• Title/Summary/Keyword: national forest road

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Comparison of forest road status and policies between Korea and United States

  • Rhee, Hakjun;Choi, Sungmin;Lee, Joon-Woo;Kweon, Hyeong Keun
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.504-512
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    • 2017
  • Forest roads are essential for forest resource management. This study investigated and compared forest road and road policy data in Korea and the United States to improve future forest road policies in Korea. As compared to the United States (9.5 m/ha), Korea has much lower forest road density (3.19 m/ha) and has been actively constructing new forest roads. The Korea Forest Service leads forest road policy in Korea by providing subsidies for new road construction in non-national forests. The budget for forest roads accounted for 9.1% of the total Korea Forest Service budget in 2010 - 2015 and 73.5% of it was used for new road construction. Korean forest road policies have been distinctively changed over the past decades; e.g., an increase in forest road mileage in the 1990s, an increase in forest road standards in the 2000s, and an increase in the mileage of higher standard roads in the 2010s. In comparison to Korea, the United States has focused on road maintenance and road decommissioning since 2001. The budget for forest roads accounted for 2.9% of the total USDA Forest Service budget in 2011 - 2016 and 82.2% of it was used for operations and maintenance. Our study results suggest that forest road policies in Korea should start focusing on road maintenance and decommissioning, if needed.

Computation of Optimum Synthetic Road Density for Main and Spur Forest Roads (간선임도와 작업임도를 고려한 복합임도망의 적정밀도 산정)

  • Kweon, Hyeong-keun;Lee, Joon-woo;Rhee, Hakjun;Ji, Byeng-yun;Jung, Do-hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.105 no.1
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    • pp.115-121
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to provide the basic policy information for establishing efficient forest-road networks. Synthetic forest-road networks that consist of main and spur roads and forest-road networks with only main road (hereafter called "main-road network") were planned for the five forest-road experimental districts of Korea Forest Service in this study. Road density of the synthetic forest-road networks was calculated and compared with the road density of the main-road networks. The results showed that the optimum road density of the synthetic forest-road networks was 10.1~15.9 m/ha, and the road density of the main-road networks was 8.4~12.4 m/ha. The construction cost of the synthetic forest-road networks was estimated about 1~8% lower than the main-road networks, while the road density was 20~30% greater than the main-road networks. As timber volume and hauling cost increased, the optimum road density of the synthetic forest-road networks increased, within which the road density of highstandard main road rapidly increased. On the other hand, the spur road density increased with slope gradient.

Differences in Density and Body Condition of Small Rodent Populations on Different Distance from Road

  • Hur, Wee-Haeng;Lee, Woo-Shin;Choi, Chang-Yong;Park, Young-Su;Lee, Chang-Bae;Rhim, Shin-Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.94 no.2 s.159
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    • pp.108-111
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to identify the road effect on small rodent populations within fragmented forest areas around the road from June to September 2002, in 9 study sites of Baekdugdaegan mountains, Korea. Two species of small rodents, Korean field mouse Apodemus peninsulae and striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius, were captured in this study. Korean field mouse preferred forest area, and striped field mouse generally has been found edge area around road. Mean body weight of Korean field mouse was significantly different, but that of striped field mouse was not between both distance from road. Korean field mouse is forest-dwelling species and their distribution is limited in forest area. In contrast, striped field mouse has wide distributional range around road. The effects of road is different in each small rodent species and their habitat preferences.

Preference Analysis between Two Administrator Groups on Forest Road Facilities (임도시설에 관한 관리자 집단 간의 의식성향 분석)

  • Ji, Byoung Yun;Kweon, Hyeong-keun;Hwang, Jin Seong;Jung, Do Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.105 no.4
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    • pp.449-455
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to provide the basic policy information for systematic forest road planning and maintenance management by surveying two different administrator groups. The survey results showed that the high priorities of forest road planning were silviculture, disaster prevention, and timber harvesting, and main forest road type was preferred for future use. Also 92.9% of the respondents expressed difficulties due to insufficient manpower and budget. The expected damage types due to forest road construction were threat-to-life by slope failure and dispute on crossing private land. The current main maintenance tasks on forest roads included drainage and road surface maintenance works. Main forest road facilities that should be needed after the construction were installation of additional drainage structures, and slope revegetation and stabilization.

The calculation of elongation coefficients of forest roads - National forest roads of Kangnung national forest office - (임도(林道)의 우회계수(迂廻係數) 산출(算出) - 강릉영림서(江陵營林署)의 국유임도(國有林道)를 대상으로 -)

  • Cha, Du-Song;Ji, Byung-Yun;Cho, Koo-Hyun
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 1994
  • This study was carried out to estimate forest road elongation coefficients for providing the basic information of forest road construction. As the results, road elongation coefficients were calculated 0.33 less than 5% of road gradient, 0.39 between the gradient of 6% and 10%, 0.50 between the gradient of 11% and 15%, 0.58 between the gradient of 16% and 20%, and 0.60 greater than the gradient of 20%.

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Planning and Evaluation of Synthetic Forest Road Network using GIS (GIS를 이용한 복합임도망의 계획 및 평가)

  • Kweon, Hyeongkeun;Seo, Jung Il;Lee, Joon-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.108 no.1
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2019
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the synthetic forest road network by calculating the optimal road density and layout of the forest road network in order to construct the systematic road network in the forested area. For this, five comparative routes were additionally planed and compared through evaluation indicators. As a result, the optimum road density of the study site was estimated to be 18.4 m/ha, and the synthetic forest road network was the best in the four indicators such as average skidding distance, standard deviation of skidding distance, development index, and circuity factor. In addition, the synthetic forest road network was comparable to the main road network by about 4 %p in the timber volume available and potential area size for logging, but the construction cost of the road was about 20 %p lower. It showed a synthetic forest road network was better in terms of economy.

Computations of Forest Road Density considering for Forest Terrain and Characteristics (산지 지형 및 특성을 고려한 임도밀도 산정)

  • Jung, Do Hyun;Cha, Du Song;Park, Chong Min;Lee, Joon Woo;Ji, Byoung Yun;Chun, Kwon Suk;Kim, Jong Yoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.94 no.3 s.160
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    • pp.168-177
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    • 2005
  • To provide the basic policy informations for environment-friendly and economical construction of green forest road, forest road density considering for the forest terrain and characteristics was computed. As results, designing the effective forest management and protection, standard forest road density as a social overhead capital (SOC) concept was computed to 8.57 m/ha. Considering as based facilities for forest management, we also optimal forest road density for preparing the sustainable forest management system was computed to 14.01 m/ha.

Effect of Forest Road Network on Accessibility and Cost Reduction for Forest Operations (I) - Silvicultural Operations - (임도 시설에 따른 접근성 개선 및 산림작업비용 절감효과(I) - 조림 및 숲가꾸기 작업을 중심으로 -)

  • Hwang, Jin Seong;Ji, Byoung Yun;Jung, Do Hyun;Cho, Min Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.104 no.4
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    • pp.615-621
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to analyze accessibility and reduction effect of forest operations cost before and after forest road construction based on actual silvicultural operations in 5 regional forest service(8 management planning district) where forest operations was enacted consistently. The result show the accessibility and the reduction effect of the operation cost, the accessibility of forest operation area within 500 m from forest road or public road increased about 3.2 times after the forest road construction. The reduction effect of the operation cost was averagely 576,000 won/km/year. According to the results, forest road had an effect on improvement of accessibility and reduction effect of forest operation cost. This result could be offered basic information to support policy of forest road expansion.

Native Plants Selection in Decomposed Granite Cut-slope - In case study on forest road of Chungcheong-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do - (화강암질 풍화토 절토비탈면의 자생식물 선정 - 충청도와 경상북도 임도를 중심으로 -)

  • Song, Ho-Kyung;Park, Gwan-Soo;Lee, Mi-Jeong;Kim, Hyo-Jeong;Ji, Yun-Ui;Lee, Joon-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.6 no.5
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    • pp.48-58
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest road cut-slope. From one to thirteen year elapsed forest roads in five regional areas of Chungcheong-do and Kyungsangbuk-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the granite weathering soils were below 0.5%, 0.02%, 10%, and above 1.2g/$cm^3$, respectively. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest road were the elapsed year, elevation, cut-slope aspect, and cut-slope. Sowing plants of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Eragrostis curvula were found in the early stage of forest road-cut. Annual herbs of Youngia denticulata, Erigeron annuus, etc. were found in the 2-3 years elasped forest road-cut. Perennial herbs of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., parachute woody plants of Weigela subsessilis, Pinus densiflora, etc., and gravitative trees of Prunus sargentii, Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus sp., etc. were found in the forest road cut-slope after 3 years of road-cut. Leguma of Lespedeza cureata, Amorpha fruticosa, Lespedeza bicolor, Pueraria thunbergiana, Albizzia julibrissin, etc., herbs of Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants of Rubus crataegifolius, Weigela subsessilis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Pinus densiflora, etc. were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.

Preference analysis of administrator group for public forest road use (I) - Problems of forest road use and standards and suggestions for future improvement - (임도 시설에 대한 관리자 집단의 의식성향 분석(I) - 임도 활용의 문제점 및 개선방법을 중심으로 -)

  • Ji, Byoung-Yun;Hwang, Jin-Seong;Jung, Do-Hyun;Kweon, Hyeong-keun
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.341-346
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to investigate the awareness tendency of the government employees who manage forest roads about problems of forest road use and how to improve them in the future using surveys. The results show there are more silvicultural operations than harvesting operations using forest roads. The main purpose of using forest roads is to transport workers; however, the road will be used more for harvesting operations in the future. The respondents wanted to be accessibility for forest operations within 200 m from road in both present and future. For silvicultural operations 1-ton vehicle is used at present, and 5-ton vehicles are expected to be used in the future. For harvesting operations 5-ton vehicle is used at present, and 10-ton vehicles are will be used in the future. The roadway width is 3 - 4 m at present, but should be 4 - 4.5 m in the future. The longitudinal gradient of roads is 7 - 10% at present, and will be below 10% in the future. The minimum curve radius of roads is 12 - 15 m at present, and will be 15 - 20 m in the future. The results provide basic data for making future forest road policies.