• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1986

A cardiac principle of Aconiti tuber, higenamine was analyzed with a differential pluse voltammetry employing a glassy carbon electrode. The peak potentials for the oxidation of higenamine were varied depending on the pH of the media. Higenamine at the concentration of $5.4{\times}10^{-7}M$ (0.146ppm) was easily determined using a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer. The amounts of higenamine in the crude Aconiti tuber and tablets containing A. tuber were determined by a standard addition method after extracting with methanol, partitioning with a mixture of $H_2O$ and $CHCl_3$, and freeze-drying the aqueous layer.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.267-276
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• 2001

In order to endow with new bioactive functionality from demineralized bone particle (DBP) as natural source to poly(L-lactide) (PLA) synthetic biodegradable polymer, porous DBP/PLA as natural/synthetic composite scaffolds were prepared and compared by means of the emulsion freeze drying and solvent casting/salt leaching methods for the possibility of the application of tissue engineered bone and cartilage. For the emulsion freeze drying method, it was observed that the pore size decreased in the order of 79$\mu\textrm{m}$ (PLA control) > 47$\mu\textrm{m}$ (20% of DBP) > 23 $\mu\textrm{m}$ (40% of DBP) > 15$\mu\textrm{m}$ (80% of DBP). Porosities as well as specific pore areas decreased with increasing the amount of DBR. It can be explained that DBP acts like emulsifier resulting in stabilizing water droplet in emulsion. For the solvent casting/salt leaching method, a uniform distribution of well interconnected pores from the surface to core region were observed the pore size of 80 ∼70 $\mu\textrm{m}$ independent with DBP amount. Porosities as well as specific pore areas also were almost same. For pore size distribution by the mercury intrusion porosimeter analysis between the two methods, the pore size distribution of the emulsion freeze drying method was broader than that of the solvent casting/salt leaching method due to the mechanism of emulsion formation. Scaffolds of PLA alone, DBP/PLA of 40 and 80%, and DBP powder were implanted on the back of athymic nude mouse to observe the effect of DBP on the induction of cells proliferation by hematoxylin and eosin staining for 8 weeks. It was observed that the effect of DBP/PLA scaffolds on bone induction are stronger than PLA scaffolds, even though the bone induction effect of DBP/PLA scaffold might be lowered than only DBP powder, that is to say, in the order of DBP only > DBP/PLA scaffolds of 40 and 80% DBP > PLA scaffolds only for osteoinduction activity. In conclusion, it seems that DBP plays an important role for bone induction in DBP/PLA scaffolds for the application of tissue engineering area.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.717-724
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• 2013

Physicochemical properties of safflower sprouts grown in there different lights red, blue, and white; control exposed to limited light and subjested to different drying processes were investigated. Moisture contents of safflower sprouts grown different lights and treated with hot dry air were as follows: 9.38%(white light), 5.70%(blue light), 12.21%(red light), and 7.84%(control; no light). The moisture contents of freeze-dried safflower sprouts were as follow as: 9.95%(white light), 11.30%(blue light), 11.25%(red light), and 10.45%(control). Crude ash contents of the hot air-dried sprouts were as follows: 4.82%(white light), 12.22%(blue light), 4.33%(red light), and 6.30%(control). The crude ash contents of freeze-dried safflower sprouts were as follow as: 4.75%(white light), 4.44%(blue light), 4.00%(red light), and 3.65% (control). Crude protein contents of hot air-dried safflower sprouts were as follows: 16.52%(white light) 15.40%(blue light), 14.55%(red light), and 15.46%(control). The crude ash contents of freeze-dried safflower sprouts were as follows: 25.19%(white light), 15.72%(blue light), 25.53%(red light), and 20.13%(control). Chlorophyll contents of hot air-dried and freeze-dried safflower sprouts were higher than those of only freeze-dried sprouts. b-values of freeze-dried sprouts were lower than those of sprouts dried by other dried methods. The contents of minerals Ca, Mg, Na, P and K in all the sprout samples remains unchanged regardless of the drying methods.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.675-688
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• 2022

Produced by steaming mature silkworms, HongJam is a natural functional food with various health-promoting effects. The current standard HongJam production protocol involves freezing and freeze-drying steamed mature silkworms for convenient long-term storage and/or selling it to customers. However, freeze-drying HongJam requires a range of processes and costs, which have contributed to its high resale value. In this study, we found that the cost of manufacturing HongJam powder could be reduced by homogenizing steamed mature silkworms using a high-speed blender and digital homogenizer, followed by spray drying. After the homogenized HongJam solution was digested by directly adding food-graded proteases, food-graded protease-digested homogenized HongJam solution was spray-dried. Food-graded digested protease or non-digested homogenized HongJam solutions could be used to produce food for special medical use for patients with general or specific diseases. This more efficient HongJam processing protocol proposed in this study can facilitate the development of sericulture farms and related industries by reducing the production costs of HongJam and its associated products.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.505-511
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• 2007

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) has been widely used as biocompatible scaffold materials to regenerate tissue. In this present study, we fabricated microporous PLGA and HA loaded PLGA scaffolds by a emusion freeze-drying method. In order to confirm that the release profile of cytokine or water-soluble drugs, we manufactured the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) loaded PLGA and HA-PLGA scaffold. All scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEM), mercury porosimeter and wettability measurement. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) test. The porosity of HA-PLGA scaffold was greater than 95% with the total pore area of $261\;m^2/g$. The HA-FLGA scaffold exhibited well interconnected pores to allow greater cell adhesion and prolixferation. It was proven by higher cell viability in the HA-PLGA scaffold than PLGA alone. This may be due to the enhanced natural properties and higher water retention capacity of HA.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-77
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• 2010

Until now, the main treatment for impotence has been the vasodilator injection, penile implants and etc. Among many methods, most effective way is known to be the medical therapy. The oral drug for an impotence remedy has to be above all, effective to the erection, and second, safety when taking in long-term. However, so far the drug in such condition and sufficiency has not been discovered. Consequently, it is crucial to develop the new medicine, made of natural materials only, without any uncertainty of side effect. The silkworm is very difference in physiological chemical change according to growth stage. Therefore the functional effect shows a very big difference according to preparation method with a growth stage. This research carry out the experiment with the pupa powder immediately before the eclosion, eclosion adult, the pupa extract immediately before the eclosion, and the silkworm powder of 5 instar 3rd day. The result showed not a big chance in weight, feed and water intake quantity. But testosterone hormone secretion effects of the freeze drying powder of the pupa immediately before the eclosion was very high 7.31 ng/ml, compared to 2.37 ng/ml of non treatment and 2.67 ng/ml of alcohol extraction method. As this result, the freeze drying pupa powder of the pupa immediately before the eclosion was confirmed to promote the secretion of the testosterone hormone more than alcohol extraction method of existing.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to confirm the possibility of using Korean purple yam (Dioscorea alata) as proximate composition, material, and antioxidant activity. In the proximate composition of the freeze-dried purple yam powder, the carbohydrate content was the highest at 86.67%, and in minerals, potassium showed the highest content at 1,765.69 mg/100 g. To study the antioxidant activity of purple yam, distilled water and 70% ethanol were used as extraction solvents. The total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents were 1.3~1.6 times higher in 70% ethanol extract, than in the distilled water extract. As a result of ORAC, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, SOD activity, and reducing power, the 70% ethanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the distilled water extract in all results. As a result of freeze-drying purple yam and measuring antioxidant activity by extraction solvents, it is concluded that purple yam can contribute to the food industry as a natural antioxidant and health functional material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to develop the artificial trap baits being able to replace the natural anchovy or sardine baits. The fishing trials for evaluating the fishing efficiencies of the artificial baits were conducted with commercial traps at coastal areas near Tongyoung, southern Korea. The preferable artificial baits which were made of minced anchovy, sardine, mackerel, or fish surplus products mixed with wheat flour into dry or wet pelleted or crumbled types, were showed some merits as the following. \circled1 Fishing efficiencies of the artificial baits were same or little higher level than that of the natural bait anchovy; \circled2 bait cost were same or little lower level; \circled3 dry artificial baits stocked in the room condition showed good fishing efficiencies; \circled4 making of artificial baits were very simple; \circled5 there were no harm to the fish and little pollution to the environment; \circled6 the releasing rate of attractants in the artificial or natural bait showed similar patterns. The artificial baits using the fish by-products which were vacuum freeze-drying extract of boiled anchovy or tunas extract, showed lower catches in the conger eel, Coner miriaster, but similar catches in the crabs, mainly Charybdis japonica, to the those of natural anchovy bait.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.515-524
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• 2017

This research investigated the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of hot air-dried red mustard (Brassica juncea L.) leaf (HR) and freeze-dried red mustard leaf (FR). Crude protein content was highest in FR, and crude fat and carbohydrate contents were highest in HR. However, moisture and crude ash contents were not significantly different between the two drying methods. Total free sugars were higher in HR compared with FR. Sucrose, fructose, and glucose were the major free sugars in both HR and FR. Contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were higher in HR compared with FR. The major organic acid of FR was malic acid, and the major organic acid of HR was malic acid. The contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were higher in HR than in FR. Total mineral contents were higher in FR (10,187.22 mg%) compared with HR (9,815.80 mg%). Major minerals were K, Ca, and Na in the two drying methods. The contents of vitamins C and E in HR were higher than those in FR. Total polyphenol contents showed no significant difference between the two methods. However, total flavonoid contents in HR were higher than in FR. The $IC_{50}$ values of FR and HR in ABTS assay were 0.89 mg/mL and 0.65 mg/mL, respectively. The results of all experiments suggest that HR and FR can be natural candidates as a rich source of antioxidants for further chemical investigation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2018

This study was performed to analysis of chemical constituent in Polygonum multiflorum root (PMR) by different dry methods (hot-air dry, shade dry, and freeze dry). The results are summarized as followings; major free sugar were detected fructose, glucose, and sucrose in dried PMR based on various dry methods. The highest content of free sugars was found in freeze dried PMR. The four organic acids were detected in dried PMR by HPLC analysis. The content of oxalic acid in shade dried PMR was higher than the dried PMR by different dry methods. The content of total amino acid and essential amino acids were high in the orders of freeze drying > shade drying > hot-air drying. The potassium and magnesium levels of freeze dried PMR was significantly higher than the other drying method of PMR. Whereas the calcium and sodium levels were higher in hot-air dried PMR. The major fatty acids were determined the linoleic acid in PMR by different dry methods.