• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1996

This study was carried out to identify the gross anatomical and radiographic characteristics of the nasolacrimal system of the Korean native goat. The results were as follows : The nasolacrimal system are composed of two lacrimal ducts, two lacrimal, canaliculus, one lacrimal sac and one nasolacrimal duct. The nasolacrimal duct was divided into proximal, middle and distal portion. The nasolacrimal duct took a straight course to be paralleled with nasal bones and opened close to the nostril on the medial surface of the alar fold. The diameter of lacrimal punctum, the length of eyelid margin to lacrimal punctum, the length of canaliculus and the diameter of lacrimal sac were 0.82~0.90mm, 1.06~1.54mm, 5.65~6.30mm and 1.77~2.06mm, respectively. The length of proximal, middle and distal nasolacrimal duct were 36.84~40.00mm, 23.53~24.31mm and 14.55~14.73mm, respectively. The diameter of the orifice of nasolacrimal duct, the length of lateral margin of nostril to orifice of nasolacrimal duct and the length of dorsum to orifice of nasolacrimal duct were 1.29~1.33mm, 12.97~12.53mm and 15.24~16.11mm. The skull index of Korean native goat was not significantly different from the length of nasolacrimal duct.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.228-230
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• 2016

An 1-year-old, spayed, female Labrador Retriever was presented for bilateral epiphora. A complete ophthalmic examination was conducted, including Schirmer tear test, rebound tonometry, fluorescein staining, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. To determine the patency of the nasolacrimal duct system, a nasolacrimal flush and dacryocystorhinography were also performed. Although the nasolacrimal flush showed patency in the upper and lower lacrimal puncta in both eyes (OU), the lower lacrimal puncta were not found in the original palpebral conjunctiva, but on medial canthal skin with very small opening. Moreover, the nasolacrimal ducts in OU were not patent with flushing. Bilateral nasolacrimal duct atresia was confirmed by dacryocystorhinography. No other abnormalities of the eyes were found on complete ophthalmic examinations. Bilateral congenital anomalies of the lower lacrimal puncta and nasolacrimal duct atresia were diagnosed in this dog.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.322-326
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• 1992

Epiphora is overflow of tears due to obstruction of lacrimal duct. Dacryocystorhinostomy is the most common procedure to eliminate the epiphora secondary to complete or partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. The procedure is to artificially create passage between lacrimal sac and nasal cavity. Especially, epiphora would be accompany often by nasolacrimal duct obstruction when trauma of oromaxillofacial area lead to nasal fracture, medial wall fracture of orbit. Therefore in this case there are many case to perform dacryocystorhinostomy because probing and tubing is difficult to resolve the epiphora. We performed 4 cases of dacryocystorhinostomy for adult nasolacrimal duct obstruction from May 1991 to October 1991. The results were very satisfactory in all the case. Epipora disappeared in all case.

• 대한안과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

목적: 갑상선암에서 방사성 요오드 치료 후 발생한 코눈물길 폐쇄의 임상양상에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 2009년 1월부터 2011년 12월까지 갑상선암 수술 후 방사성 요오드 치료를 받은 환자 총 622명 중 눈물흘림 증상으로 성형안과에서 관류검사, 더듬자 검사 및 눈물주머니 조영술을 통해 코눈물길 폐쇄를 진단 받은 14명(18안)을 대상으로 하였다. 대상환자의 방사성 요오드 치료량과 횟수, 코눈물길 폐쇄의 임상양상, 치료법을 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 확인하였다. 결과: 코눈물길 폐쇄가 진단된 환자 14명은 코눈물길 폐쇄가 발생하지 않은 환자군에 비해 평균 치료 용량($215.7{\pm}23.1mCi$, p=0.01)과 치료횟수($1.36{\pm}0.50$회, p<0.001)가 유의하게 높았다. 눈물흘림 증상 발생까지 평균 10.2개월, 진단까지 평균 18.4개월이 걸렸다. 14명(18안) 중 공통눈물소관폐쇄는 3명(3안), 코눈물관폐쇄는 11명(15안)이었다. 10명(13안)은 눈물길의 완전폐쇄가 확인되어 내시경하눈물주머니 코안연결술을 시행 받았으며, 4명(5안)은 부분폐쇄를 보여 내시경하 실리콘 관을 삽입하였다. 결론: 갑상선암에서 방사성 요오드 치료 후 코눈물길 폐쇄가 드물게 발생할 수 있다. 방사성 요오드 치료 후 눈물흘림 증상을 호소하는 환자가 있을 경우 합병증으로 코눈물길 폐쇄가 발생할 수 있음을 인지하고, 초기에 성형안과에 의뢰하여 전문적인 평가 및 치료가 시행되어야 한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.383-390
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of tear staining syndrome in poodle dogs. Schirmer tear test, fluorescein dye test and measurement of the angle of bend between vertical and horizontal bony nasolacrimal duct were conducted in both poodles and German shepherd dogs. There were no significant differences between normal and tear-stained poodles in tear formation determined by Schimer tear test. However, there was significantly higher tear production in German shepherds than that in normal poodles(p<0.05). In the fluorescein dye test for the measurement of tear excretion, the dye was observed within $14.5{\pm}6.5$ minutes after dropping of the dye in normal poodles, but was not observed even over 30 minutes in tear-stained poodles. German shepherds had rather rapid passage time($0.4{\pm}0.3$ minutes) than poodles in the dye excretion. In the measurement of the angle of bend between vertical and horizontal bony nasolacrimal duct through dacryocystorhinography, there were no significant differences between normal tear-stained poodles with showing $85.0{\pm}6.8^{\circ}$ and $89.8{\pm}6.5^{\circ}$, respectively. However, obtuse angle of bend($106.8{\pm}4.7^{\circ}$) was shown in German shepherds. These results have ascertained that tear staining syndrome of poodle dogs was not related to tear production but to the rate of tear excretion.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2021

A 3-year-old spayed female beagle dog was presented with epiphora, severe hemorrhagic and purulent ocular discharge in the right eye (OD). A reflux of the discharge through the other canaliculi, associated with signs of chronic inflammation, was observed on cytology. Dacryocystorhinography revealed retention of contrast media ventral to the lower punctum, indicating complete obstruction and the potential presence of radiolucent foreign body. Ocular discharge subsided after the first treatment, including flushing of the nasolacrimal duct and application of topical antibiotics and corticosteroids, but clinical symptoms of the dacryocystitis waxed and waned thereafter. Surgical treatment was delayed for 8 months due to Dirofilaria immitis infection, and topical treatment and monthly flushing were maintained. On the day of operation, a foreign body was released through the fistula, while flushing for disinfection under general anesthesia, just before the surgery. Dacryocystectomy was performed to remove necrotic tissue and residual foreign body around the nasolacrimal cyst. Upon histopathologic findings, the removed foreign body was considered to be a plant, and the nasolacrimal cyst was comprised of chronic active ulcerative inflammation and necrotic tissues. At the 1-week recheck, improvement of epiphora and ocular discharge and healing of the surgical site was noted. In conclusion, nasolacrimal duct foreign body can be considered in recurrent dacryocystitis, despite nasolacrimal flushing and topical medication. In this study, dacryocystectomy was curative without recurrence of dacryocystitis or epiphora.

• Korean Journal of Ophthalmology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) between patients with incomplete nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) and normal controls and to analyze the changes in tear film LLT and blinking pattern after silicone tube intubation in NLDO patients. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 68 eyes in 52 incomplete NLDO patients who underwent silicone tube intubation from January 2017 to July 2017. The LLT, blinking pattern, and Meibomian gland image were measured with the LipiView II ocular surface interferometer. The Meibomian gland drop-out ratio was measured using the polygon selection tool in the Image J program. Tear meniscus height, which is the other lacrimal indicator, was assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results: Tear meniscus height was significantly decreased after silicone tube intubation (p < 0.01). Preoperative minimum, maximum, and average LLT values were $62.4{\pm}24.0$, $86.7{\pm}17.9$, and $71.7{\pm}23.3nm$, respectively. Significant changes in the minimum, maximum, and average LLT ($74.8{\pm}23.6$, $98.8{\pm}11.0$, and $91.6{\pm}16.1nm$, respectively) were observed after silicone tube intubation (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001). The partial blinking/total blinking ratio in 20 seconds and the Meibomian gland drop-out ratio showed no significant change after silicone tube intubation. Conclusions: Overall, the LLT was increased after silicone tube intubation. Silicone tube intubation may be helpful in maintaining LLT with a normalized of amount of tears.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.31.1-31.4
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• 2021

A 15-year-old Schnauzer, showing right exophthalmos, was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma originated from the third eyelid gland. On computed tomography, a normal right third eyelid gland was not observed. Instead, a heterogeneous cystic mass invaded the retrobulbar space and displaced the eye globe dorsolaterally. In addition, lysis of the bony nasolacrimal duct was found, which was considered the tumor invasion. These findings indicated that third eyelid gland adenocarcinoma should be considered when a retrobulbar mass is found ventromedial to the globe without observation of the normal third eyelid and accompanies osteolysis of the bony nasolacrimal duct in dogs showing exophthalmos.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.508-515
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• 2000

목적: 임상적으로 기능적 누도폐쇄가 의심되는 환자에서 누도폐쇄의 진단과 폐쇄부위의 결정에 누비공신티그라피의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 유루를 주소로 내원한 환자에서 증상에 관계없이 양안에 주사기법을 시행하여 누액배출계의 개방이 있는 환자 18명 35누액배출계을 대상으로 누비공신티그라피를 시행하였다(연령 분포 $37{\sim}76$세, 남자 8명, 여자 10명). 결과: 총 35예의 누액배출계에 대한 누비공신티그라피 검사 중 기능적 누도폐쇄가 의심되었던 29예 중 22예(75.8%)에서 누도폐쇄가 있었다. 이중 누낭 전 폐쇄가 7예(31.8%), 누비관전 폐쇄가 9예(40.9%), 그리고 누비관내 폐쇄가 6예(27.3%)였다. 결론: 누비공신티그라피는 기능적 누도폐쇄의 진단과 폐쇄부위를 평가 하는데 유용하며 특히 눈꺼풀의 누도에 대한 펌프 작용의 부전을 유발할 수 있는 안면신경마비가 있거나, 노화 현상으로 인한 눈꺼풀의 늘어짐이 증가한 경우 누도폐쇄의 진단에 높은 민감도를 보였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2010

인의학에서 비루관의 기능적 폐쇄 검사에서 유용하게 사용되는 비루관신티그라피 검사를 정상 비글견에 적용하여 그 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 누비공신티그라피는 정상적인 비루관 개통이 임상적으로 확인된 6마리 비글견에서 시행하였다.정면상의 양측 눈을 100초 동안의 타임세팅으로 한 후 5분, 10분, 20분 영상을 얻고자 하였다. 20분영상에서 누관의 개통이 관찰되지 않으면 30분. 45분. 60분 지연 영상을 얻었다. 신티그라피 이후 획득한 각 영상에서 좌측, 우측의 눈물세관, 누낭, 비루관의 관심영역 (ROI)를 그린 후 각 각의 계수율을 측정한 후 시간별 계수율 표를 구하였다. 20분 내 개통률은 전체 12개 비루관 중 10개를 나타내어 검사개체 중 83.3%를 나타내고 있으며 30분내 개통률은 12개중 11개를 나타내어 개통률은 91.6%이다. 정상 개에서 누비공신티그라피의 영상은 개 비루관의 해부학적, 기능적 누도폐쇄의 진단법으로 유용하다고 판단되며 임상적인 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.