• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects on muscle thickness and balance ability after performing plank exercise on various surface types. Methods: In this study, there were thirty healthy participants. Participants were randomly distributed into three groups, a control group (n=10), sling group (n=10), and ball group (n=10). All participants performed plank exercises three times a week for four weeks. Plank exercises consisted of five sets of 30 seconds each with a one minute break between each set. Muscle thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) was measured using an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus and balance was measured using I-balance. Results: Evaluation of muscle thickness revealed that the IO and EO muscle of the ball group changed significantly relative to the control group (p<0.05). However, there were no significant changes in balance. Conclusion: The results revealed that performing plank exercise on a ball is more effective among various types of surfaces.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2022

Purpose: This study examined the effect of vibration exercise on the thickness of the oblique extrinsic, oblique abdominal, and biceps muscles, which are trunk muscles, targeting children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: The participants in this study were 20 children (8 male and 12 female) with cerebral palsy aged 5-10 years. They were classified into two groups using a randomized allocation method, and the trunk muscle thickness was measured using an ultrasound-imaging device before and six weeks after the experiment. A paired t-test was used for the within-group changes, and an independent t-test was used for the inter-group changes. The significance level was set to α=0.05. Results: There was a significant increase in the inter-group change in the experimental group and control group in the intra-group change in the external oblique muscle and internal oblique muscle. After six weeks, there was a significant increase in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Vibration exercise had a positive effect on the trunk muscle thickness of children with cerebral palsy. Vibration exercise produced a significant difference in the changes in the trunk muscle thickness in children with cerebral palsy compared to no vibration exercise. These results may provide basic data for future research and as a training method for strengthening the trunk muscles in clinical trials.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of bridge exercise combined with vibration on abdominal muscle thickness. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: As study subjects, 24 adults in their 20s were classified into 12 vibration bridge exercise groups and 12 bridge exercise groups. The time was divided into before the experiment, 3 weeks after the experiment, and 6 weeks after the experiment. Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to examine changes in the muscle thickness of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal muscles of the trunk muscles, and the significance level was set at 0.05. If there was an interaction between time and group, post-hoc analysis was performed, and the significance level was set at 0.01. Results: There was a significant difference in the external oblique muscle in the change by period, the interaction between time and group, and the change between groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the external oblique muscle in the change by period, the interaction between time and group, and the change between groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, bridge exercise combined with vibration had a positive effect on the muscle thickness of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. It suggests the possibility of using the basic data of vibration exercise and the lumbar stabilization exercise in clinical practice.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare ultrasound images of trunk muscles according to gender in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty six subjects(13 males and 13 females) were enrolled in this study. The thickness of trunk muscles was measured for transverse abdominis (TrA), external oblique abdominis (EOA), internal oblique abdominis (IOA), and multifidus (MF) using ultrasound. The thickness of the muscles was measured for the length of cross-section except for fascia. The muscle thickness wasmeasured at the both side, then the mean value was calculated. Also, each of trunk muscle wasanalysed by echodensity, white area index. RESULTS: As a results, there was significant difference in muscle thickness of EOA, IOA according to gender (p<0.05). The male was significant increase than female of EOA, IOA in muscle thickness. There was significant difference in echo intensity of TrA, MF according to gender(p<0.05). The female was significant increase than male of TrA, MF in echo intensity. There was significant difference in white area index of EOA according to gender(p<0.05). The female was significant increase than male of EOA in white area index. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that healthy male have a greater EOA, IOA trunk muscle thickness than female. However, the difference of muscle quality between male and female was showed through thisexperiment. Therefore, the ultrasonography images will be useful tool for seeing quantitative and qualitative difference of trunk muscles according to gender.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the lumbar stabilization exercise and strength exercise on pain, ROM, strength, muscle thickness of low back pain(LBP) patients. Method : The subjects were consisted of twelve patients who had nonspecific LBP. All subjects randomly assigned to lumbar stabilization exercise group(N=6) and strength exercise group(N=6). We measured muscular strength, ROM by using Tergumed-extension, rotation and muscle thickness by using ultrasonography and pain score by using Visual analog scale(VAS). The lumbar stabilization exercise group received TOGU exercise, strength exercise group received Tergumed exercise. The data analyzed by repeated measure of Independent t-test, paired t-test, reliability test. Result : The results were as follows. The result which measured of the change of pain score was a significant decrease. The result which measured of the change of ROM and strength was a significant increase. The result which measured of the change of the Internal abdominal oblique, External abdominal oblique on muscle thickness was a significant increase. Stabilization exercise group and Strength exercise group showed the significant difference in muscle thickness on Transversus abdominis, Multifidus. Stabilization exercise group was more increased in muscle thickness. Conclusion : Therefore, we suggest that stabilization exercise is effective for non-specific low back pain.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) causes morphological changes in muscles, reduces muscle strength, endurance and flexibility, negatively affects lumbar stability, and limits functional activity. Plank exercise strengthens core muscles, activates abdominal muscles, and improves intra-abdominal pressure to stabilize the trunk in patients with CLBP. Objects: We investigated the effect of plank exercise on abdominal muscle thickness and disability in patients with CLBP. Methods: We classified 33 subjects into 2 groups: An experimental (n1=17) and a control group (n2=16). Patients in the experimental group participated in plank exercise and those in the control group participated in stretching exercise. Patients in both groups attended 20-minute exercise sessions thrice a week for 4 weeks. Abdominal muscle thickness in each subject was evaluated ultrasonographically, and disabilities were assessed using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results: Four weeks later, abdominal muscle thickness showed a significant increase over baseline values in both groups (p<.05). Patients in the experimental group reported a more significant increase in the thickness of the external oblique muscle than that in the control group (p<.05). ODI scores in the experimental group were significantly lower after intervention than before intervention (p<.05). Conclusion: Plank exercise increases the thickness of the external oblique muscle and reduces disability secondary to mild CLBP. Therefore, plank exercise is needed to improve lumbar stability and functional activity in patients with mild CLBP.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wall squat exercise according to the difference in the support surface on the thickness change of external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominalis of the trunk muscles and the change in distance of center of pressure when the eyes are opened and closed. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The subjects were 26 healthy adults, 18 males and 8 females. The composition of each group using the single-blind method was 13 people in the unstable side wall squat exercise group and 13 people in the stable side wall squat exercise group. Experimental measurements were divided into before, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks after the experiment, and changes in muscle thickness and balance were confirmed. Muscle thickness was measured using ultrasinic, and static balance change was measured using Bio-rescue. Results: There were significant differences in the thickness changes of external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominalis according to the wall squat exercise method by period and in the interaction between the period and the group (p<0.05). As a result of the post-hoc analysis, there was a significant difference in the change between the two groups in external oblique muscle after 6 weeks. And there was a significant difference in the distance of the pressure center between eyes open and closed eyes (p<0.05). Conclusion: In terms of instability, wall squat exercise was positive for changes in trunk muscle thickness. It suggests the possibility of using it for trunk muscle strengthening training in the future.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the changes in soft tissue thickness of the masseteric region after injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). Methods: Twenty-four data acquired from medical records were classified into 4 groups: bruxer group that received masseter muscle injection only (M-B), bruxer group that received both masseter and temporalis muscle injections (MT-B), non-bruxer group that received masseter muscle injection only (M-NB) and non-bruxer group that received both masseter and temporalis muscle injections (MT-NB). Injection dose of BTX-A was 30 units for each masseter muscle and 20 units for each temporalis muscle. We measured the reduced thickness of the masseteric region before and after 12 weeks after injection using cone-beam computed tomography. Results: Among the patients that received both masseter and temporalis muscle injections, bruxer group showed a tendency to have more reduction in masseter muscle thickness than non-bruxer group. The difference in reduced thickness between M-B and MT-B tended to show greater than the difference between M-NB and MT-NB. Conclusions: In case of masseter hypertrothy patients with bruxism there was a tendency to show a difference in reduced thickness of soft tissue between the group that received both masseter and temporalis muscles injection and the group that received masseter muscle injection only hence a thorough inspection before the injection of BTX-A is condisered to be needed.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2018

본 연구는 토트백이 젊은 여성의 작은가슴근 두께와 위등세모근의 긴장도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 확인하였다. 습관적으로 토트백을 들고 다니는 27명의 여성이 본 연구에 동원되었다. 대상자들은 대상자들의 체중의 0 %, 5 %, 7.5%, 10 % 무게에 해당하는 토트백을 한쪽 손목으로 들고 있는 동안 작은가슴근의 두께와 위등세모근의 긴장도를 측정하였다. 가방의 무게가 증가할수록 위등세모근의 긴장도는 유의하게 증가되었으며(p<.05), 작은가슴근의 두께 역시 가방 무게에 따라 유의하게 증가되는 것을 확인하였다(p<.05). 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 손목으로 토트백을 드는 습관이 젊은 여성의 위등세모근과 작은가슴근에 해로운 영향을 끼칠 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로, 본 연구는 토트백 즐겨 사용하는 여성들에게 가능하다면 토트백 무게를 감소시킬 것을 제안한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2016

Purpose: This study intended to mediate shoulder exercise using grasping and investigate examine how its effects on affects activities of the shoulder surrounding muscles of the shoulder and thickness of shoulder muscle to suggest effective exercise for patients with rotator cuff repair to return to daily life. Methods: This study has been done targeteding male patients more than 6 weeks after having En-masse Suture Bridge Technique as rotator cuff repair of the right shoulder, aged 40 to 55 in a medical institution located in Jeollanam-do. Experimental group I (n=15) was selected for a conducting common exercise therapy program and Experimental group II (n=15) was selected for an conducting exercise therapy program using grasping. %RVC was measured by surface electromyography and muscle thickness was measured by ultrasound before mediation to for analysisze of before and after results within group and between groups. Results: In comparison of change of %RVC, Tthere were meaningful differences in only posterior deltoid and infraspinatus in comparing a change of %RVC within experimental group I (p<0.001),. and Tthere were meaningful differences in both supraspinatus and infraspinatus in muscle thickness within experimental group I (p<0.001). In comparison of change of %RVC, Tthere were meaningful differences in anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid and infraspinatus in comparing a change of %RVC within experimental group II (p<0.05)(p<0.01) (p<0.001), and there were meaningful differences in both supraspinatus and infraspinatus in muscle thickness within experimental group II (p<0.001). In comparison of change of %RVC between groups, Tthere was a meaningful difference in only posterior deltoid in comparing a change of %RVC between groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: We found that exercise therapy using grasping has a positive effect on shoulder stability muscles such as supraspinatus muscle and infraspinatus muscle and activity of deltoid muscle.