• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.209-214
• /
• 1978

Naringinase produced from Aspergillus nidulans was immobilized in acrylamide gel by the entrapping method and its characteristics were studied. Optimum acrylamide concentration was 10%, but N.N'-methylene bisacrylamide concentration had no influence on the final enzyme gel activity. The suitable amount of enzyme dissolved in the polymerization reaction mixture was 126 units/ml. Optimum pH of immobilized enzyme was 5.0 which was the same as that of free enzyme. However, immobilized enzyme showed a higher optumum reaction temperature, markedly increased pH and temperature stability. In a packed-column reactor, the observed reaction rate was increased proportionally to flow rate up to 5ml/min., but independent above 6ml/min.. Activation energy of the immobilized enzyme was 13.01 Kcal/mole, and the energy required for the thermal inactivation was 39.4 Kcal/mole. The apparent Km for 100 mesh gel was $7.23{\times}10^{-3}$ mole.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.981-989
• /
• 2015

In a log likelihood ratio(LLR) calculation of the detected symbol, multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) system applying an optimal or suboptimal algorithm such as a maximum likelihood(ML) detection, sphere decoding(SD), and QR decomposition with M-algorithm Maximum Likelihood Detection(QRM-MLD) suffers from exponential complexity growth with number of spatial streams and modulation order. In this paper, we propose a LLR calculation method with very low complexity in the QRM-MLD based symbol detector for a high order modulation based $N_T{\times}N_R$ MIMO system. It is able to approach bit error rate(BER) performance of full maximum likelihood detector to within 1 dB. We also analyze the BER performance through computer simulation to verify the validity of the proposed method.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.653-659
• /
• 2014

Surgery remains the preferred treatment for hydatid cyst (cystic echinococcosis, CE). Various scolicidal agents have been used for inactivation of protoscolices during surgery, but most of them are associated with adverse side effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro scolicidal effect of Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) essential oil and also its active principle, thymoquinone, against protoscolices of hydatid cysts. Protoscolices were aseptically aspirated from sheep livers having hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of the essential oil (0.01-10 mg/ml) and thymoquinone (0.125-1.0 mg/ml) were used for 5 to 60 min. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. Furthermore, the components of the N. sativa essential oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Our study revealed that the essential oil of N. sativa at the concentration of 10 mg/ml and its main component, thymoquinone, at the concentration of 1 mg/ml had potent scolicidal activities against protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus after 10 min exposure. Moreover, thymoquinone (42.4%), p-cymene (14.1%), carvacrol (10.3%), and longifolene (6.1%) were found to be the major components of N. sativa essential oil by GC/MS analysis. The results of this study indicated the potential of N. sativa as a natural source for production of a new scolicidal agent for use in hydatid cyst surgery. However, further studies will be needed to confirm these results by checking the essential oil and its active component in in vivo models.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.341-347
• /
• 1990

The anti-hepatotoxic activity of Panax ginseng was studied using galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Panax ginseng was fractionated into dammarane glycosides and protein fractions. The dammarane glycosides was further fractionated into panaxadiol and panaxatriol glycosides fractions. The protein fraction was further fractionated into four groups according to the molecular weight; larger than 10,000 dalton, between 5,000 and 10,000 dalton, between 1,000 and 5,000 dalton and between 500 and 1,000 dalton. A significant lowering action on the elevated glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity in the culture medium of hepatocytes treated with 1.5 mM GalN was noticed with all four protein fractions studied at the concentration of both $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. However, the effect of dammarane glycosides fractions was not significant. It was noted that the addition of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of protein fractions smaller than 5,000 dalton significantly enhanced the syntheses of protein and RNA in the damaged hepatocytes induced by the treatment of 1.5 mM GalN. Dammarane glycosides fractions significantly enhanced protein synthesis at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ in the damaged hepatocytes by treatment of 1.5 mM GalN.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 1996

A series of batch and lab-scale continuous tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters for the full-scale in-situ soil flushing experiments. The cleaning abilities of the surfactant solutions of Tween 80, Triton X-100 and SDS were compared for the soil artificially contaminated by hydrophobic organic contaminants: n-dodecane, naphthalene and anthracene. Tween 80 and Triton X-100 were shown to be efficient for n-dodecane. SDS and Tween 80 were shown to be efficient for naphthalene and anthracene. At the end of each column test, the sorbed amount of surfactant to soil was also measured. Tween 80 was found to be the least adsorbed surfactant to soil. The flushing ability at flowrate of 7 ml/min, was hampered comparing to flowrate of 3 and 5 ml/min. Initial pH of the soil did not significantly affect the flushing efficiencies. Tween 80 was determined as the most harmless surfactant for the Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 1991

To explore the possibility of introducing Zea mays transposable element Ac(activator) which can be used as a mutagen and gene tag in tobacco plants other than maitre, we tried to introduce a cloned Ac element into tobacco cells by an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system. Transformation of N. babacum cv. Burley 21 tissues and regeneration to whole plant were carried out. The frequency of the transformed callus induced in shoot induction media was higher than that of transformed callus induced in callus induction media. However, the calli were not grown in the second selection media, and became yellow senescent calli. Regenerated tobacco plantlets with foreign gene were also obtained in shoot induction media containing 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml kanamycin and 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml carbenicillin. The leaf tissues of transformant was also resistant to 1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml kanamycin. The chromosomal DNAs of transformant and normal plant of N. tabacum were digested by EcoR I and Hind III but not by Pst I.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.15 no.3_4
• /
• pp.83-86
• /
• 1971

Nine novel compounds, namely, 2-(p-aminobenzenesulfonamideo)-6-sulfamylbenzothiozle, 2-benzamido-6-sulfamylbenzothiazole, 2-(p-toluenesulfonamide)-6-sulfamylbenzothiazole, 2-(3,5-dinitrobenzamido)-6-sulfamylbenzothiazole, 2-benzamido-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-(p-toluene-sulfonamido)-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-(3,5-dinitrobenzamido)-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-(p-toluenesulfonamido)-6-chlorobenzothiazole, 2-(3,5-dinitrobenzamido)-6-chlorobenzothiazole were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus wood 46, $\betha$-Streptococcus S86, Escherichia coli and antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H$_{37}$ /Rv. 2-(p-Toluenesulfonamido)-6-chlorobenzothiazole showed antimicrobial activity at 25 $\mu$g/ml against $\betha$-Streptococcus S/86, 2-(3,5-Dinitrobenzamido)-6-sulfamylbenzothiazole was active at 5 $\mu$g/ml and 2-(3,5-dinitrobenzamido)-6-nitrobenzothiazole was consderably active at 1$\mu$g/ml against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H$_{37}$Rv.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2012

The protective effect of AI-1367 (Alnus japonica extract) on liver injury was investigated. Primary rat hepatocyte intoxication was induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH), carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$), or D-glactosamine (D-GalN). Liver injury was induced by $CCl_4$, D-GalN or MCD (methionine choline deficient)-diet in mouse. The cellular leakage of lactate dehyrogenase and cell viability followed by the treatment of hepatotoxicants were significantly improved by AI-1367 treatment at a concentration range of 5~50 ${\mu}g/ml$ for tBH, 5~50 ${\mu}g/ml$ for D-GalN, and 5~100 ${\mu}g/ml$ for $CCl_4$, respectively. Treatment with AI-1367 (20, 10, 5 mg/kg, p.o.) on liver injury induced by subcutaneous injection of $CCl_4$ or D-GalN reduced significantly the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in serum. Histological observations revealed that fatty acid changes, hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in $CCl_4$ (D-GalN)-induced liver injury was improved by administration of AI-1367. AI-1367 treatment (10, 5, 2.5 mg/kg, p.o.) also significantly recovered the body weight change and serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and triglyceride in liver injury induced by MCD diet. From these results, AI-1367 shows protective effects against tBH, $CCl_4$, D-GalN, or MCD diet-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro or in vivo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2012.06a
• /
• pp.437-439
• /
• 2012

두 가지 대표적인 다단계 언어인 Lisp과 MetaML의 차이를 설명한다. 실행 의미적으로 두 언어가 어떤 차이를 보이는지 설명하고, 그러한 차이가 단계 풀기 변환에서 어떻게 드러나는지 보인다. 마지막으로 두 언어의 근본적인 차이점에 대한 기원 및 각 언어의 응용에 대해 논한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.246-246
• /
• 1994

연구목적: 생약으로 부터 항암제 개발연구의 일환으로 민간에서 조경. 지혈 등에 사용되고있는 노루발(Pyrola japonica)의 세포독성 물질과 그의 화학적구조를 규명하기 위해서 본 연구를 실시하였다. 실험 방법 : 옴건한 노루발의 지하부를 methanol로 환류 추출하여 얻은 methanol extract를 n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol 순으로 분획하였다. 그 후 각각의 분획을 L1210 세포에 대하여 in vitro에서 실험한 결과 n-heane, ethylacetate 분획에서 강한 활성이 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 n-hexane, ethylacetate 분획을 반복하여 silica gel column chromatography 하여 1종의 활성물질과 4종의 비활성물질을 단리하였다. 실험결과 : 단리된 활성물질은 각종 spectral data를 검토하여 chimaphilin (L1210의 ED$_{50}$ : 0.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, K562의 ED$_{50}$ :< 0.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) 임을 확인하였고 이 물질은 5,8-dihydro-2.7-dimethyl-4-naphtoquione의 변성물질 임을 알 수 있었다.있었다.