• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1996

Mugwort has been known as a traditional substitutive foodstuff and as showing a physiologically beneficial function to a human being. Therefore, effect of mugwort extract in terms of mutagenicity and desmutagenicity was investigated to berify its function. Ethanol extract from mugwort did not exhibit any mutagenicity. On the contrary, inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract were observed on mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin $B_{1}(AFB_1)$, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole(Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole(Trp-P-2) and 2-nitroflourene(2NF) using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. On direct-acting mutagen(2NF, 3${\mu}$g/plate), ethanol extract showed a slight inhibitory effect of 19.7~22.9%, however on indirect-acting mutagen such as AFB1(2${\mu}$g/plate), Trp-P-1(1${\mu}$g/plate) and Trp-P-2(1${\mu}$g/plate), we observed higher inhibitory effect of 47.9~61.2%, 64.1~70.7%, 67.4~78.7%, respectively. Step-wise fractionation of the ethanol extract was done by using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water to obtain effective fraction. Among them, hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions showed high inhibition of 63.0~80.0%, 77.5~82.1%, and 68.5~83.1%, respectively on the mutagenicity of $AFB_1$ in Sal. typhimurium TA98. Consequently, these results indicated that mugwort extract contains some compound(s) which may show desmutagenicity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1997

Antaeum(ATE) has been used as a prescription for threatened abortion, associated with pregnancy in traditional medicine. Because gravida could be administered ATE for a long period, its administration might cause a harmful effect on fetus and gravida during the pregnancy. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to ATE caused mutagenicity or hepatotoxicity during the pregnant period. For mutagenicity test of ATE, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis were used as indications for DNA damage. In the Ames test, Samonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were used for mutagenicity testing, and the number of histidine revertants was measured. In Rec-assay, Bacillus subtilis H $17(Rec^+)$ and $M-45(Rec^-)$ strains were used to clarify the DNA damage property. In the SOS umu test, Salmonella typhimurium TA15335 containing plasmid pSK1002 was used as a tester strain, and we monitored the levels of umu operon expression by measuring the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity. From the tested results, ATE did not show DNA damage and mutagenicity. On the other hand, hepatotoxicity of ATE to female ICR mice was monitored by the measurements of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities after oral feeding for 15 days. ATE did not show significant change of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities in mice sera.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.716-722
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• 2002

조리조건을 달리하여 가열조리된 육류에서 형성된 단백질의 열분해 산물의 발암성을 검색하고 이의 제어방법을 검토하여 보다 안전한 조리법을 확립하고자 육류 중 돼지고기를 가스그릴(GG)과 전기그릴(EG) 및 전자렌지(MW)를 이용하여 온도별로 조리 한 후 이의 80% 메탄올 추출물에 대해 변이원성을 Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay(in vitro), micronucleus test(in vivo)를 실행하여 검색하였다. 또한 가열조리 중 생성되는 변이원성을 제어하고자 항암 성분을 함유하고 있다고 알려진 채소즙과 녹차 추출물을 시료로 침지후 조리하여 이의 변이원성을 검토하였다. 가열 조리한 시료의 농도별(0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/plate) 변이원성은 농도의존성을 나타내었고, 시료농도 5 mg/$m\ell$/plate에서 유의적으로 높은 변이원성을 나타냈다(p＜0.05). 또한 시료의 조리온도가 상승할수록 변이원성이 증가하여 조리온도 의존성을 알 수 있었고 S-9 mixture 첨가시 변이원성이 2-4배 정도 증가하여 간접 돌연변이원이 더 많이 포함되어 있음을 확인하였다. 육류의 종류별 변이원성은 돼지고기가 유의적으로 가장 높은 변이원성을 보였고 닭고기가 가장 낮은 변이원성을 나타냈다(p＜0.05). 돼지고기를 채소즙 및 녹차즙에 침지후 GG, EG로 조리하였을 때 생강＞양배추＞무즙의 순으로 생강즙에 침지한 시료에서 변이원성이 유의성 있게 낮게 나타났다(P＜0.05). 돌연변이원 생성 억제 효과가 높았던 시료를 이용하여 Micronucleus test를 한 결과 생강즙 처리군이 유의적으로 낮은 소핵 형성률을 나타내어 생강이 소핵 형성 억제 효과가 가장 큰 것을 알 수 있었다(p＜0.05). 실용적인 면에서는 생강즙은 물과 동량인 경우 냄새가 너무 강하여 맛에 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 양배추나 무즙을 이용한다면 고온 가열 조리시보다 안전성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.963-975
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to call attention to the mental, physical and occupational hazards of the anticancer-drug-handling nurses by examining the possible urinary mutagenicity and measuring physical symptoms and stress level of the nurses exposed to anticancer drugs. The experimental group of the urinary mutagenicity assay was 14 nurses handling anticancer drugs at the medical wards of a hospital located in J city ; the control group was 12 psychiatric nurses of the same hospital. The test material was the nurses' 24hrs urine, which was concentrated by XAD-2 column chromatography. Tester strains were TA98(±S9 mix), TA100(±S9 mix), TA1535(±S9 mix) and TA1537(±S9 mix) ; Salmonella mammalian-microsomal test(Ames test) was employed for the urinary mutagenicity assay. The physical symptoms of which the nurses experienced were investigated through self-reports on open-questionnaires. The stress levels of the experimental group were measured by a stress measuring instrument developed by this author. Reliability of this instrument was found to be adequate (Cronbach's Alpha=0.9079). To ascertain the urinary mutagenicity of the experimental group, the mean and the standard deviation of the colonies of Tester strains appearing on the minimal plates were taken and compared differences between two groups. T-test was employed for the significance test of two groups. The physical symptoms were compared between the two groups through the analysis of the nurse' self-reports. The mean and standard deviation of the stress levels of the experimental group were also calculated and were examined through t-test. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The experimental group revealed significantly higher urinary mutagenicity both in the activation method test and the non-activation method test of the tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA1535. In the case of TA1537, two groups showed no difference in the non-activation method test, but the activation method revealed difference. 2. The physical symptoms were also much more frequently reported in the experimental group. 79.3% of the experimental group reported more than 1 kind of physical symptoms. On the other hand, 33.2% of the control group complained of 1 kind of physical symptom. The items with high symptom frequency were 'headache', 'itching sensation', 'corneal congestion', 'skin allergy' 3. The mean score of stress in the experimental group was 2.41(range 1-4). The experimental group showed the stress level above 2.0 in the 14 of 15 items in all. The highest stress level were recorded in the following items in the order quoted, 'I fear that anticancer drug may touch any part of body while handling it.', 'I feel concerned there is no protective countermeasure against anticancer drug handling.', 'I am afraid the anticancer drug handling may produce a fetal loss in the future'.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1997

식이 섬유소의 항암효과기전을 설명하기 위한 연구의 일부로 불용성 섬유소인 lignin 및 수용성 섬유소인 hemicellulose와 단백질 식품의 가열조리 중 생성되는 변 이원성 물질 인 IQ간의 홉착작용에 의한 in vitro돌연변이 억제활성을 Salmonella typhimurium주를 사용한 reversion assay를 통해 살펴 보았다. 특히 본 연구에서는 식품섭취 후 식품성분들이 접하게 되는 생체장관 조건을 맞추기 위해 섬유소와 IQ를 pH 5.4, 2.1과 6.6 순서로 각각 30분씩 미리 배양하였고 각 pH에서 일정량을 취하여 돌연변이 활성을 측정하였다. IQ는 0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate 농도에서 약 100~200 revertants를 생산하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 IQ가 pH 2.1에서 30분간 배양된 후에는 그 돌연변이활성이 없어지는 것으로 나타났고 pH 5.4와 6.6의 조건에서는 lignin과 hemicellulose의 농도에 비례하여 돌연변이 억제활성을 보였다. 한편 같은 농도 와 pH조건에서 lignin과 hemicellulose의 항돌연변이 효과는 유사한 것으로 나타났고 단, pH 5.4에서 200$\mu\textrm{g}$의 hemicellulose가 pH 6.6에서는 100$\mu\textrm{g}$의 hemicellulose가 같은 농도의 lignin에 비해 그 억제활성이 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 섬유소와 IQ 배양 시의 pH에 따른 항돌연변이효과는 lignin의 경우 농도 100 및 200$\mu\textrm{g}$과 hemicellulose의 경우는 200$\mu\textrm{g}$의 농도에서 에서 pH 5.4일 때 pH 6.6일 때 보다 그 효과가 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 1997

The antimutagenic effects of juices and methanol extracts from cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, red cabbage, Korean cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, radish root, leafy radish, rape leaves and shepherd's purse) on the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) were studied using Salmonella assay system. In the case of juices from the cruciferous vegetables, the juices of cabbage, kale, cauliflower and radish root in the concentrations of 50, 200 and 500 ${mu}ell$/plate considerably decreased the mutagenicity induced by AFB1, and the juices of cabbage and broccoli in the concentrations of 200 and 500${mu}ell$/plate significantly reduced the mutagenicity induced by MNNG. The antimutagenic activities of the juices against AFB1 were stronger than those against MNNG. In the case of methanol extracts from the cruciferous vegetables, the methanol extracts of kale, broccoli and shepherd'purse appeared to inhibit the mutagenicity induced by AFB1 and MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium test strains. The effects of the juices against mutagens quite different from ones of the methanol extracts. The juice of cabbage showed antimutagenicity, but its methanol extract was less effective. However, both juices and methanol extracts from kale and broccoli exhibited strong antimutagenic activities against the mutagens.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1998

-4-Quinolone antibiotics (pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfoxacin, ofloxacin and enoxacin) were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and TA102, for chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, and for wing somatic mutations and recombinations (wing spot) in Drosophila. Five 4-quinolones did not show any mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. However, they were mutagenic inSalmonella typhimurium TA102 with and without metabolic activation in both plate incorporation method and preincubation method. Ciprofloxacin induced structural chromosome aberrations in CHL cells both with and without metabolic activation, and the frequencies were 6% and up to 28%, respectively. Pefloxacin showed equivocal evidence, however, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and enoxacin did not induce the structural chromosome aberrations both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. In the wing spot assay in Drosophila, ofloxacin increased the frequency of small single spots significantly in a dose-dependent manner but there was no dose-dependent increase of single or twin spots in the others.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2003

A nonspecific immunostimulator $BARODON^{\circledR}$ was tested for mutagenicity using Ames Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA1 00, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537 with or without metabolic activation (59 mix). None of the fresh species showed mutagenicity. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella phimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 did not increase the number of revertants at all doses tested (5, 2.5 or 1.25 mg/ml). Chromosome aberration test was carried out in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell line. The cells were treated with $BARODON^{\circledR}$ (1, 0.5 or 0.25 mg/ml), while positive control group was treated with Mitomycin C (0.1 mg/ml). The results show that there is no statistically significant difference between positive control and treatment groups. In mouse micronucleus test, there was significant increase in the ratio of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) in the high dose group (10% $BARODON^{\circledR}$), while there is no significance between control and low (2.5% $BARODON^{\circledR}$) or middle (5% $BARODON^{\circledR}$ dose groups. Taken together, this results suggest that below 5% $BARODON^{\circledR}$ might not have mutagenic potential in vitro and vivo systems.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.269-278
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• 1996

Airborne suspended particulates were collected by an Andersen high volume air sampler in a traffic area of Seoul from September 1990 to August 1991. Origanic matter extracted from particulates, their fractions, namely acidic, basic, neutral and carcinogenic subfractions (PAHs, nitroarenes) in neutral fractions were assayed for mutagenicity on TA98, TA100 and TA98NR deficient Salmonella strains, use of the pre-incubation method. The relative contribution to total mutanenicity of organic matters was highest in neutral fraction and was lowest in basic fraction. Among subfractions, that of neutral fraction was higher nitroarenes subfraction compared to PAHs subfraction. While the carcinogenic effect of benzo[a]pyrene was calculated as 0.96 persons/million persons based on unit risk estimates by extrapolation method, life time excess cancer risk estimate of EOM, neutral, PAH fraction based on their mutagenicity was calculated as 52, 42, 3.8 persons/million persons, respectively. These findings indicate that the mutagenic hazard of the partciculate, air organic complex mixture, may be dependent upon the mutagen composition in the particulate and interactions each of them. Therfore, health risk from air organic complex mixtures based on mutagenicity might be useful indicator for evaluation of actual risk.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 1999

In order to know the inhibitory effect of magnesium carbonate(MgCO3) on cytotoxicity, DNA damage, mutagenicity, and cell transforming ability of nickel subsulfide, the inhibition of cell proliferation, DNA-protein crosslinks formation (DPC), HGPRT point mutation, and cell transformation were evaluated. Nickel subsulfide(Ni3S2) and magnesium carbonate as insoluble compounds were used for this study. BALB/3T3 cell, CHO-K1 cell, and C3H10T1/2 cell were used in this experiment. Exposure concentration of nickel subsulfide was 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The concentrations of magnesium carbonate in this study were 0.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 2.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and the molar ratio of magnesium to nickel when exposed simultanously were 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 respectively. The results were as follows; 1. Magnesium carbonate reduced the inhibitory effect of nickel subsulfide on cell proliferation. 2. Magnesium carbonate also reduced the effect of nickel subsulfide on DNA-protein crosslinks formation. 3. HGPRT point mutagenicity of nickel subsulfide was reduced when magnesium carbonate treated simultaneously. 4. Magnesium carbonate reduced cell transforming ability of nickel subsulfide. Conclusively, nickel subsulfide showed cytotoxicity, cell transforming ability, and mutagenicity strongly and magnesium carbonate may have protective roles in these nickel effects.