• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 1970

This paper deals with the proximate composition of the cultured sea mussel (Mytilus edulis) which are distributed along the whole coastline of Korea, particularly abundant in the southern coast Studies on seasonal variation in chemical constituents of the mussel at Northern Bay of Choongmu were carried out from March to December 1968 and the results obtained are as follows: 1. Moisture content in mussel meat was $78.5\%$ on the average; the maximum amounted to $81.3\%$ during May-June, while the minimum was $77.8\%$ in September. 2. Crude protein was in the range of $10.9-13.7\%$; the maximum was In September-October, the minimum appeared in March, and the average value was $12.8\%$. 3. Lipids on the average was $2.5\%$ and there was no markable difference .between the high and low contents. 4. Total sugar was $5\%$ during September-October in its highest, while there appeared minor contents during winter season. 5. Crude ash on the average was $1.5\%$ the and maximum was in November-December. As for minerals in the ash, $963mg\%$ of phosphate, $82mg\%$ of calcium, and $188mg\%$ of iron were found respectively. 6. pH was in the range of 6.02-6.55, but it generally declined to acidity in the summer season. 7. In amino acid contents, there found 16 kinds; $710mg\%$ of glutamic acid, $696mg\%$ of aspartic acid, $383mg\%$ of Iysine, $225.4mg\%$ of valine, $225.1mg\%$ of proline, etc. 8. The amounts of Protein, lipids and total sugar are tend to increase from August to October, particularly in September.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.27-29
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• 2003

해양생명체인 홍합(mussel)은 접착단백질(adhesive protein)을 생산, 분비함으로써 홍합 자신을 바다 속의 바위와 같은 젖은 고체표면에 단단히 부착할 수 있도록 하여 강한 파도의 충격이나 바닷속의 부력 효과에 대하여도 저항할 수 있다. 홍합접착단백질은 현재 알려진 어떠한 화학합성 접착제보다도 강력한 자연적인 접착제로 알려져 있으며 대부분의 에폭시 수지보다 두 배 정도의 커다란 인장강도를 지니고 있으면서도 휘어질 수 있는 유연성을 가지고 있는 혁신적인 물질이므로 접착제 산업계에서 매우 커다란 관심을 끌고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.641-644
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• 2005

The study on the interaction forces of some biological materials is important to understanding biological phenomena and their application to practical purpose. This paper introduces a measuring technique for biological adhesive forces using the AFM(Atomic Force Microscope). Since no standardized thesis on adhesive forces exist, the adhesive forces is defined as adhesive forces against a hardened surface of biological materials. To grant the results are meaningful, which is based on the understanding the surface characteristics of biological materials using the AFM, a nominal value of average adhesive force per unit area should be measured. Therefore the modified AFM probe with small micro glass bead was proposed so that it can guarantee the required contact area for measuring the average adhesive forces. A pyrex glass substrate with circular patterns, which was fabricated by micromachining technique, is introduced in order to controll the contact area. The two types of mussel adhesive proteins, Celltak and recombinant-MGFP5, were tested by the proposed measuring method. The test results show that the adhesive force of the mussel adhesive proteins can be reliably measured by use of this method.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2018

Polydopamine coating is one of the most straightforward and widely used method for surface modification inspired by adhesiveness of mussel foot protein contributed by co-existence of catechol and amine. This technique has been utilized not only in surface modification but other numerous fields of study as well. For the past decade, the subject of polydopamine has been thoroughly studied since the initial polydopamine research published in 2007, including its chemical structure, coating conditions, and material characteristics. In this study, we report the current trends and progress of polydopamine coating methods, the newly developing areas of polydopamine related research such as using dopamine derivatives and polyphenolic compounds, improvement of various functionalization and application of polydopamine coating, and explain the state of current attempts to discover the chemical mechanism, structure, and properties of polydopamine.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.58-70
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• 2015

Injectable RGD-bioconjugated Mussel Adhesive Proteins (RGD-MAPs) composite hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrogels provide local periodontal tissue for bone filling in periodontal surgery. Previously we developed a novel type of injectable self-supported hydrogel (2 mg/ml of RGD-MAPs/HPMC) based porcine nano hydroxyapatite (MPH) for dental graft, which could good handling property, biodegradation or biocompatibility with the hydrogel disassembly and provided efficient cell adhesion activity and no inflammatory responses. Herein, the aim of this work was to evaluate bone formation following implantation of MPH and collagen membrane in rabbit calvarial defects. Eight male New Zealand rabbits were used and four circular calvarial defects were created on each animal. Defects were filled with different graft materials: 1) collagen membrane, 2) collagen membrane with MPH, 3) collagen membrane with bovine bone hydroxyapatite (BBH), and 4) control. The animals were sacrificed after 2 and 8 weeks of healing periods for histologic analysis. Both sites receiving MPH and BBH showed statistically increased augmented volume and new bone formation (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in new bone formation between the MPH, BBH and collagen membrane group at all healing periods. Within the limits of this study, collagen membrane with MPH was an effective material for bone formation and space maintaining in rabbit calvarial defects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.66-67
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• 2012

As polymer coatings of nano-structured surface become significant to obtain functionalized materials, catechol derived from a mussel protein has attracted increasing attention for its universal adhesiveness. In addition to the unique adhesion property, its reducing ability of metal ions during oxidative polymerization to polydopamine (pD) widely expands the application of catechol molecules in the field of surface modification. In this study, we present the catechol conjugated smart polymer coatings for regulating surface properties such as wettability and anti-fouling effects. In additino, the in situ silver coating of electrospun polymer nanofibers using a silver-catechol redox reaction is presented as a simple method to produce metal nanostructures.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.305-316
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and barrier function of mussel adhesive protein (MAP)-loaded collagen membranes in guided bone regeneration (GBR). Methods: Eight male New Zealand white rabbits were used. Four circular defects (diameter: 8 mm) were created in the calvarium of each animal. The defects were randomly assigned to 1) a negative control group, 2) a cyanoacrylate (CA)-loaded collagen membrane group (the CA group), 3) a MAP-loaded collagen membrane group (the MAP group), and 4) a group that received a polycaprolactone block with MAP-loaded collagen membrane (the MAP-PCL group). Specimens were harvested at 2 weeks (n=4) and 8 weeks (n=4) postoperatively for observational histology and histometric analysis. Results: In the histologic analysis, MAP was completely absorbed without any byproducts. In contrast, some of the CA adhesive remained, showing an inflammatory reaction, at 8 weeks. In the MAP-PCL group, the MAP-loaded collagen membranes served as a barrier membrane despite their fast degradation in GBR. No significant difference was found in the amount of new bone between the MAP-PCL and MAP groups ($1.82{\pm}0.86mm^2$ and $2.60{\pm}0.65mm^2$, respectively). Conclusions: The MAP-loaded collagen membrane functioned efficiently in this rabbit calvarial GBR model, with excellent biocompatibility. Further research is needed to assess clinical applications in defect types that are more challenging for GBR than those used in the current model.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.650-655
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• 2017

Extraction methods for cultured sea mussels Mytilus edulis and the quality characteristics of resulting extracts were investigated. The crude protein, carbohydrate and volatile basic nitrogen content of raw sea mussels was 15.2%, 1.9%, and 11.2 mg/100 g, respectively. Extracts were prepared using three different methods: hot-water extract (WE), scrap enzymatic hydrolysate extraction (SE), and complex extraction (CE). The respective extracts contained 5.5%, 8.6%, and 6.6% crude protein; 281.7, 366.0, and 343.0 mg/100 g amino nitrogen,: and 2.0%, 1.1% and 1.8% salinity. Their extraction yields were 689, 323, and 1,012 mL/kg. The CE method was superior to the traditional WE method in terms of extraction yield, amino-nitrogen content, and organoleptic qualities, but not odor. Active taste components were evaluated and the total free amino acid content of the WE and CE methods was 5,667.0 and 7,006.3 mg/100 g, respectively. The concentrations of major components (for WE and CE methods, respectively) were as follows: glutamic acid (1,244.0 and 955.4 mg/100 g), taurine (987.9 and 746.8 mg/100 g), glycine (721.2 and 847.0 mg/100 g), alanine (341.9 and 423.8 mg/100 g), arginine (265.5 and 376.5 mg/100 g), lysine (199.8 and 270.4 mg/100 g), and proline (253.9 and 220.3 mg/100 g). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that there is potential for using the CE method to expand the commercial utilization of sea mussels as a flavoring substance resource.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.927-937
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• 2021

This study was performed to screen the antimicrobial activities of the extract from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against skin pathogens and to purify the relevant antibacterial peptide. The acidified extract showed potent antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but showed no activity against Candida albicans and no significant cell toxicity. Among acne-causing pathogens, the acidified extract showed potent antibacterial activity only against Staphylococcus aureus, and its antibacterial activity was completely abolished by treatment with trypsin or chymotrypsin, and was inhibited by salt treatment. The acidified extract showed strong DNA-binding ability but did not show bacterial membrane permeabilizing ability. Based on antimicrobial activity screening and cytotoxic effects, a novel antibacterial peptide was purified from the acidified gill extract using solid-phase extraction, cation-exchange, and reversed-phase HPLC. The resulting peptide had a molecular weight of 4800.8 Da and showed partial sequence homology with the carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) protein in the hard-shelled mussel. Overall, we purified a novel antibacterial peptide, named cgCAFLP, which is related to carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4) protein, against skin pathogens. Our results suggest that the Pacific oyster extract could be used as an additive to control some acne-related skin pathogens (S. aureus).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 1994

The possibility of shellfish utilization of juice as seasoning materials was examined through the analyzing proximate compositions and N-containing materials. The amounts of the sucking liquid wastes were estimated as 58,819 tons for oyster, 764 tons for pen-shell, 604 tons for cockle and 3,896 tons for blue-mussel from 1985 to 1990 in Korea. Water contents ranged from 95.2 to $97.4\%$ and crude protein level was $1.0{\sim}1.4\%$. Taurine was the most abundant nitrogenous compound($40{\sim}56\%$) in extracts, and glycine($10.4{\sim}36.1\%$), alanine($4.8{\sim}8.6\%$) and glutamic acid($3.1{\sim}5.3\%$) followed. More than $40\%$ of ADP and AMP as mucleotide were contained in all shellfish samples but pen-shell and cockle had $20\%$ of inosine, also. Glycinebetaine was present in corcentrations of 139.8mg/g in oyster and $45.5{\sim}61.9mg/100g$ in pen-shell, cockle and blue-mussel. Total creatinine and trimethylamine oxide levels were $30.4{\sim}59.1mg/100g$ and $0.82{\sim}47.2mg/100g$, respectively.