• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2011

우리나라의 대표적인 배경지역 측정소인 안면도의 지구배경관측소에서 20010년에 채취한 미세먼지(PM10) 시료에 대해 n-alkane과 수용성 유기성분(WSOC) 농도를 분석하였다. 우리나라의 또 다른 배경지역인 고산에 비해 봄철의 수용성 유기성분의 농도는 세배 정도 높았다. 안면관측소의 수용성 유기성분의 농도는 서울이나 아시아 다른 도시지역의 농도와 비슷한 수준이었다. 그러나 아시아 도시는 겨울에 농도가 높았으나, 안면관측소는 가을에 높아 배출원, 또는 생성원이 다른 것으로 보인다. 한편 n-alkane 성분의 농도는 안면관측소가 고산보다 약간 낮았고, 서울 등의 아시아 도시의 1/3-1/2 수준으로 낮았다. 그러나 고산은 자연적인 기원의 n-alkane 농도가 높은 반면에 안면관측소는 인위적인 n-alkane이 대부분이어서 대조를 보이고 있다. 따라서 안면관측소는 우리나라의 대표적인 배경지역임에도 불구하고 수용성 유기성분과 n-alkanes 농도측면에서는 배경지역과 도시지역의 특성을 갖고 있어, 인위적인 영향을 많이 받고 있는 것으로 보인다. 보다 상세한 배출원과 생성원 분석은 무기이온농도와 다른 유기성분 분석을 추가하여 이루어질 예정이다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2017

The soot formation characteristics of various alkane-based single fuel droplets were studied in this work. Also, This study was performed to provide the database of the soot behavior and formation of alkane-based single fuel droplet. The experimental conditions were set to 1.0 atm of ambient pressure ($P_{amb}$), 21% of oxygen concentration ($O_2$) and 79% of nitrogen concentration ($N_2$). Combustion and soot formation of single fuel droplet was visualized by visualization system with high speed camera. At the same time, ambient pressure, oxygen concentration and nitrogen concentration were maintained by ambient condition control system. Soot formation characteristics was analyzed and compared on the basis of intensity ratio ($I/I_0$) of background image. The results of toluene fuel droplet showed the largest soot generation. Soot volume fraction ($f_v$) was almost the same under the identical fuel types regardless of various initial droplet diameter ($d_0$) since thermophoretic flux was not much changed under the same ambient conditions.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1985

Microorganisms capable of utilizing diaminododecane containing amine groups diterminally were isolated from the soil by enrichment culture. One strain of these isolated strain, designated as EL-0112L, was selected for this study. The results of this study were as follows. 1. This isolated strain EL-0112L was identified as Microbacterium, from the results of morphological, cultural, and biochemical tests. This isolated strain was named temporarily Microbacterium sp. EL-0112L for convenience. 2. Microbacterium sp. EL-0112L was tested for ability to utilize different kinds of substitued alkanes containing cyan, amine, chloro, and thiol groups(monoterminally or diterminall substituted) as carbon source. Pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, n-decane, laurylamine, and alkane derivatives containing cyan, chloro, and thiol groups were not utilized by Microbacterium sp. EL-0112L. 3. The alkane derivatives that did not serve as growth substrates were tested further in oxidation tests using resting cell preparation of Microbacterium sp. EL-0112 L. Alkane derivatives containing cyan, chloro, thiol groups, and n-decane were oxidized by Microbacterium sp. EL-0112 L. It is possible that this isolated strain is also able to degrade their substituted counterparts since they are structually similar to diaminododecane. The remarkable substrates that were being oxidized were dichlorodecane, and 1-dodecanethiol. Microbacterium sp. EL- 0112L could not oxidize pentamethylenediamine, and hexamethylenediamine. 4. The metabolic products formed from diaminododecane by Microbacterium sp. EL-0112 L were acid compound containing carboxyl group and not containing amine group. On the thin layer chromatography, Rf values of these metabolic products were different from that of the product formed by Corynebacterium sp. EL-0112L. These results suggested the specificity of diaminododecane as carbon source.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.224-228
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• 1973

Rhodotorula sp.로 $C_{12}{\sim}C_{14}$의 n-alkane 混合物에서 無機系 窒素源인 窒酸鹽과 암모늄鹽 그리고 有機係 窒素源인 urea들의 그 化學形의 差異에 따라 醱酵時間과 收率面에서 어떻게 影響을 미치는가와 窒酸나트륨으로서 炭素源의 炭素에 對한 窒素의 添加比率의 差異에 따라 미치는 影響 等을 調査해 보았다. 그 結果 最高生長에 達하는데 要하는 時間은 窒酸나트륨과 黃酸암모늄이 各各 40 hrs.와 45hrs인데 比해 urea는 이들보다 훨씬 긴 66hrs.가 걸렸고 收率面에 있어서는 0.1N-NaOH의 消費量으로서 兩無機鹽이 各各 0.36과 0.38ml인데 比해 urea는 0.78ml나 되었다. Medium 中의 窒素對 炭素 比率의 影響은 medium에 加하는 n-alkane 混合物을 1%(vol.)에서 窒酸나트륨으로서 N/C가 0.2일 때가 가장 優秀한 結果를 나타내었고 대개 炭素에 對한 窒素의 比率이 낮을 때보다는 높은 때가 더 좋은 生長效果를 보였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Gemini type of cationic surfactant, namely ${\alpha},{\omega}$-alkane-bis(N-lauroyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl)-diammonium bromide was synthesized and confirmed by FT-IR and $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy. Their inhibition effect on corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was tested by weight loss method. Surface tensions were measured by surface tensiometer Sigma 70. Their c.m.c. values evaluated by surface tension method was $4.01{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}4.99{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$. The Krafft point of the these surfactants were < $0^{\circ}C$. The emulsifying properties of synthesized cationic gemini surfactants and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) was investigated. Of these, ${\alpha},{\omega}$-alkane-bis(N-lauroyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl)-diammonium bromide has been confirmed as a good emulsifier. The inhibition efficiency increases by increasing cationic gemini surfactant concentration. As a result, these surfactants are expected to be applied as corrosion inhibitors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.270-273
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• 1994

Pseudomonas putida 3SK, which was constructed by the conjugal transfet of the $CAM::TOL^{*}$ plasmid of Pseudomonas putida CSnA and the NAH plasmid of Pseudomonas putida KCTC 2403 into n-alkane assimilating Pseudomonas putida KCTC 2405, showed a broad degradation spectrum and floc-forming ability. This strain degraded m-toluic acid, naphthalene, camphor and decane simultaneously. $Hg^{2+}$ at the concentration of 1 ppm in the minimal medium could not inhibit the growth of this strain. The degradation of m-toluic acid by Pseudomonas putida 3SK was not repressed by the easily utilizable compounds, such as glucose and succinate. But, the addition of formalin inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas putida 3SK. After the cultivation of this strain on the artificial wastewater containing m-toluic acid, naphthalene, camphor and decane for 24 hr, the initial COD value (1500) of the artificial wastewater was declined to 300.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2000

원유 분해능이 강력한 해양균주를 얻고자 유류오염 지역으로부터 crude oil을 탄소원으로 이용하는 수집 종을 분리하였다. 분리된 균주중 원유분해능 및 성장속도면에서 가장 우수한 균주를 선별하여 KCL-2로 명명하였으며, 형태학적, 생화학적 및 생리학적 특성을 조사한 후 Klebsiella sp.로 동정하였다. KCL-2 균주의 원유 분해를 위한 최적 배양조건은 배양온도 27$^{\circ}C$~37$^{\circ}C$였으며 초기 pH는 7.0이였다. 또 한, 이 균주의 성장은 3.0% 염분농도에서 최대의 성장을 보여주어 해양유래의 균주임을 확인하였다. 비 교적 장쇄인 n-alkane 계 탄화수소의 C18~C28의 탄화수소를 탄소원으로 이용하였다. 원유분해시 C18 의 첨가에 의해 균생육 및 원유 분해능이 촉진되는 것으로 나타났다. KCL-2 균주의 유화활성은 32$^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0의 배양조건에서 배양 3일째에 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of initial concentration on pilot-scale composting of diesel-con-laminated soil. Sandy soi] was used in this study. Target contaminant, diesel oil, was spiked. at about 10,000, 25,000, and 50,000 mg TPH/kg of dry roil. Mit ratio of soil to sludge was 1:0.5 as wet weight basis. Removal efficiencies for initial concentrations of 12,966,23,894 and 51,042 mg TPH/kg were 90, 93 and 54％, respectively, during 33 days of composting. Normal alkanes in TPH ranged from 15 to 22％ in initial soils. Volatilization of individual normal alkane in 1,999 mg n-alkanes/kgwas completed within 4 days, while n-alkane compounds of Cl1-Cl4 in 5,270 and 9,836 mg n-alkanes/kg were volatilized continuously during 33 days of composing operation. The first order degradation rate con-stants for 12,966, 23,894, and 51,042 mg TPH/kg were 0.058, 0.076, and 0.022/day, and those for 1,997 5,270, and 9,836 mg n-alkanes/kg were 0.093, 0.100, and 0.019/day, respectively. Considering TPH removal rate, $CO_2$porduction rate, and dehydrogenase activity, the concentration of 51,042 mg TPH/kg inhibited biodegradation of diesel-composting.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

비이온 계면활성제 $C_{12}E_8$ 마이셀에 의한 이성분 탄화수소 오일 혼합물 시스템의 가용화도(equilibrium solubilization capacity)를 $23^{\circ}C$에서 기체 크로마토그래피(GC)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 단일 성분의 탄화수소 오일 가용화도는 탄화수소 오일의 탄소수(ACN)가 증가함에 따라 거의 선형적으로 감소하였다. 한편 탄화수소 오일의 이성분 시스템은 사용한 두 탄화수소 오일의 탄소수(alkane carbon number, ACN) 차이에 따라 선택적 가용화 혹은 비선택적 가용화 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 가용화도 실험을 수행한 n-octane/n-nonane, n-nonane/n-decane과 n-decane/n-undecane 혼합물 시스템과 같이 이성분 탄화수소 혼합물의 탄소수 차이가 1인 경우에는 비선택적(non-selective) 가용화 경향을 나타내었다. 반면에 n-octane/n-decane과 n-octane/n-undecane 혼합물 시스템과 같이 탄소수 차이가 1보다 큰 경우에는 선택적(selective) 가용화 경향을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1564-1568
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• 2005

The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of n-alkanes to estimate DM intake and digestibility by beef cattle. Six steers were blocked (3 blocks, 2 animals/block) according to the body weight (279${\pm}$19 kg) and randomly allotted within blocks to two diets (3 steers/diet). A second trial was conducted with the same animals (321${\pm}$18 kg) after 36 days (d), using a switch back design. The diets consisted of two types of chopped sun-cured hay, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) hay, or fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and alfalfa mixture, which were fed in equal amounts to steers. Animals were dosed with $C_{32}$ and $C_{36}$ alkanes, employing an intra-ruminal controlled-release device at the beginning of each trial. Hay intake per animal was measured from d 6 to 12 and sub samples were taken for chemical analysis. Rectal samples of feces were taken from each animal once/daily from d 8 to 14, freeze dried, and ground prior to alkane analysis. Alkanes were extracted from ground hay and feces. Feed intake was calculated from the dose rate of $C_{32}$ alkane and, the herbage and fecal concentrations of adjacent odd ($C_{33}$ or $C_{31}$) and even ($C_{32}$) chain length alkanes. Crude Protein, NDF, ADF, ash concentrations and In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were 17.7, 42.2, 28.4, 7.9 and 71.7 for alfalfa, and 12.4, 56.5, 30.4, 6.9 and 69.1% for fescue/alfalfa mixture, respectively. For both diets, intake estimated from $C_{33}$:$C_{32}$ ratio was not different from the measured intake, but intake estimated from $C_{31}$:$C_{32}$ ratio was lower (p<0.05), than the measured intake for both diets. The average estimated forage intake from $C_{33}$:$C_{32}$ ratio was 4.86 and 0.69% below than the measured intake for alfalfa and, fescue/alfalfa mixed diets, respectively. The respective estimates with $C_{31}$:$C_{32}$ ratio were 9.59 and 11.33% below than the measured intake. According to these results, alkane $C_{33}$:$C_{32}$ ratio is better than alkane $C_{31}$:$C_{32}$ ratio for the estimation of intake by beef steers.