• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2021

This experiment investigates the characteristics of microorganisms isolated from a medium during cultivation process and reveals the relationship between these microorganisms and the growth of Agaricus bisporus. The domestically grown strains of Agaricus bisporus displayed a higher inhibition growth rate against microorganisms isolated from straw, chicken manure, and medium than imported strains. As for inhibition of mycelial growth among mushroom cultivars of the microorganisms separated by each fermentation step from the mushroom medium, the domestic cultivar, 'Saedo,' grew more vigorously among other cultivars. As the fermentation progressed, it was confirmed that inhibitation of microorganisms against Agaricus bisporus was weakened. A total of 21 strains of microorganisms that promote mushroom growth were isolated in the 4th turning process, and the microorganisms isolated from the mushroom medium affect the growth and as yield of the mushroom through secretory substances.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2020

Five varieties of mushrooms, including Sae-do, were examined using farm field tests to determine their morphological characteristics and quality by performing harvest flush. Considering the cultivation characteristics of the varieties studied, the parts related to mushroom generation and production showed almost similar characteristics. Overall, the mycelial forces were similar; however, in the evaluation of plantation tests performed by farmers, "saedo" was found to be the strongest and "saehan" was considered to be the weakest. Weights of fruiting bodies were related more for compost status and regimen of use than for breeding, and it was difficult to distinguish between the weights of fruiting bodies of the varieties studied. Regardless of the variety, pileus diameter, pileus thickness, and stem length of Dalseong-gun, Yongin-si, and Boryeong-si decreased as the harvest flush progressed. However, stem thickness tended to increase in the second and third flush compared to that in the first flush, regardless of the variety. However, the Gyeongju-si farms could not identify any trends attributable to varieties and harvest flushes. The pileus size and stem length of the fruiting bodies of varieties from Buyeo farms decreased with the progression of the harvest flush. However, pileus thickness and stem thickness did not show any specific tendency of growth among the varieties studied. The differences in the morphological characteristics of mushroom varieties in each harvest cycle are expected to be caused by differences in the supply of nutrients in the medium, the quality of the compost used, and the cultivation environment rather than the variety.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2023

The effects of punching treatment on mycelial culture and fruiting body productivity were investigated in a new Lentinula edodes cultivar, "Jadam", in sawdust medium for the stable production of oak mushroom. As the punching volume and number increased, the weight loss rate and color difference increased and the L value decreased. After spawn inoculation, the sawdust medium temperature and CO₂ concentration reached their highest values at 33 and 19 days of incubation, respectively. The O₂ concentration showed the lowest value on the 14^th day of incubation, which was the opposite pattern to the CO₂ concentration. As the punching volume and the number increased, the medium temperature and O₂ concentration increased, and the CO₂ concentration decreased. Higher punching volumes and numbers resulted in higher temperatures and lower CO₂ concentrations. The best fruiting body yield was 5 × 70 mm - 30 (punching diameter × depth - number), and the total yield after three cycles was 644.7 g.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2023

A new brown variety of Flammulina velutipes, referred to as 'Asakgold,' was bred by crossing two monokaryons isolated from the "Geumhyang2ho" and "Garlmoe" varieties. The pileus color of the new variety is light brown and its shape is hemispherical. During bottle cultivation, the period necessary for mycelial growth was 40 days, 9 days for primordia formation and 15 days for fruiting body growth. The total cultivation period was 64 days, which was similar to that of the control variety "Yeoreumhyang1ho." The pileus of the new variety was similar and the stipe was thinner and longer than that of the control. The number of valid stipes per bottle was 495, which was 37 % higher than that of the control (362), and the yield was 214 g, 16 % higher than that of the control (185 g). The β-glucan content was 28.69 %, which was observed to be 1.6 times more than that of the control.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.61-64
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the management characteristics and growth performance of L. edodes from the cooling stage to incubation. Bags of different heights and weights are available for bagging. When the medium size of $17{\times}13cm$ was used and the size of the inoculation hole was changed from 1/3 to 2/3, the browning period was shortened to 30 days. Mycelial growth was evaluated according to the cooling temperature after sterilization. It was observed to be the highest at 122 mm/15 days at $10^{\circ}C$ and 114 mm/15 days and 117 mm/15 days at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The contamination rate of the sawdust media before inoculation was measured as 0, $4.5{\times}10$, $1.3{\times}10^2$, $4.0{\times}10^3cfu$ at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $24^{\circ}C$ respectively. The average of $1.6{\times}10^8$ colony forming units (cfu) of microorganisms was observed in the sawdust that had been piled for six months outdoors. In summer, the sawdust has to be used immediately after mixing. The sterilized medium had an average of $4{\times}10^3cfu$ of microorganisms at $24^{\circ}C$ and $1.3{\times}10^2cfu$ at $15^{\circ}C$. After 15 days of inoculation in vitro, the growth conditions of the sawdust was the best at 132 mm, followed by grain and liquid. When inoculated with liquid spawn, the moisture content of the substrate should be adjusted between 50% and 55% in advance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.384-390
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• 2009

An antifungal antibiotic-producing bacterium was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus sp. CJ-1. The culture supernatant was found to have a strong and stable antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Culture conditions for the maximum antifungal activity were examined. Glucose and yeast extract were selected as the best carbon and nitrogen sources. The optimum C/N ratio was 3. The optimum temperature and initial pH were determined as $35^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. Under these conditions, the production for the antibiotic was maximized at 72 hr at $35^{\circ}C$ after cultivation. Microscopic observation showed that the culture supernatant of Bacillus sp. CJ-1 had a strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth of the test strain at above $12.5\;{\mu}L\;mL^{-1}$ of concentration.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2015

'Heukhyang', a new variety with dark brown color, short cultivaltion period, and good taste in Flammulina velutipes, was bred by crossing between monokaryons isolated from 'Garlmoe' and wild strain 'CBMFV-10'. In bottle cultivation, the period of mycelial growth, primordia1 formation, and growth of fruit body was required 23 days, 6 days, and 17 days, respectively. Total culvivation period was 46 days, showing 8 days shorter than that of 'Garlmoe'. Pileus diameter and thickness were greater than those of 'Garlmoe', and pileus color showed dark brown. Fruit body production per 850 ml bottle was 135 g, which was 10% lower than that of 'Garlmoe'. However, the overall acceptance was most excellent in sensory evaluation, and 'Heukhyang' has an advantage to target a niche market of white ones due to differentiated color and taste.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2007

A new variety of oyster mushroom 'Choengsan' was developed with crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from Suhan and Wonhyoung #3. It was developed by Agriproduct Processing Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services in 2006. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was around $27{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ and that of fruiting body was $14{\sim}17^{\circ}C$. The color of pileus was dark-gray color. The period of primordial occurrence was about 20 days in bed cultivation using cotton waste and the yields were $38kg/3.3m^2$.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.300-307
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of leaf rot and leaf ring spot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani in Chinese cabbage under seedling nursery and cultivation greenhouses. Symptoms of leaf rot and leaf ring spot were found in three Chinese cabbage cultivars, Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis, 'Ryeokgwang', 'Daetong', and 'CR mat'. In Hwacheon, the disease incidence was 73.8% in the seedling stage of the Chinese cabbage. In Icheon, the symptoms were observed on the upper leaves of the Chinese cabbage cultivar, 'Norangmini' with 20.5% of disease incidence. The symptoms appeared as primary lesions consisting of small, circular necrotic ring spots with gray color, 1.4-3.0 mm in diameter, accompanied by secondary rot lesions with large irregular borders of leaves. The color of mycelial mat of 20 isolates was dark brown and light brown. The average hyphal diameter of all the isolates was within 5.01-11.12 ${\mu}m$. Among the 20 strains isolated from Chinese cabbage, 16 isolates and four isolates anastomosed with the AG-1 (IB) and AG-1 (IC), respectively. Twenty isolates tested were only virulent on foliage parts of Chinese cabbage leaves but were avirulent on stem parts of the plants. Based on the mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia solani.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.909-917
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• 2016

The shiitake mushroom industry has suffered from Camptomyia (gall midges) pest, which feeds on the mycelium of shiitake mushroom during its cultivation. It has been postulated that fungal damage of shiitake bed-logs is associated with infestation by the insect pest, but this is not well understood. To understand the fungal damage associated with Camptomyia pest, various Trichoderma species were isolated, identified, and characterized. In addition to two previously known Trichoderma species, T. citrinoviride and T. deliquescens, two other Trichoderma species, T. harzianum and T. atroviride, were newly identified from the pestinfested bed-log samples obtained at three mushroom farms in Cheonan, Korea. Among these four species, T. harzianum was the most evident. The results of a chromogenic media-based assay for extracellular enzymes showed that these four species have the ability to produce amylase, carboxyl-methyl cellulase, avicelase, pectinase, and ß-glucosidase, thus indicating that they can degrade wood components. A dual culture assay on PDA indicated that T. harzianum, T. atroviride, and T. citrinoviride were antagonistic against the mycelial growth of a shiitake strain (Lentinula edodes). Inoculation tests on shiitake bed-logs revealed that all four species were able to damage the wood of bed-logs. Our results provide evidence that the four green mold species are the causal agents involved in fungal damage of shiitake bed-logs infested by Camptomyia pest.