properties . Production of water having functions was attempted by effective use of the electrochemical energy of the ceramics with an efficient water treatment apparatus in which the ceramics were fluidized in water, differently from conventional systems. In the experimental results, the EC of water treated with the ceramics was not changed, but the ORP and also the pH and the DO were changed. The speed of oxidation -re uction reaction was high, and the ceramics -treated water enhanced the vigor of seeds. It can be expected that this treatment system, by which the ORP of water can be moderately controlled, is advantageous in controlling the growth of plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.515-524
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• 2001

Two experiments using growing and finishing pigs (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) were conducted to determine the effects of different levels of vitamins and trace minerals (VTM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, and to evaluate the suitability of vitamin-mineral levels commonly used in the swine industry in Korea. A total of 120 three crossbred (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) growing (Experiment I: 20.90 0.44 kg average initial body weight) and finishing (Experiment II: 53.55 0.97 kg average initial body weight) were used in 6 and 9 weeks feeding trials, respectively. Pigs were allotted on the basis of sex and weight to 5 treatments with 6 replications per treatment with 4 pigs per pen in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were: 1) control, 2) fat soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 3) water soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 4) trace mineral 50% vs. control, 5) trace mineral 200% vs. control. In experiment I, during the overall experimental period (0 to 6 weeks, 21 to 54 kg body weight), ADG of the 200% trace mineral supplemented group was significantly higher than that of the 50% trace mineral supplemented group. There were no significant differences among other the treatments. Digestibility of crude protein was lowest in mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Calcium digestibility was significantly higher in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than in the other treatments (p<0.05). In experiment II, during the overall experimental period (0 to 9 weeks, 54 to 106 kg body weight), growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. However, increasing level of water soluble vitamins at the level of 200% compared to control had a tendency to improve the overall growth performance. Overall carcass characteristics except for carcass length did not differ among pigs fed the dietary treatments. Loin eye area, pH, drip loss and shear force of meat were not affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. There was a trend for less fat content (%) in pork when the level of vitamin and trace mineral was increased, but the difference was not significant. Flavor score was the lowest in control and highest in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group (p<0.05). Juiciness of muscle was lower in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than other dietary treatments, except for trace mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Based on these results, it is suggested that "typical" commercial levels of vitamin and trace minerals used by feed companies in Korea are sufficient to meet requirement for the maximum growth of growing-finishing pigs. Our results suggests that a reduction in trace mineral levels in commercial diets could be considered to reduce feed cost and nutrient excretion with economic and environmental benefits.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.297-316
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• 1992

The Daebong gold-silver deposits is located in 8 km southwest of Cheongyang, Chungcheongnam-Do, Republic of Korea. The gold-silver-bearing hydrothermal quartz veins was formed within the Precambrian metasediments of Gyeonggi massif. Ore minerals occur as mainly of pyrite, sphalerite (0.78~6.19 wt.% Cd), galena, pyrrhotite and minor amounts of chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, magnetite, ilmenite, chalcocite, electrum (55.00~89.55 wt.% Au) and argentite. The gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, chlorite, K-feldspar, biotite. Wall-rock alterations such as chloritization, silicification, pyritization, carbonatization and sericitization can be observed near the quartz veins. According to the mineral paragenetic sequence based on vein structure and mineral assemblages, three stage mineralizations can be recognized. Fluid inclusion, sulfur isotope and thermodynamic data show that the ore minerals were dominantly deposited at the between 388 and $204^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities of 8.1~0.3 wt.% equivalent NaCl, and sulfur isotope value 4.84 to 6.40 per mil of sulfides indicates igneous sources of sulfur in the hydrothermal system and fluid inclusion salinity data suggest that thermal fluids may have magmatic origin with some degree mixing of meteoric water.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2013

The proximate composition, free amino acid composition and mineral contents from Undariopsis peterseniana were determined, and the antioxidant activities of ethanol (EtOH) and hot water extracts of U. peterseniana were investigated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical scavenging effects and reducing power. The contents of moisture, ash, protein, lipid and carbohydrate were 12.5%, 23.1%, 9.7%, 0.2% and 54.5%, respectively, and alginic acid content was 12.3%. The major free amino acid contents were alanine, phenylalanine, aminoethanol, valine, glutamic acid and phosphoserine. Ca (1589.1 mg) was the largest mineral followed by Na (344.6 mg), Mg (74.3 mg), Zn (10.2 mg) and Fe (1.5 mg). The total phenolic contents of EtOH and hot water extracts were exhibited at 15.7 and 4.3 mg GAE/g sample, respectively. The antioxidant activity of EtOH extract exhibited strong ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities with reducing power, and hot water extract also demonstrated strong ABTS radical scavenging effects. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that U. peterseniana contained an abundance of naturally occurring nutrients (free amino acids and minerals), and the strong antioxidant activities of EtOH and hot water extracts from U. peterseniana could be good sources of natural antioxidants for healthcare products.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.93-107
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• 1998

옥천계변성암 지역에 분포하는 15개 먹는샘물 업체의 지하수 원수의 수질은 다른 지역의 지하수와는 상이한 특성을 보여준다. 특히 전기전도도, 경도, Ca, Mg, $HCO_3$는 전국의 여러 지역중에서 가장 높다. 대부분의 업체의 지하수의 양이온 함량비는 Ca>>Mg, Na>K의 순이며, 음이온의 함량비는 $HCO_3$>$SO_4$>Cl>F의 순을 보인다. 특히 중탄산의 함량은 다른 지역에 비하여 월등히 높으며 수질유형은 Ca-Mg-$HCO_3$>Ca-$HCO_3$>Ca-Na-$HCO_3$순으로 나타난다. 옥천계변성암 지역의 지하수는 대체로 탄산염의 용해작용에 의하여 영향을 받은 것으로 보인다. 원소별 상관계수는 Mg-$HCO_3$가 0.92로서 가장 높으며 Ca-$HCO_3$(0.88), Ca-Mg(0.80), Ca-Cl(0.78), Mg-$SO_4$(0.78), Ca-$SO_4$(0.71) 등도 비교적 좋은 상관계수를 보인다. 이같은 현상은 탄산염 석고나 경석고의 용해작용과 관련되는 것으로 보인다. Ca와 EC간의 관계는 결정계수(determinative coefficient)가 R2=0.87인데 비하여, EC와 (K+Na+Ca)원소 전체의 관계는 결정계수가 R2=0.89로서 EC에 대한 Ca의 기여도는 주요 양이온들 가운데서 가장 크다. Ca와 HCO$_3$, Ca와 Mg간의 결정계수는 양호한 편인데, 이들은 서로 화학적 관련성을 가지면서 거동함을 나타낸다. 실리카 상들을 제외한다면 대부분의 지하수는 방해석의 포화도에 가장 근접한 상태를 보여 주며 돌로마이트도 점차 포화상태에 가까워 지고 있다. 그러나 석고, 경석고, 형석에 대하여는 불포화정도가 다소 큼을 나타낸다. 탄산염은 물-암석과의 반응이 어느 정도 더 진행되면 곧 포화상태에 도달하게 되어 더 이상 지하수의 수질화학에 영향을 주지 못하게 될 것으로 보인다.

• ALGAE
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2006

The productivities of Chlorella ovalis and Dunaliella parva were influenced by the rates of medium compositions obtained from the fermented animal wastewater (BM: bacteria mineral water) including a natural substitute chelator for EDTA (etylenediaminetetraacetic acid). The most favorable medium was -E+50 adding 50% BM in f/2 medium instead of EDTA, a chemical chelator, which increased more 19-fold of cell density in C. ovalis and 7-fold in D. parva than cells cultured on f/2 medium as well as the enhancements of chlorophyll a (f/2-E: 0.26 g L–1, -E+50: 1.5 g L–1 in C. ovalis; f/2-E: 2.7 g L–1, -E+50: 15 g L–1 in D. parva) and the increase of maximal PSII quantum yields. These results were verified that the BM could play an important part as a natural chelator substituted for EDTA. In the fields of biotechnology, food organisms in fishery and eco-industries of CO2 sequestration in air and nutrient removal in water, the natural chelator of BM could be applied to enhance the biomass of the other microalgae.