• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.565-575
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• 2020

Objective: South Korea still lacks systematic national poisoning data collection or a poison control center (PC). The objectives of this study are to provide estimates of poisoning incidents in South Korea and to stress the necessity of a national poisoning surveillance framework managed by a national PC. Method: The number of poisoning incidents was estimated based on the 2018 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS). Our estimation of poisoning data was classified according to age group, reason for poison exposure, and case management site. Results: Total poisoning cases estimated numbered 326,636, which is tantamount to 631 cases per 100 thousand. Poisoning cases among those younger than five years old accounted for 71.7% in the United States. Fatal poisoning cases were estimated to be 210.63 (95% CI: 199.70-222.15). Non-intentional poisoning cases (250,378 cases, 95% CI: 249,992-250,764, 76.7%) were estimated to be far higher than intentional cases (62,399 cases, 95% CI: 62,207-62,593, 19.1%). Conclusion: Our results can be used to suggest the necessity of producing national poisoning data and establishing a PC despite the uncertainty of estimation.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2017

Purpose: Some advanced countries have reported annual statistics for poisoning based on data from poison control centers. This study was conducted to propose a baseline format and statistics of poisoning in Korea from a national representative database. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of poisoning patients based on data from an emergency department (ED) based injury in-depth surveillance project by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016. Bite or sting injuries were not included. Variables related to poisoning were summarized using a similar format as the National Poison Data System in the United States. Results: A total of 7,820 poisoning patients presented to 23 EDs. Adults ${\geq}20$ years accounted for 84% of the population, while the proportion of intentional poisoning was 59.4%. The most common poisoning substances were therapeutic drugs (45%), gas (21%), pesticides (15%), and artificial toxic substances (13%). Overall, 34.5% of patients were admitted for further treatment. The mortality was 3.2% (248 cases), and the most common causative substances were carbon monoxide, glyphosate, and paraquat, in order. Conclusion: This study showed the recent status of poisoning in Korea. However, a comprehensive poisoning registry based on poison control centers may be required to provide more accurate national statistics in the future.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2004

Backgrounds: Deaths from pesticides poisoning has increased annually, but no studies have been reported. Especially paraquat is suspected to be a major material in pesticide poisoning deaths. In Korea, simple epidemiology of pesticides poisoning is not well known. So, there is no effective method to prevent pesticides poisoning. We tried to investigate the present status of pesticides poisoning with data from Korea National Statistical Office and suggest an effective counterplan. Methods: We analysed death cause data derived from Korean Statistical association, deaths causes being pesticides poisoning in the year 2002. Also, we investigated data from internet, mainly from Korea National Statistical Office home page. Results: Total 2,875 persons died after pesticides poisoning in 2002 year. Average age is 54.2 year, standard deviation being 17.7 year. Many victims (about $41\%$) died during the herbicides' non-necessary period (JanuaryMarch, October-December) Conclusion: Herbicides sale should be restricted only during herbicides' necessary period, and so called a pesticides safety supervisor system shall effectively prevent herbicides poisoning.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 2018년도 9월 식중독의 원인과 주요 발생을 분석하고 HACCP 인증제와의 관련성을 분석하여 상관성을 보고자 하였다. 식중독 3개년 환자 수와 원인 물질 자료와 HACCP 인증업체와 식중독 발생빈도의 빅데이터 자료를 기반으로 가설 1: '학교급식을 매개로 살모넬라가 퍼졌을 것이다.', 가설 2: 'HACCP 인증업체가 증가할수록 식중독 발생 건수는 줄어들 것이다.'를 세우고 증명하기 위해 최근 3년 하절기 7월~9월까지의 월별 식중독 발생 건수의 차이를 검증하였고 2018년의 9월의 식중독 원인을 밝히기 위한 2018년 식중독 발생지와 원인 물질 간의 연관성 분석을 하였으며, 가설 2를 확인하기 위해 HACCP 인증업체 수와 식중독 발생 건수 간의 상관관계를 사용하였다. 연구결과 2018년도 9월의 식중독 원인은 살모넬라균이었으며 학교급식을 통해 제공된 외주 식품이 원인인 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, HACCP 인증제의 확대가 식중독 감소에 유의하게 기여하지 않았음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 살모넬라 예방법과 식중독을 감소시킬 수 있는 HACCP 인증이 되기 위한 해결 방안으로 관리운영방안의 보완을 제시하였다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2020

Purpose: The annual statistics for poisoning are reported based on the data from poison control centers in many advanced countries. In 2016 a study was conducted to analyze the 2016 Korea Poisoning status. This study was conducted to make a better annual report for poisoning statistics in Korea from a 2017-2018 national representative database. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of poisoning patients based on the data from an emergency department (ED) based injury in-depth surveillance project by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017-2018. Bite or sting injuries were not included. Results: A total of 17714 patients presented to 23 EDs because of poisoning. Adults above 20 years old age accounted for 84.6% of the population, while the proportion of intentional poisoning was 60.8%. The poisoning substance presented in the ED were therapeutic drugs (51.2%), gas (20.3%), pesticides (16.4%), and artificial substances (11.4%). Overall, 35% of patients were admitted for further treatment. The mortality was 2.4% (422 cases), and the most common fatal substances in order were carbon monoxide, other herbicides, and paraquat. Conclusion: This study showed the 2017-2018 status of poisoning in Korea. The prognosis is different from the cause of poisoning and the initial mental state of the patient. Therefore, appropriate methods for preventing poisoning and therapeutic plans in specific situations are needed.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

Background: Methyl alcohol poisoning in mobile phone-manufacturing factories during 2015-2016 was caused by methyl alcohol use for cleaning in computerized numerical control (CNC) processes. To determine whether there were health complications in other workers involved in similar processes, the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute conducted a survey. Methods: We established a national active surveillance system by collaborating with the Ministry of Employment and Labor and National Health Insurance Service. Employment and national health insurance data were used. Overall, 12,048 employees of major domestic mobile phone companies and CNC process dispatch workers were surveyed from 2016 to 2017. We investigated methyl alcohol poisoning by using the national health insurance data. Questionnaires were used to investigate diseases due to methyl alcohol poisoning. Results: Overall, 24.9% of dispatched workers were employed in at least five companies, and 23.9% of dispatched workers had missing employment insurance history data. The prevalence of blindness including visual impairment, optic neuritis, visual disturbances, and alcohol toxicity in the study participants was higher than that reported in the national health insurance database (0.02%, 0.07%, 0.23%, and 0.03% versus 0.01%, 0.07%, 0.13%, and 0.01%, respectively, in 2015). Moreover, 430 suspicious workers were identified; 415 of these provided an address and phone number, of whom 48 responded (response rate, 11.6%). Among the 48 workers, 10 had diseases at the time of the survey, of whom 3 workers were believed to have diseases related to methyl alcohol exposure. Conclusion: This study revealed that active surveillance data can be used to assess health problems related to methyl alcohol poisoning in CNC processes and dispatch workers.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance degrades when hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) is present in the fuel hydrogen gas; this is referred to as $H_2S$ poisoning. This paper reveals $H_2S$ poisoning on PEMFC by measuring electrical performance of single cell FC under various operating conditions. The severity of $H_2S$ poisoning depended on $H_2S$ concentration under best operating conditions($65^{\circ}C$ of cell temperature and 100% of anode humidification). $H_2S$ adsorption occured on the surface of catalyst layer on MEA, but not on the gas diffusion layer(GDL) by analyzing SEM/EDX data. In addition, MEA poisoning by $H_2S$ was cumulative but reversible. After poisoning for less than 150 min, performance of PEMFC was recovered up to 80% by just inert nitrogen gas purging.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1986

In order to offer an basic data for the prevention of pesticide poisoning this study was carried out at Chun Song County, Kang Won Province for the period from 1983 to 1985. The major results are as follows: 1. The rates of those who read an explanation of pesticidesbefore scattering are 76.5% in 1983, 82.6% in 1984, 85.8 % in 1985 but among these people the rates of those who practice as explanation are 78.2%, 72.2%, 41.4% every year. 2. More than 50% of those who scatter pesticides feel pesticide poisoning. 3. The difference in average time of pesticide scattering and pesticide poisoning reveals statistical significance (P < 0.05). 4. Among those who feel pesticide poisoning, 85.5% in 1984, 87.3% in 1985 are due to insecticides.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the features of poisoning in individuals aged 0-18 years to understand the characteristics of potential victims and eventually prevent poisoning. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed poisoned children and adolescents (0-18 years) who visited the emergency department of one tertiary hospital from January 2003 through December 2013. We collected data including their age, sex, reason for poisoning, components and dose of poison, results of treatment, and psychiatric diagnosis. Results: During the study period, there were 436 cases of poisoning (male 47.2% (n=206); female 52.8% (n=230)). Subjects were classified into four groups (0-1 years, 2-5 years, 6-12 years, 13-18 years). The most common cause of poisoning in all age groups was accidental poisoning (72.9%), but intentional poisoning increased as age increased (p<0.001). Moreover, females were more often subject to intentional poisoning than males (p<0.001). The most common poisoning material was drugs (41.7%). Among intentional poisoning patients, 62.7% patients had consulted a psychiatrist, and their most common diagnosis was adjustment disorder (44.6%). Conclusion: The most common cause of poisoning in individuals aged 0-18 years was accidental poisoning, while intentional poisoning was most common among adolescents. Guardians should take care to prevent accidental poisoning, while psychiatric consultation and national moderation will be needed to prevent intentional poisoning.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Purpose: Nutritional therapy is a crucial component of therapy for critically ill patients, but there is a lack of nutritional support guidelines for organophosphate (OP) poisoning, likely due to the gastrointestinal effects of atropine, the main antidote for OP. This study investigated whether enteral nutrition (EN) during atropinization is acceptable for mechanically ventilated patients after OP poisoning. Methods: This retrospective study classified 82 patients with OP poisoning according to whether they were fed during atropinization while on mechanical ventilation (MV). Data on the baseline characteristics, nutritional support, and clinical outcomes were compared. Univariate and multivariate regression models were constructed to analyze the associations between atropine administration for OP poisoning and feeding intolerance-related EN after adjustment for risk factors. Results: Eighty-two patients received EN after 72 hours on MV, and 40 of them simultaneously received 2 mg/hr atropine for the first 120 hours after EN initiation. The overall incidence of feeding intolerance was 57.3% during the first 12 days after EN initiation and did not differ according to atropine administration. Appropriate atropinization during EN in regression model 1 and the dosage of atropine administered during EN and the duration of EN during atropinization in model 2 were not associated with feeding intolerance in patients on MV after OP poisoning. Conclusion: Appropriate atropinization is not associated with feeding intolerance after EN provision in patients on MV after OP poisoning. This study will help establish nutritional guidelines for OP poisoning patients. More research on nutritional support is needed to validate our results.