• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare male and female geese of two contrasting genotypes in terms of fatty acid composition, indexes related to human health, lipid metabolism and oxidative stability of the meat. Methods: The experiment was carried out on total of 120 geese of two different genotypes; the native breed Czech goose (CG) and commercial hybrid Novohradska goose (NG). One-d-old goslings were divided into 4 groups according to genotype and sex, and 8 birds from each group were slaughtered at 8 weeks of age. Results: The effects of the interactions between genotype and sex were observed on growth performance and carcass traits. Final body weight (p<0.001), daily weight gain (p<0.001), daily feed intake (p<0.001), slaughter weight (p<0.001), and cold carcass weight (p<0.001) were highest in NG males and lowest in CG females. The meat fatty acid composition results showed effects of both genotype and sex on the total n-6 and the total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, as well as the PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 ratio. Regarding genotype, the total n-6, the total PUFA content and the PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 ratio were higher in CG, and higher values were found in females. In terms of the lipid metabolism, ${\Delta}^5-{\Delta}^6$ desaturase (p = 0.006) was higher in males. The meat oxidative stability results revealed an interaction between genotype, sex and storage time (p<0.001). The highest (13.85 mg/kg) malondialdehyde content was measured in the meat of CG females after 5 days of storage and was presumably related to a higher PUFA content. Conclusion: NG had a relatively higher growth rate and meat oxidative stability, whereas the advantage of CG meat is its favourable fatty acid profile characterized by a higher PUFA content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권8호
• /
• pp.1214-1219
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing tuna oil to diets of growing-finishing pigs (barrows and gilts) on backfat characteristics when slaughtered at different weights. Four hundred and eighty crossbred (Large White$\times$Landrace$\times$Duroc) pigs averaging 30 kg were allotted to 12 treatment combinations (40 pigs/treatment combination) in a completely randomized design with a $2{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments. The treatments were: dietary tuna oil supplementation (0 and 2%); sex (barrows and gilts); and slaughter weight (90, 100 and 110 kg). As pigs reached their slaughter weight, they were randomly selected (8 pigs/treatment combination; 96 pigs in total) and slaughtered. Backfat colour, hardness and fatty acid profile were assessed. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in colour (L* and a* values) among treatments. Backfat of the control group was harder than on the tuna oil (p<0.001) and that of barrows was harder than of gilts (p<0.05). In addition, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of fat from the tuna oil group stored for 3 days were higher (p<0.001) than the control group. The TBARS values of gilts tended to be higher than those of barrows and increased with increasing slaughter weight in the tuna oil group. The cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not affected by diet and sex but the triglyceride level increased with increasing slaughter weight (p<0.01). The tuna oil group had higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, ratio of PUFA: saturated fatty acid (SFA) and total n-3 fatty acids but lower monounsaturated fatty acids content and n-6:n-3 fatty acids than the control group (p<0.01). Gilts had higher PUFA and n-6 fatty acids in backfat than barrows (p<0.05). The backfat from both 90 and 100 kg slaughter-weight groups had a lower ratio of n6:n3 fatty acid than the 110 kg slaughter-weight group (p<0.05). However, this was more pronounced in the tuna oil group. The PUFA: SFA was also increased while the n-6:n-3 ratio tended to reach the recommended levels for healthy eating in human beings of <5. However, due to oxidative susceptibility, barrows should not be slaughtered at more than 100 kg for the meat to be acceptable to consumers.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the feeding mixture of linseed oil, rich in n-6 PUFA on the lipid metabolism in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats. After male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced hyperlipidemia by feeding the diet containing lard, butter and cholesterol for 3 weeks. then they were fed with the diet containing lard 3.0% and butter 12.0% for control, the mixture in different proportion of both linseed oil and sunflower seed oil, and antihyperlipidemic drugs for 2 weeks. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the brain and heart lipids showed following results. In the fatty acid composition of brain lipids, C20:4 and C22:6 were the major fatty acids but showed little difference among the groups. In the fatty acid of heart lipids,C18:2 was the major fatty acid. The proportion of C20:4 decreased gradually as n-3P/n-6P ratio of the test lipids increased in groups 5 (linseed oil 12.0%) to 9 (sunflower seed oil 12.0%) while the proportion of C22:6 was not affected by the fatty acid composition of the test lipids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 제6기 (2013 ~ 2015년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 만 9 ~ 11세의 학령기 아동 752명을 대상으로 아토피 피부염 유병에 따른 지방산 섭취상태 및 지방산 섭취가 아토피 피부염 위험에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 국내 만 9 ~ 11세 아동의 아토피 피부염 유병율은 17.69% 이었고, 아토피 피부염 아동의 연령이 10.20세로 정상 아동의 10.01세보다 유의적으로 높았다. 그러나, 체위상태를 살펴보았을 때, 아토피 피부염 아동의 신장, 체중, BMI 모두 정상 아동보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 월 가구 소득수준은 아토피 피부염 아동에서 중하> 상> 중상> 하의 순으로 나타난 반면, 정상 아동은 중상> 상> 중하> 하 순으로 차이를 보였다. 국내 9 ~ 11세의 아토피 피부염 아동은 정상 아동에 비해 탄수화물의 에너지섭취비율이 유의적으로 높고, 지질의 에너지섭취비율, 다가불포화지방산, n-3 지방산, n-6 지방산의 섭취상태가 유의적으로 낮았다. 또한, 리놀레산, 감마 리놀레산, 리놀렌산 섭취량도 아토피 피부염 아동에서 정상 아동에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 연령, 성별, 체질량지수 및 소득수준을 보정하였을 때에도 동일한 결과를 보였다. 그러나 P/S 비율 및 n-6/n-3 비율은 아토피 피부염 아동과 정상 아동 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 9 ~ 11세 아동의 총 지방 및 단일불포화지방산 섭취에서 가장 기여도가 높은 식품은 돼지고기로 전체 섭취량의 12.97%, 17.47%였다. 포화지방산 섭취에 기여도가 가장 높은 식품은 우유로, 전체 섭취량의 18.24%였다. 콩기름은 다가불포화지방산, n-3 지방산 및 n-6 지방산 섭취에서 기여도가 가장 높은 식품으로, 전체 섭취량의 23.79%, 25.24%, 24.07%였다. 아토피 피부염 아동에서는 다가불포화지방산 및 n-6 지방산 급원식품으로 정상아동과 달리 닭고기가 상위 10개 식품에 포함되었고, 참기름의 섭취량이 높았다. n-3 지방산 급원식품으로 고등어 섭취량이 아토피 피부염 아동에서 높았다. 국내 9 ~ 11세 아동에서 지방산 섭취가 아토피 피부염 위험도에 미치는 영향은 보정 여부에 상관없이 탄수화물의 에너지섭취비율은 아토피 피부염 위험도를 유의적으로 높이는 반면, 지질의 에너지섭취비율, 다가불포화지방산, n-3 지방산, n-6 지방산의 섭취가 아토피 피부염 위험도를 유의적으로 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 이상을 종합해 볼 때, 학령기 아동의 아토피 피부염 위험도에 탄수화물 및 지질의 에너지섭취비율, 불포화지방산, n-6 지방산 및 n-3 지방산의 섭취량 등이 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이나, 아토피 피부염 아동에서 보여 지는 고탄수화물 저 지질식은 증상 개선을 위한 식이조절의 결과일 수 있어, 결과해석에 주의가 필요하다. 식이 조절 시, 적절한 지방산 섭취비율의 균형을 고려하여 섭취하는 것이 도움이 될 것으로 사료되며, 이와 관련하여 아토피 피부염 개선을 위한 지방산의 적정 비율에 관한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.78-88
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary fat and individual fatty acids intake pattern of 174 college women living in Seoul and Gyong-gi province through internet nutritional assessment system. Each of the subjects was required to input their own food intake for three days, which included two days during the week and one day of the weekend, on the web program directly and all of the data collected were used for statistical analysis. The mean daily caloric intake of the subjects was 1,500.9 kcal which was at 71.5% of Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). Dietary fat contributed 27.6% of the total caloric intake which was slightly higher than the recommended limit of 25%. Daily cholesterol intake was 310.0 mg, which was also high to some degree. Mean daily N6 and N3 fatty acid intake was 6.1 g and 0.9 g, respectively, and calory % calculated from each were 3.63% and 0.53%. This result showed the intake of N3 fatty acid fell in Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMR) $0.5\sim1.0%$ but that of N6 fatty acid was somewhat lower than the AMDR $4\sim8%$. N6/N3 ratio 8.5/l, however, was within the desirable range $4\sim10/1$. Considering overall dietary fatty acids intake, oleic acid was the most abundant, followed by linoleic and palmitic acid. And among polyunsaturated fatty acids intake, linoleic acid was exclusively high, accounting for 97.4% of total N6 fatty acid intake. On the contrary, three fatty acids, linolenic (67.3%), DHA (21.1%) and EPA (10.0%), together supplied 98.4% of total N3 fatty acid intake. Mean P/M/S was 0.9/l.1/1.0. The subjects' intake of fat, many fatty acids and cholesterol came from diverse food groups including meats, fats and oils, milk and milk products, eggs, fish, and soybean products. Nevertheless, the subjects tended to show unfavorable fat and fatty acids intake pattern in terms of quantity and quality. Based on these results, it is important to monitor dietary fat intake pattern of the general population continuously and an internet program such as the one used for this study would be valuable, especially for assessing dietary patterns in the younger generation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제34권7호
• /
• pp.778-785
• /
• 2001

In Korea, the concerns about the consumption of soy-based infant formulas have received considerable public attention. In has been known that the n-3/n-6 ratio of soy has a beneficial effect on the health. This study was conducted to investigate whether the soy-based infant formula has an effect on the composition of fatty acids in erythrocytes with regard to the plasma lipid levels in full-term infants. The infants who were delivered at Kyung Hee Medical Center were recruited. Experimental groups were the breast milk group(n=17), soy-based infant formula group(n=12) and casein-based infant formula group(n=19). Anthrophometic and dietary assessments were performed and the composition of RBC fatty acids and blood lipid levels were measured. The body weight, length, chest circumference and head circumference of the subjects were normal growth range showing no significant difference among the experimental groups. The ratio of n-3/n-6 ratio in breast milk, soy-based infant formula and casein-based infant formula were 0.11, 0.14 and 0.13, respectively. N-3/n-6 ratio of the subjects erythrocyte fatty acids for each groups were 0.18, 0.21 and 0.17, respectively. Most of the fatty acids of erythrocyte were not significantly different among the three experimental groups. The blood lipid levels of each experimental group were normal range. The total lipid level of casein-based formula group was higher than that of other experimental groups and LDL-cholesterol level of soy-based formula group was the lowest among the three groups.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 2017

Pastirma is a dry-cured meat product, produced from whole beef or water buffalo muscles. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of production stages (raw meat, after curing, after $2^{nd}$ drying and pastirma) on the total lipid, neutral lipid, phospholipid and fatty acid composition of phospholipid fraction of pastirma produced from beef M. Longissimus dorsi muscles. The pH and colour ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$) analyses were also performed in raw meat and pastirma. It was found that pastirma production stages had significant effects (p<0.01) on the total amounts of lipid, neutral lipid and phospholipid, and the highest amounts of lipid, neutral lipid and phospholipid were detected in pastirma. In pastirma, neutral lipid ratio was determined as $79.33{\pm}2.06%$ and phospholipid ratio as $20.67{\pm}2.06%$. Phospholipids was proportionately lower in pastirma than raw meat. Pastirma production stages affected pentadecanoic acid (15:1) (p<0.01), linoleic acid (18:2n-6) (p<0.05), ${\gamma}-linoleic$ acid (18:3n-6) (p<0.05), erucic acid (22:1n-9) (p<0.05), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) (p<0.05), total unsaturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}USFA$) (p<0.05) and total saturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}SFA$) (p<0.05) ratios of phospholipid fraction and also the moisture content (p<0.01). Pastirma process also affected pH and colour ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$) values (p<0.01), and these values were higher in pastirma than raw meat.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.465-469
• /
• 1993

김치의 부재료로 쓰이는 멸치젓과 새우젓의 수분함량은 각각 31.14~39.01% 및 30.33~36.59%이고 밑반찬용으로 쓰이는 꼴뚜기젓, 모치젓 및 석화젓 등은 50%정도였다. 지방함량은 멸치젓이 5.51~5.85%로 가장 높았고 모치젓, 석화젓, 꼴뚜기젓 및 새우젓의 순이었다. 젓갈의 지방산 조성비는 시료에 따라 달랐지만 주요 지방산은 $C_{l6:0}$, $C_{20:5}$, $C_{l6:1}$, $C_{22:6}$, 및 $C_{l8:1}$ 등이었고, n-3 고도불포화지방산 비율이 높은 시료로는 꼴뚜기젓이 39.11%로 가장 높았고, 새우젓, 석화젓, 멸치젓 및 모치젓의 순이었다. n-3 고도불포화지방산 중에서 EPA는 비교적 석화젓(17.71%)과 꼴뚜기젓(16.38%)이 높았으며 DHA는 꼴뚜기젓(22.22%)과 새우젓 (15.13~21.50%)이 높았으나 특히 모치젓은 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다.보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.499-506
• /
• 1996

It has been established that hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Recent data showed that the incidence of hypercholesterolemia increase in Korea. n-3 Fatty acids lower serum triglyceride profoundly but the effect on serum cholesterol is not clear. This study was performed to assess the effects of low and moderate supplementation of marine n-3 fatty fish on serum cholesterol in young healthy korean woman. Nineteen subjects were divided into two groups. Each group receive an experimental diet supplemented with either 100g (group I) or 200g mackeral(Scomber japonicus) fish(group II) for 1-week. The diet was designed to avoid in which the amount of n-6 fatty acids would be much greater than that of n-3 fatty acids. MUFA, SFA intakes were similar in the two diets. The ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was 1 : 1.l for group I, 1 : 2.51 for group II. The average daily n-3 fatty acids consumption from fish was 3.87g/day (1.03g EPA, 2.84g DHA)for group I, 7.74g/day (2.06g EPA, 5.68g DHA) for group II. Blood samples were obtained 2 times before experimental diet, immediately after experimental diet for 1-week. After experimental diet for 1-week, the serum total-cholesterol levels decreased significantly (16.4$\pm$15.1mg/dl, p<0.01) in group II and lowered slightly (13.7$\pm$25.8mg/dl)in group I. There were no significant changes from baseline to the end of the study in serum HDL-cholesteol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-C/T-C ratio, and LDC-C/HDL-C ratio. The results suggest that the moderate levels of marine n-3 fatty fish consumption could improve serum cholesterol in normal subjects, therefore in might be of value in the prevention of atherosclerosis. However the clinical usefulness of moderate n-3 fatty fish consumption of hypercholesterolemic subjects will require further study. Also further studies are required to elucidate the long-term effects of low n-3 fatty fish consumtion.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 1990

To investigate the influence of saturated fats, ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid, EPA and DHA on the lipid hydroperoxide concentration and fatty acid composition in liver microsomes and in plasma lipid of rabbits, the animals were fed on the perilla oil rich ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid or sardine oil rich EPA and DHA diet for four weeks Were examined. The fatty acid composition of plasma lipid and liver microsomes of rabbits fed on the perilla oil diet was an accumulation of arachidonic acid(AA) 20:4 n-6, eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) 20:5 n-3, and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) 22:6 n-3, The fatty acid composition of plasma lipid and liver microsomes of rabbits fed on the sardine oil was an accumulation of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid(LNA) 18:3 n-3, and arachidonic acid(AA) 20:4. The p/s ratio of rabbits fed on the perilla oil diet changed from 7.4 to 2.27 for plasma lipid and 2.47 for liver microsomes. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxide was 3.48 nmol MDA/ml and 4.35 nmol MDA/ml for plasma lipid and liver microsomes, respectively, in perilla oil diet. The lipid hydroperoxide liver was 4.22 nmol MDA/ml and 67 nmol MDA/ml for plasma lipid and liver microsornes in sardine oil diet.