• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 2010

Recently some researches have established that the melatonin, secreted by pineal gland, may evoke the changes of contractile responses on smooth muscles. We examined the effects of melatonin on the motility of rat pyloric antrum and which mechanism might be involved in the effects. Pyloric antral strips from the stomach of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared for isometric tension recording in organ bath. The strips were precontracted by acetylcholine and high-KCl solutions. In precontracted conditions the tensions were increased by accumulative application of melatonin ($10^{-8}-10^{-4}$ M) dose-dependently, even in resting states. And the effects were almost disappeared when the concentrations of ACh were over than 10 ${\mu}M$. The effects of melatonin were inhibited by pretreatment of 10 mM TEA and/or 10 ${\mu}M$ 4-AP and rarely affected by pretreatment of 1 mM TEA, 10 ${\mu}M$ glibenclamide and 10 ${\mu}M$ verapamil respectively. From these results it is concluded that the contractile responses of smooth muscles of rat pyloric antrum were enhanced by melatonin application and the mechanism might be concerned with the inhibition of some voltage-dependent potassium channels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 1998

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary protein (20, 22, 24%) with a constant protein-to-energy ratio on clenbuterol-induced performance in broilers. The protein-to-energy ratio was based on adequate level (22% protein, 3,100 kcal of energy). Female broiler chickens were used for a $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement and fed diets with or without 1 ppm clenbuterol from 14- to 32-days of age. Feed efficiency improved with increasing dietary protein level, regardless of clenbuterol treatment. The dietary clenbuterol increased weights of breast and leg muscles (gastrocnemius and peroneus longus), and clenbuterol markedly reduced protein content of leg muscles in chickens fed the 20% protein diet, but did not in chickens fed the 22 and 24% protein diets. Feeding the 24% protein diet with clenbuterol improved the protien accretion (peroneus longus) by 8.4%. Clenbuterol decreased DNA content and increased the protein/DNA ratio in breast muscle regardless of dietary protein intake. Clenbuterol had no effect on RNA content in both breast and leg muscles. The present results demonstrated that various protein levels which retain the same protein-to-energy ratio in the diet markedly alter the protein accretion induced by ${\beta}$-agonist in broilers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

PURPOSE: This study assessed the effect of the pelvic compression belt on the electromyographic activity of erector spinae (ES), internal oblique (IO), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF) after bridge exercise with pelvic belt compression in subjects with lumbar instability. METHODS: Forty subjects with lumbar instability volunteered for this study. We asked them to perform the bridge exercise while wearing a pelvic belt compression for 30 minutes five times weekly over a six week period. The pelvic compression belt was adjusted just below the anterior superior iliac spines with stabilizing pressure using elastic compression bands during bridge position. Surface electromyographic data were collected from the erector spinae (ES), internal oblique (IO), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF). RESULTS: After the six week intervention, the experimental group improved significantly. Muscle activation significantly decreased in the erector spinae, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris, and increased in the internal oblique muscle in bridge position while wearing a PCB (P <.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the bridge exercise with pelvic belt compression is helpful to reduce activation in superficial muscles and lower extremity muscles such as erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF) and increase activation in deep trunk muscle such as the internal oblique (IO).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2018

Meat quality includes technological quality attributes, consumer acceptance, and credence characteristics. In terms of credence characteristics, animal welfare is one of the most interesting topics to both consumers and the livestock industry. Consumers prefer meat produced from livestock that has been raised in low stress and ecofriendly environments. The livestock industry cares about animal welfare to meet the requirements of consumers. Animal welfare is closely associated with the stress and physiological response of livestock to stress. Moreover, stress just before slaughter (i.e., pre-slaughter stress) has negative effects on not only animal welfare but also ultimately on meat quality. It is well-documented that pre-slaughter stress can influence ante- and post-mortem biological changes of the muscles, especially their metabolic properties and metabolites. The metabolic properties and metabolites contents also can modulate the postmortem changes of the muscles. Conversion of muscles to meat during postmortem is a very important process because it determines ultimately the meat quality. Thus, understanding pre-slaughter stress and physiological responses to stress in farm animals is important for animal welfare and meat quality. The purpose of this paper was to examine the concept of stress, physiological responses to stress, measurement of stress, and the relationships between stress indices and meat quality traits.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise and lower extremity strengthening program on pain, lower extremity muscle in patients with chronic low back pain. Method: The subject were randomly divided two groups. 15 people who were conducted lower extremity exercises and lumbar stabilization exercises called the combined exercise group and other(15 people) who were only conducted lower extremity exercise group. The assessment tools were the pain level and the led muscle power. Exercise was conducted for eight weeks. Result: Pain of the combined exercise group showed significant differences in the change in pain level(p<.05). The leg muscle power showed significant differences within group which hip flexor, extensor muscles and abductor muscles. there were significant differences within combined exercise group (p<.05). But the knee joint in each group showed a significant difference within group (p<.05). Conclusion: This study suggest that the lumbar stabilization exercises and lower extremity exercises showed more efficient results in the pain levels and leg muscles power than only the lower extremity exercise for patients with lumbar instability.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.524-532
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high post-mortem temperature application on development of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) turkey meat characteristics in terms of local slaughter conditions. Within this scope, it was targeted to obtain PSE-like muscles benefiting from different post-mortem temperature applications. Immediately after slaughter, turkey Pectoralis major (n=15) muscles were kept at various post-mortem temperatures (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40℃) for 5 h. pH values of 40°C treatment were lower than four other treatments (p<0.05). L* values, drip loss, cook loss, and thawing loss of 40℃ group were higher than the other groups (p< 0.05). Napole yield of 40℃ treatment indicated that high post-mortem temperature decreases brine uptake. Protein solubility of 40℃ group was lower than 0℃ group (p<0.05). Expressible moisture did not differ between 0 and 40℃ treatments. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness of 40℃ treatment were higher than 0℃ treatment. The results of this research showed that high post-mortem temperature treatment induced development of PSE-like turkey meat, with lower pH, paler color, higher technological and storage losses, and reduced protein solubility and texture.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of different types of plank exercise on abdominal muscle thickness in subjects with asymmetric pelvic anterior tilt. Methods : Participants with a diagnosis of pelvic anterior tilt were divided into an experimental group (n=12) and a control group (n=13). The thicknesses of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles were measured using an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus. The data were analyzed using an SPSS (Ver. 21) program. Results : In the experimental group, there was a significant difference in the thicknesses of the left and right muscles in the standing and elbow plank exercises (p<.05). All the muscle thicknesses increased significantly during the plank exercises(elbow plank, right-side plank, and left-side plank) as compared with those in the standing position (p<.05). In addition, the side-plank exercise resulted in significantly higher muscle thickness of the supported side (p<.01, p<.001). Conclusion : These findings suggest that asymmetric exercise should be applied to the change of the left and right muscles of the abdominal when applying plank exercise according to pelvic anterior tilt.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1981

Fifteen young pigs were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups 1. Group for removal of the temporal muscle, 2. Group for removal of the masseter muscle, 3, Group for removal of masseter and internal pterygoid muscles. The animals were anesthetized with $3.5\%$ chloral hydrate intraperitoneally. In the right side the head was shaved. The masticatory muscle was removed. The animals were sacrificed four months later. The head was separated from trunk and cleaned by boiling in a solution of potassium hydroxide. The results were as follows; 1. In the group for removal of the temporal muscle, the Coronoid process of the mandible was resorbed. 2. In the group for removal of the masseter muscle, there was produced asymmetrical growth of the mandible, attrition of the molar teeth in the control side, and resorption of the mandibular angle. 3. In the group for removal of the Masseter and Internal muscles, the changes were more severe than that of the group for removal of the masseter muscle. The mandibular angle was completely absent. 4. The growth of the bone seems definitely related to the presence of the muscular tissue actively pulling upon it.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

Background: The purpose of our experimental study, we want to know a correlation study using the sonogram between the muscle strength and the diameter of Biceps brachii muscle by gender. So we set to hypothesis that Biceps brachii contracted maximally would be a diameter of the muscles increased according to the muscle strength will be increased. Methods: In this study, we measured the muscle strength of biceps brachii on contracting its maximum using the Biodex and the diameter of the muscles using Myo-Lab (25Gold). We experimented 30 subjects of twenty-aged men and women. The subjects is comprised of a persons who has not external injuries and pain of elbow joint, no mobility limitation of ROM, no experiences of surgery in past history. Result: We found that the men have a highly correlation between maximum strength and the diameter of the muscles more than women (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of our experimental study between the muscle diameter and the muscle strength to biceps brachii on relaxation and contraction is a statistically significant relation (r=.394), especially in rather men then women (p<.05). So this results would be based data for further clinical muscle efficiency application in physical therapy field.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

Background: Exercise in the quadruped position is performed to improve body and shoulder stability. This study examined the muscle activity of the trunk muscles according to the distance of the weight shift when lifting one leg in the quadruped position. Methods: Ten healthy 20 to 40 years old males were tested as subjects. All subjects moved their body weight to 0, 5, and 10cm on the opposite side of the leg lifter while maintaining the quadruped position. The surface electrodes recorded the electromyography data during the one leg lifting. Results: As the weight shift distance was increased, there was a significant difference in muscle activity of both serratus anterior, multifidus and internal oblique muscles (p<.05). Left and right serratus anterior and right internal oblique were most activated when weight shift distance was 0cm (p<.05). Conclusion: Shoulder and lumbar stabilization exercises should be applied in the absence of a weight shift distance during quadruped exercise.