• 제목/요약/키워드: muscles

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식품의 물성이 제작근의 활성도 및 저작 양태에 미치는 영향 (A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF TEXTURE OF FOOD ON CHEWING MOVEMENTS AND EMG OF MASTICATORY MUSCLE)

  • 조리라;김광남;장익태;허성주
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.427-452
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    • 1998
  • To elucidate the effects of food texture such as hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness on mastication procedure, the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the masticatory muscles and the chewing movements were analyzed in eighteen young subjects during ordinary chewing. Seven different foods were selected by sensory texture profiling and mechanical test with texturometer; egg white, sausage, pizza cheese, yang-geng, biscuit, peanut and almond. The indexes of jaw movements used were the chewing number, chewing time, maximum opening, average opening, closing velocity and opening velocity. The EMG indexes analyzed were maximum and average integrated amplitude of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The chewing time and chewing number, mandibular displacement and mandibular movement velocity were not changed by the hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness of the food (p>0.05). 2. The harder food materials showed a higher amplitude of the anterior temporal muscle integrated EMGs than the softer ones (p<0.05). 3. The maximum and average integrated EMGs of the masseter muscle increased with the increase of hardness of the food (p<0.05). 4. The integrated EMGs of preferred side and non-preferred side masticatory muscles increased with the increase of hardness of the food (p<0.05). 5. The adhesiveness and cohesiveness of the food were not the determining factor to the integrated EMGs of masticatory muscles (p<0.05).

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시스플라틴에 의해 유발된 식욕부진이 쥐의 뒷다리근에 미치는 영향: 저용량 연속투여요법과 고용량 투여요법 간의 비교 (A Comparison between Effects of Anorexia Induced by Consecutive Low-Dose Cisplatin and High-Dose Cisplatin on Hindlimb Muscles of Rats)

  • 김진일;최명애
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of anorexia induced by consecutive low-dose and high-dose of cisplatin (CDDP) on the hindlimb muscles of rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups: Control group (C) received a saline (the same dose and duration as the low CDDP group), the high-dose cisplatin (High CDDP) group received a single 5 mg/kg dose of cisplatin, the consecutive low-dose cisplatin (Low CDDP) group had 1 mg/kg of cisplatin administered for five consecutive days. On the 8th day the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Body weight, food intake, activity, muscle weight, Type I, II fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of the dissected muscles were measured. Results: Body weight, food intake, muscle weight and Type I, II fiber CSA of the High CDDP and Low CDDP groups were significantly less than the C group. The High CDDP group showed significant decreases, compared to the Low CDDP group, in body weight, food intake, activity score, muscle weight and Type I, II fiber CSA. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs due to anorexia induced by both consecutive low-dose and high-dose cisplatin. The muscle atrophy induced by consecutive low-dose cisplatin is less apparent than high-dose cisplatin.

Effects of aging and freezing/thawing sequence on quality attributes of bovine Mm. gluteus medius and biceps femoris

  • Kim, Hyun-Wook;Kim, Yuan H. Brad
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.254-261
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    • 2017
  • Objective: The effects of aging and freezing/thawing sequence on color, physicochemical, and enzymatic characteristics of two beef muscles (Mm. gluteus medius, GM and biceps femoris, BF) were evaluated. Methods: Beef muscles at 3 d postmortem were assigned to four different combinations of aging and freezing/thawing sequence as follows; aging at $2^{\circ}C$ for 3 wk (A3, never-frozen control), freezing at $-28^{\circ}C$ for 2 wk then thawing (F2, frozen/thawed-only), aging at $2^{\circ}C$ for 3 wk, freezing at $-28^{\circ}C$ for 2 wk then thawing (A3F2), and freezing at $-28^{\circ}C$ for 2 wk, thawing then further aging at $2^{\circ}C$ for 3 wk (F2A3). Results: No significant interactions between different aging/freezing/thawing treatments and muscle type on all measurements were found. Postmortem aging, regardless of aging/freezing/thawing sequence, had no impact on color stability of frozen/thawed beef muscles (p<0.05). F2A3 resulted in higher purge loss than F2 and A3F2 treatments (p<0.05). A3F2 and F2A3 treatments resulted in lower shear force of beef muscles compared to F2 (p<0.05). Although there was no significant difference in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, F2A3 had the highest ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ glucominidase (BNAG) activity in purge, but the lowest BNAG activity in muscle (p<0.05). GM muscle exhibited higher total color changes and purge loss, and lower GSH-Px activity than BF muscle. Conclusion: The results from this present study indicate that different combinations of aging/freezing/thawing sequence would result in considerable impacts on meat quality attributes, particularly thaw/purge loss and tenderness. Developing a novel freezing strategy combined with postmortem aging will be beneficial for the food/meat industry to maximize its positive impacts on tenderness, while minimizing thaw/purge loss of frozen/thawed meat.

견관절 재활훈련을 위한 기능적 전기자극 (Functional Electrical Stimulation for Rehabilitation of a Shoulder Joint)

  • 전재현;김진오
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제37권12호
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    • pp.1121-1127
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    • 2013
  • 본 논문은 인체 견관절의 재활훈련을 위하여 견관절 근육에서 근전도를 측정하고 기능적 전기자극을 인가하는 실험적 연구를 다룬다. 견관절 근골격계의 구성 및 운동형상과 주요 기능을 토대로, 시상면 운동에서 주요 역할을 하는 견관절 근육을 실험대상으로 선정하였다. 첫 번째 실험으로 관절 각도에 따른 주요 근육의 표면근전도를 측정하였다. 관절 각도 변화와 표면면근전도 변화가 선형 비례하는 경향이 나타났다. 두 번째 실험으로 견관절 근육에 기능적 전기자극을 인가하면서 관절 각도를 측정하였다. 전기자극의 일정 범위에서 자극 전류 증가에 따라 관절 각도가 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 능동형 재활훈련의 방안으로, 근전도 측정에 의해 근육의 운동의지를 감지하고 기능적 전기자극으로 근육의 장력 발생을 보조하는 게 가능함을 확인하였다.

경부 굴곡변화 및 경부근이 pitch 조절에 미치는 영향 (An Effect of Neck Curvature and Neck Muscles on Pitch Control)

  • 홍기환;김영중;정경호;김영기
    • 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 1994
  • The vocal pitch is controlled by the tension, mass, and length of the vocal fold. It is well known that cricothyroid approximation raises the vocal pitch by simulating the contraction of the cricothyroid muscle, and there were so many reports that have noted a relationship between cricothyroid distance and pitch control, but there does not seem to be any single generally accepted theory to account for this connection. It is generally known that the strap muscles are active during low and falling Fo, and the suprahyoid muscles are active during high and raising Fo. These findings can be related to a general picture of the motion of the larynx during changes in Fo, the cricothyroid joint would tend to lengthen the vocal folds, as the larynx moves up and forward, and relax them as it moves back and down. In this study, we suggest that the relationship between anterior cricothyroid distance and fundamental frequency of the larynx was so complex according to the level of larynx and vertebral curvature. The higher the level of larynx, the wider the cricothyoid distance, but there is more greater fundamental frequency even though more wide cricothyroid distance. This phono-menon seems to be due to the multifactors, especially the vertical tension of the conus elasticus or the change of cricothyroid articulation. It is generally known that the crocothyoid and vocal is muscles are very closely related to pitch elevation, but sternohyoid muscle seems to be more closely related to pitch lowering. By this electromyographic studies, the sternohyoid muscle have dual activity to pitch control, increased activity during the low fundamental frequency and falling pitch, but also increased activity during the higher fundamental frequency and raising pitch at least in this study.

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Activity of Muscles Surrounding Shoulder Joint during Push-Up Exercise according to the Change of Tilting Table Angle

  • Cho, Yong-Ho;Choi, Jin-Ho
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2016
  • PURPOSE: This study was implemented to measure the muscle activity of muscles surrounding shoulder during push-up exercise according to the slope angle. METHODS: This study has research subject consisting of 25 normal male adults without neurologic or musculoskeletal injury in shoulder part. EMG was used as a tool for measuring muscle activity and four muscles including upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), Lower Trapezius (LT), and Serratus Anterior (SA) were chosen for measuring the muscle activity of muscles surrounding shoulder. Tilting table slope was set at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$ and push-up motion was performed three time for each case to use the average value. The measured value was used after generalization process to create %RVC value where the measured value was standardized by using $0^{\circ}$ as a standard. RESULTS: There was a difference of muscle activity according to the tilting table slope during push-up exercise. In UT, MT, and SA, there was no significant $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. But there was significant $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. LT was significant difference between $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ (p<.05). CONCLUSION: There are cases where push-up exercise should be selectively implemented due to shoulder problems. According to this results between $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, push up will be able to more effectively exercise. Applying proper angle of tilting table for push-up to patients who have difficulties in performing motions along with physical consumption can deliver effective and easy exercise program.

정상인들의 다양한 자세에서 두부와 경부의 회전 동안 경부 표층 근육들의 사용 비율 (Comparison of Multimodal Posture of Healthy Adults on the Usage Rate of the Superficial Neck Muscles during Head and Neck Rotation)

  • 황태연;송현승;이남용
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.41-52
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    • 2016
  • PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the levels of usage of the superficial neck muscles during head rotation in forward head posture and in multimodal postures for improvement of cervical rotation movement impairment. METHODS: To acquire electromyography (EMG) signals from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM-M), upper trapezius (UPT-M), and the splenius capitis (SPC-M) muscles, 11 subjects practiced right rotation of the head in forward head postures (FHP), upright sitting postures (USP), upright sitting postures with supported arms (SUP), standing postures with the arms leaning against the wall (WSP), and four feet postures (FFP), respectively. RESULTS: The left SCM-M was used significantly more in the FFP compared to the FHP, but not in other postures (p<0.01). The left UPT-M was used significantly more in all postures other than the FHP. The right SPC-M was used significantly more in the FFP (p<0.001) and significantly less (p<0.05) in the SUP compared to the FHP. CONCLUSION: During the rotation of the head, although the usage of the SPC-M significantly decreased in SUP compared to FHP but the usage of the SCM-M and UPT-M did not decrease significantly in other postures compared to FHP. Further research is necessary to prove the hypothesis that special postures may reduce the activity of the superficial neck muscles during head rotation.

젊은 여성의 몸통 근육 활성도 분석을 통한 목발 길이 측정 방법의 효율성 비교 (Comparison of the Effects of Different Crutch Length Measurement Methods on Trunk Muscle Activities in Young Females)

  • 전현;오덕원
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.77-84
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    • 2020
  • PURPOSE: This study compared the activities of the trunk muscles during crutch walking to determine which of the crutch length measurements is most beneficial. METHODS: Twenty young women volunteered to participate in this study. After adjusting crutch length, the participants performed a three-point walking with nondominant leg limited in weight bearing. This study used six crutch length measurements: (1) Height-40.6cm, (2) Height'.77, (3) Olecranon-to-finger length, (4) Axillary-toheel length, (5) Arm-span length-40.6cm, and (6) Arm-span length'.77. The EMG activities of the internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus (MF), and erector spinae (ES), muscles on the weight bearing side were monitored using wireless surface EMG. RESULTS: The EMG activities of the RA and ES appeared to be significantly different among the crutch length measurements (p<.05). The post-hoc test showed that the 'Arm-span length-40.6cm' was significantly greater in the RA activity when compared to the 'Height'.77' and 'Axillary-to-heel length' measurements, and in the ES activity when compared to 'Height'.77' measurements. Furthermore, IO/RA and MF/ES ratios showed significant differences among the crutch length measurements (p<.05). In the post-hoc test, significant difference was observed between 'Olecranon-to-finger length' and 'Arm-span length-40.6cm' for the IO/RA ratio, and between 'Height'.77' and 'Olecranon-to-finger length' and between 'Height'.77' and 'Arm-span length-40.6cm' measurement for the MF/ES ratio. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the 'Height'.77' measurement is relatively advantageous to optimize the activities of trunk muscles during the crutch walking, and allow simple measurements of the crutch length.

뇌졸중 환자의 근긴장도 평가를 위한 개정된 개정된 Ashworth 척도의 신뢰도 (Reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale for the Muscle Tone of Poststroke Patients)

  • 김태호;김용욱
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.477-485
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    • 2010
  • Purpose : The clinical scale to assess spasticity of muscle was wildly used the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). But reliability of the MAS has been controverted for ambiguity among the grades. The purpose of this study was to establish the inter-rater reliability of the modified MAS (MMAS) translated into Korean in stroke patients. Methods : Twenty-five patients (sixteen men and nine women) with hemiplegia (ten right and fifteen left) were measured by two raters who were physical therapist in the rehabilitation hospital. The raters assessed spasticity of shoulder adductor, elbow flexor, wrist flexor, hip adductor, knee extensor, and ankle plantar flexor in the same patients according to ratings criteria of the MAS and the MMAS. Results : For the inter-rater reliability of the MAS, two raters agreed on 57.3% and the Kappa values were moderate ($\kappa$=0.41) between two rater. The inter-rater reliability of the MAS was fair for the wrist flexor and the hip adductor and moderate for the other muscles. The intra-rater reliability was good for the shoulder adductor and the knee extensor and moderate for the other muscles. For the inter-rater reliability of the MMAS, two raters agreed on 84.7% and the Kappa values were good ($\kappa$=0.78) between two rater. The inter-rater reliability of the MMAS was moderate for the hip adductor, and good for the shoulder adductor and the wrist flexor, and very good for the other muscles. The intra-rater reliability was good for the wrist flexor and the hip adductor and very good for the other muscles. Conclusion : This study suggests that the MMAS translated into Korean is reliable test scale for the spasticity with stroke patients in the clinical field.

계단 오르기 시 발뒤꿈치 접지 방법이 정상인의 복부 근육 활성도에 미치는 영향: 단면 예비연구 (Effects of Heel Contact Methods of Stair Ascent on Abdominal Muscle Activation in Healthy Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study)

  • 강정현;김창용;김재환;김형동
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2017
  • PURPOSE: This study was to determine the changes of abdominal muscles activation according to the heel contact methods of stair ascent in healthy young adults. METHODS: 33 healthy young subjects (mean age: $26.37{\pm}9.72$ years, age range: 20-32 years) volunteered under two conditions. They were performed stair ascent with heel contact and without heel contact. The effects of heel contact methods were assessed using the surface electromyography (sEMG) analysis during stair ascent for activation of abdominal muscles (internal oblique; IO, transverse abdominis; TrA, external oblique; EO rectus abdominis; RA). The interventions were conducted over three trials in each method, and measurements were performed on each subject by one examiner in three trials. RESULTS: Our results revealed that there were significantly greater increase in the EMG activation of IO and TrA muscles in the performance of stair ascent with heel contact (p<.05) compared to those of stair ascent without heel contact. The results also showed that there were greater decrease in the ratio of abdominal muscle activation in those of stair ascent with heel contact compared with stair ascent without heel contact. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that the method of stair ascent with heel contact would suggest positive evidence for improving activation of abdominal muscles.