• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.647-662
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• 2016

This study aims to monitor the variation of modal frequencies of steel buildings during their construction sequence. In this respect, construction of a steel building is followed by vibration based measurements. The monitored building is a three-story educational building within a building group whose structural system consists of steel moment resisting steel frames and eccentric braces. Five different acceleration measurements in two perpendicular directions are taken on five different construction stages, starting from the erection of the columns and beams ending with the completion of the construction. The recorded measurements are transferred into frequency domain and the dominant frequencies for each case have been determined. The change in the dominant frequencies is evaluated with the existing construction stages and performed constructional works between the stages. The last measurement, performed on the building in service, revealed the first two dominant frequencies as mutual in X and Y direction, showing that these dynamic modes are torsional modes. This result is investigated by numerical analysis performed with finite element model of the building constructed for design purpose. Lower frequencies and different mode shapes are determined from numerical analysis. The reason of lower frequencies is discussed and the vibration survey is extended to determine the effects of an adjacent building. The results showed that the building is in strong relation with an adjoining building in spite of a designed construction joint.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.241-262
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore four-year old children's peer culture. During free choice play time, various activities and interaction patterns were observed and analyzed to understand the characteristics of peer culture. The results of this study showed two main peer culture patterns. First of all, peaceful peer culture in which children maintained close relationships based on mutual respect were found. Also conflictive peer culture in which children had negative relationships with other children, such as vertical, discriminative and neglected relationships were observed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2013

Today's urban spaces require diverse functions according to segmented social changes. Urban public space needs to be a field of mutual exchange, respect of diversity, and communication. According to these needs, an identity which reaches the public should be developed and realized. Therefore, this study is to present indexes for evaluating public space as a means to improve urban identity along with developing an awareness of possible problems. For this purpose, this study found out and analysed factors of evaluation indexes for the most fundamental public spaces which form cities in order to develop directions for deciding on indexes for public space and activation of that public space. An empirical analysis was conducted with the use of a questionnaire with evaluation indexes, reliability, and validity of properties of the space to be analysed and the evaluation items were tested. Based on the results, the study compared and analysed the differences between groups with independent variables (evaluation indexes) and general characteristics through a t-test. As a result, it was discovered that easy and safe accessibility in the use of urban parks as public space was statistically significant. Such results show that accessibility is the most significant factor in the use of parks.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences between gender identity, gender equality, and self-esteem among nursing college students. Methods: The subjects were nursing college students who were selected from 4 different nursing colleges. We measured gender identity, gender equality, and self-esteem using verified measurement tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. Results: Gender equality among nursing college students showed a significant difference between male students and female students. Male students had higher gender equality scores than female students on all 4 types of gender equality. Conclusion: Male nursing college students that there are differences in gender equality, especially in the areas of education and employment. Based on these results, we suggest that future work should focus on developing a curriculum to increase awareness of gender equality among under graduate students, and thereby build an organizational culture of mutual respect for gender equality among clinical nurses.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

Today's firms face task of achieving competencies in two somewhat mutually exclusive areas. That is, due to fierce competition in the market, firms need to provide better products and services without losing cost advantage. In this respect, effective logistics management is one of the process that can yield a foundation of competitive advantage. Many firms are already using integrative supply chain management to achieve mutual goals of each firms within the supply chain. However, it is highly likely that inefficiency will occur because of different operations systems and organizational characters of each firms. Information system is receiving attentions as to reduce inefficiencies and gain competitive advantage. This study analyzes the effects of information integration on logistics performance to search the role of information system in supply chain management.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.291-304
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• 2011

Recently concern for subsea tunnels is increasing, The effect of high water pressure can not be ignored in the case of a deep subsea tunnel. Reinforcement like grouting is necessary for the stability of such a subsea tunnel. In this study, therefore, it was investigated how the water barrier and shear strength increment resulted from grouting had an effect on the stability of a subsea tunnel. To this end, two-dimensional hydromechanical coupled analyses were performed for a sensitivity analysis in terms of different range, permeability coefficient, and cohesion of grouting reinforcement for the rock classes I, III, and V with respect to RMR system. The mutual relationship between strength increment and water pressure increased by barrier effect due to grouting was investigated by analyzing the numerical results.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.153-176
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• 2012

This study focused on concretely how minority group's attitude accepting han-zu's culture changes. In the past, minority group's culture and han-zu's culture were acculturated spontaneously, not forcibly. But as the people's republic of china was founded and control of chinese government was intensified, control and interference of minority group area became aggressive, and acculturation became compulsory. However, after chinese economic reform, by economic affluence and modernization and urbanization according to economic affluence, acculturation of minority group's culture and han-zu's culture is changing from forced acculturation to spontaneous acculturation. Still there are some areas where mutual friction lasts because of forced acculturation. But except some areas the stream is changing rapidly to spontaneous acculturation. In the text, this study investigated process and present state of acculturation focused on hui-zu that implemented aggressive acceptance of han-zu's culture relatively early. Then this study investigated yi-zu society and cultural change focused on their spontaneous acculturation. In the modern society setting a high value on convenience and personal happiness rather than ideology and value, value of race becomes less attractive to young people of minority group who know modern civilization and convenience of city. In this respect, maybe hui-zu society is future of yi-zu society and minority group society.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.352-364
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the meaning of the experience of male nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 8 male nurses. Data were collected from november 2019 to february 2020 and were analyzed using Colaizzi's method, a phenomenological approach. Results: 8 theme clusters, and 28 themes were identified. The 8 clusters were as follows; the feeling of burden in a busy and sensitive situation, the daily life facing life and death, female colleagues and patients who are still difficult to treat, a reliable and grateful male colleague, being proud of this role that a man can do, various experiences that improve me, constant effort to be recognized as a team member, and wavering and weighing in the career. Conclusion: These results could help to expand understanding the role of male nurses working in the ICU and in other areas. In addition, the results provide basic data needed to improve mutual respect and relationships between male and female nurses. It is necessary to offer mentoring programs for male nurses to adapt to nursing field.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2022

HunMinJeongEum, meaning "the right sound to teach the people," was created in 1443 CE by King Sejong the Great, the fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty. In today's modern language, this letter, called Hangeul, is internationally recognized for its linguistic science. However, it is hard to find a comprehensive study on the fact that King Sejong himself created Hangeul, the Confucian perspective on natural disasters and democracy revealed in the process of writing, the independent efforts emphasized from a certain period, and the achievements of King Sejong, who shared the sorrow of the people and carried out national policies despite the extreme opposition of the nobility. Accordingly, I analyzed the consonants of HunMinJeongEum and looked at the essence of humanity and oriental philosophy (Yin-Yang Five Elements, Sangsu Philosophy, Hado). Surprisingly, different meanings from previous studies and interpretations were found, and King Sejong's "Da Vinci Code," which was left behind in the process of making the consonant, is reinterpreted and revealed. King Sejong's achievements were all connected as one. This is the root of democracy in the Republic of Korea today, and this is why King Sejong was selected as the most beloved and respected historical figure by the Korean people. This study will start with more people's understanding of the fundamental perception and philosophy of the world in Asia, including Korea, to reinterpret and reveal the hardships and great achievements experienced by a leader of a country in the process of creating korean alphabet, and to emphasize democracy, which is an important value for Asians and Westerners' mutual respect and co-prosperity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.2432-2437
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• 2023

Methodology for suppressing or recovering the distorted spectra, which may occur due to mutual non-uniformity and nonlinear response when a multi-detector is simultaneously operated for gamma spectroscopy, is presented with respect to its applicability to stabilization of spectra having the non-identical feature using modified full spectrum reallocation method. The modified full-spectrum reallocation method is extended to provide multiple coefficients that describe the gain drift for multi-division of the spectrum and they were incorporated into an optimization process utilizing a random sampling algorithm. Significant performance improvements were observed with the use of multiple coefficients for solving partial peak dislocation. In this study, our achievements to confirm the stabilization of spectrum having differences in moments and modify the full spectrum reallocation method provide the feasibility of the method and ways to minimize the implication of the non-linear responses normally associated with inherent characteristics of the detector system. We believe that this study will not only simplify the calibration process by using an identical response curve but will also contribute to simplifying data pre-processing for various studies as all spectra can be stabilized with identical channel widths and numbers.