• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.272-287
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• 2019

엄밀한 의미의 비무장지대(Demilitarized Zone : DMZ)는 한국군사정전협정에 의해서 설정된 폭 4km, 길이 248km의 좁은 띠로 이루어진 육상지역으로서 서쪽으로는 경기도 파주시 장단면 장단반도의 임진강 하구로부터 시작해서 동쪽으로는 강원도 고성군 현내면의 동해안까지 이른다. 그러나 비무장지대에 인접한 민통선지역(민북지역)과 한강 하구와 서해안의 민통선지역의 생태계도 어느 정도 비무장지대의 생태계와 유사하므로 비무장지대와 민통선지역을 합쳐 일반적으로 "비무장지대 일원의 생태계"라고 부르고 있다. 비무장지대 일원의 식물상은 총 1,864종류로 파악되며 이는 우리나라 전체 관속식물 종류의 약 42%에 해당한다. 비무장지대 내부의 식생, 식물상, 동물상은 수많은 지뢰와 출입의 제약 때문에 정밀한 조사가 거의 불가능하다. 2001년 경기도 파주시 장단면 경의선 남북 연결 철도 건설 구간의 비무장지대 내부 식생을 조사한 결과 산림 식생은 신갈나무, 상수리나무, 굴참나무 등 참나무류가 주로 우점하는 2차림으로서 구조가 매우 단순하였고 비무장지대의 나머지 반은 과거의 묵논에 형성된 억새, 물억새, 달뿌리풀 등의 장경초지로 이루어져 있었다. 비무장지대의 대부분이 원시림으로 덮여 있을 것이라는 예상과는 전혀 다르게 비무장지대 내부의 식생은 이와 같이 군사적인 활동에 기인한 빈번한 산불로 대부분 구조가 단순한 2차 천이 초기의 산림이거나 과거의 농경지에 형성된 묵논 습지 및 초지로 되어 있다. 비무장지대의 법적 보호 장치로는 통일 후 2년 동안만 한시적으로 적용되는 환경부의 자연유보지역이 유일하다. 따라서 비무장지대의 보전을 위해서는 천연보호구역, 명승, 국립공원 등 국내법에 따르는 자연보호지역 지정이 우선되어야 한다. 국제적인 협력을 얻기 위해서는 유네스코 생물권보전지역, 유네스코 세계유산, 람사르 국제습지의 지정에 비무장지대가 포함될 수 있도록 노력해야 할 필요가 있다. 비무장지대의 세계유산 신청 시에는 지난 60여 년간 산불에 의해서 2차림과 묵논 습지가 유지되어온 독특한 생태적 경관적 가치를 내세울 수 있다. 아무런 자연 보전 대책 없이 통일이 이루어질 경우 비무장지대 생태계는 순식간에 6.25전쟁 직전 상태로 되돌아갈 수 있다. 통일 후에도 비무장지대 생태계를 현 상태로 유지하기 위해서는 지뢰 존치, 철조망 존치, 도로와 철도의 터널 및 교량화, 산불 유지 등의 대책이 논의되고 준비되어야 한다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2000

자연간석지 토양을 인공간석지에 인공간석지 토양을 자연간석지에 이식하고, 이식토양의 물리화학적 및 생물학적 특성의 변화를 추적하였다. 또한 실트함량과 유기물함량이 미생물현존량에 미치는 영향에 관해서 실내실험을 통하여 검토하였다. 자연간석지 토양을 인공간석지에 인공간석지 토양을 자연간석지에 이식한 결과, 실트함량, 유기물함량, 미생물현존량 및 토양중의 산화환원전위층은 시간의 경과와 함께 이식한 간석지의 토양구조와 동일하게 변이해 가는 것을 알았다. 또한 이식 토양중의 실트함량, 미생물현존량 및 유기물함량과는 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 실트함량 및 유기물함량의 증감과 함께 미생물현존량이 비례해서 증감하는 것을 알았다. 또한 실내실험 결과에서도 실트함량이나 유기물함량의 증가와 함께 미생물현존량이 증가하였다. 또한 그 원인은 실트함량이 증가함에 따른 결과라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.241-261
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• 2021

Amphidinium species are amongst the most abundant benthic dinoflagellates in marine intertidal sandy ecosystems. Some of them produce a variety of bioactive compounds that have both harmful effects and pharmaceutical potential. In this study, Amphidinium cells were isolated from intertidal sand collected from the East China Sea. The two strains established were subjected to detailed examination by light, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The vegetative cells had a minute, irregular, and triangular-shaped epicone deflected to the left, thus fitting the description of Amphidinium sensu stricto. These strains are distinguished from other Amphidinium species by combination characteristics: (1) longitudinal flagellum inserted in the lower third of the cell; (2) icicle-shaped scales, 276 ± 17 nm in length, on the cell body surface; (3) asymmetrical hypocone with the left side longer than the right; and (4) presence of immotile cells. Therefore, they are described here as Amphidinium stirisquamtum sp. nov. The molecular tree inferred from small subunit rRNA, large subunit rRNA, and internal transcribed spacer-5.8S sequences revealed that A. stirisquamtum is grouped together with the type species of Amphidinium, A. operculatum, in a fully supported clade, but is distantly related to other Amphidinium species bearing body scale. Live A.stirisquamtum cells greatly affected the survival of rotifers and brine shrimp, their primary grazers, making them more susceptible to predation by the higher tropic level consumers in the food web. This will increase the risk of introducing toxicity, and consequently, the bioaccumulation of toxins through marine food webs.

• ALGAE
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2023

Mixotrophic dinoflagellates act as primary producers, prey, and predators in marine planktonic food webs, whereas exclusively autotrophic dinoflagellates are primary producers and prey. Species of the dinoflagellate genus Scrippsiella are commonly found in marine ecosystems and sometimes cause harmful red tides. Among the 28 formally described Scrippsiella species, S. acuminata has been found to be mixotrophic and two unidentified species have been found to be mixotrophic. To determine whether the other species in this genus are similarly mixotrophic, the mixotrophic ability of S. donghaiensis SDGJ1703, S. lachrymosa SLBS1703, S. masanensis SSMS0908, S. plana SSSH1009A, and S. ramonii VGO1053 was explored using 15 potential prey items, including 2-㎛ fluorescently labeled microspheres (FLM) and heterotrophic bacteria (FLB), the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp., and various microalgal prey species. The ability of S. acuminata to feed on FLM and FLB was also investigated. We found that S. donghaiensis, S. lachrymosa, S. masanensis, S. plana, and S. ramonii did not feed on any potential prey tested in this study, indicating a lack of mixotrophy. However, S. acuminata fed on both FLM and FLB, confirming its mixotrophic ability. These results lowered the proportion of mixotrophic species relative to the total number of tested Scrippsiella species for mixotrophy from 100% to 29-38%. Owing to its mixotrophic ability, S. acuminata occupies an ecological niche that is distinct from that of S. donghaiensis, S. lachrymosa, S. masanensis, S. plana, and S. ramonii.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Background: In this study, we proposed that the population dynamics of non-native red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) depends on the species' habitat extension and survivorship. We used a logistic equation with time-dependent habitat carrying capacity. In detail, the present carrying capacity depends on the red-eared slider population of the previous year. Anthropogenic activities such as the abandonment of previously captive red-eared sliders or the release due to religion customs would supply new habitats to the species. Therefore we assumed that anthropogenic spread increases the habitat carrying capacity. Based on the urbanization increase rate of 3% in Korea from 1980 to 2000, we assumed an annual spread of 3% to simulate the population dynamics of the red-eared slider. In addition, the effect on the population of an increase of natural habitats due to migration was simulated. Results: The close relationship between the distributions of non-native red-eared sliders and of urbanized areas demonstrates that urbanization plays an important role in providing new habitats for released individuals. Depending on the survivorship, the population of the red-eared slider in Korea increased 1.826 to 3.577 times between 1980 and 2000. To control population growth, it is necessary to reduce carrying capacity by reducing habitat expansion through prohibition of release into the wild ecosystem and careful managements of the wetland or artificial ponds. Changes in the habitat carrying capacity showed that the population fluctuated every other year. However, after several years, it converged to a consistent value which depended on the survivorship. Further, our results showed that if red-eared sliders expand their habitat by natural migration, their population can increase to a greater number than when they have a 99% survivorship in a fixed habitat. Conclusions: Further introductions of red-eared sliders into wetlands or artificial ponds should be prohibited and managed to prevent future spread of the species. Moreover, it is important to reduce the species' survivorship by restoring disturbed ecosystems and maintaining healthy ecosystems.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

To understand the health conditions and growth patterns of forest estate for environmental resilience and climate change mitigation, assessment of structure and species diversity is paramount. This study aimed at assessing the structure, alpha, and beta diversities of tree species in three ecological zones in Taraba, Nigeria for management purposes. In recent time, no research has been reported on the structure and beta diversity of the study areas. A systematic sampling design was used for data collection. Five sample plots of 50×50 m were laid in each of the six natural forest areas. The result showed a mean DBH (42.5 cm) and a tree height (15.0 m) from the forests. The forests have a structure of an inverse "J-shape," which is typical of natural forests in the tropics. The southern Guinea savanna zone had the highest mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index (2.8). The least beta diversity index (0.02) was between Baissa and Jen Gininya forest areas. Baissa and Bakin Dutse Protected Forest Areas (PFAs) contained 76.5% of the tree species. There is a high chance of all tree species to be found in these 2 forest areas. Proximity to a location influences how similar two tree species are, according to the least beta diversity index (0.02) recorded. The Federal Government's method of management for the forest, known as Gashaka Gumti National Park, may be responsible for the high beta diversity index in the Montane ecozone. Therefore, it should be strongly encouraged to practice strict oversight of natural areas, as their contributions to reducing climate change in Taraba State, Nigeria, cannot be overstated.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.779-786
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• 2011

This study aimed at comparing protected areas of Korea and Australia based on international conservation criteria by IUCN and analyzing what we need to improve for future management of protected areas of Korea. The registration status of protected areas of Korea listed on IUCN were 11 places in the Ia, 17 in II, 7 in IV, 7 in V; in total 42 places were recorded. However, the lists were missing many important areas. In Korea, we have only 4 protected area categories out of 6 indicating ecological diversity and management in its protected area system are insufficient. On the other hand, 9340 protected areas of Australia were listed on IUCN and evenly distributed in the total of six categories. Therefore, Korea should investigate measures for system establishment which ensures the diversity and indicative of our natural ecosystems and establish balanced system of protected areas including all IUCN categories I-VI through revaluation of natural, cultural, economic and social conditions and the needs.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2001년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.34-58
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• 2001

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic farming is covered such as (1)development of organic farming, (2) organic farming organizations, (3)standards and certification, (4)implementation of EU council regulation, (5)state support, (6)implementation of Agenda 2000, (7)training and education, (8)advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by (1)cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, (2)incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure; (1) choice of appropriate species and varieties, (2)appropriate rotation programs, (3)mechanical cultivation, (4)protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, (5)diversified ecosystems, (6)flame weeding, (7)natural enemies, (8)bio-dynamic preparations, (9)mulching and mowing, (10)grazing of animals, (11)mechanical controls, (12)steam sterilization.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.377-390
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• 2017

Space-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations have been widely and successfully applied to acquire invaluable temporal and spatial information on wetlands, which are unique environments and regarded as important ecosystems. One of the best studied wetland area is Everglades, which is located in southern Florida, USA. As a World Heritage Site, the Everglades is the largest natural and subtropical wilderness in the United States. The Everglades wetlands have been threatened by anthropogenic activities such as urban expansion and agricultural development, as well as by natural processes, as sea level changes due to climate change. In order to conserve this unique wetland environment, various restoration plans have been implemented. In this review paper, we summarize the main studies using space-based SAR observations for monitoring the Everglades. The paper is composed of the following two sections: (1) review of backscattered amplitude analysis and observations, and (2) review of interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis and applications. This study also provides an overview of a wetland InSAR technique and space-based SAR sensors. The goal of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive summary of space-based SAR monitoring of wetlands, using the Everglades wetlands as a case study.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2004

무분별하고 과도한 자연의 개발로 비롯된 대규모적인 생태계의 훼손은 매우 중요한 해결과제이다. 열대 및 아열대지역은 지구상에서 수많은 생물종이 탄생하고 자라난 요람지로서 이지역의 훼손된 생태계 연구는 많은 학자의 관심을 보이고 있다. 중국의 열대 및 아열대지역의 훼손된 생태계 복원에 관한 연구결과를 유역생태계. 습지생태계, 폐탄광지 생태계, 산지생태계 분야로 나누어 리뷰하였다. 그리고 최근 몇 년간 중국의 열대 및 아열대지역의 훼손된 생태계 복원에 관한 대표적인 성공 사례를 소개하였다.