• 약학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2000

Biodegradable microspheres made from poly-lactide-co-glycolide polymers have been considered as a new delivery system for single-dose vaccine. Purified tetanus toxoid (TT) was encapsulated in poly-lactide(PLA) and poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microparticles using a solvent evaporation method in a multiple emulsion system (water-in oil-in water). The morphology of 77-loaded microparticles was spherical and the suface of them was smooth. The particle size was in a range of 2-10. Protein loading efficiency was 68-97.8%. PLGA (85:15) microparticle showed the highest efficiency. Protein release pattern was influenced by polymer molecular weight and composition. The release rate of PLA(Mw 100,000) microsphere was higher than any other microspheres. In consequence of the hydrolysis of PLGA(50:50) microspheres, environmental pH decreased from 7.4 to 5.0. The PLA, PLGA (75:25) and PLGA (85:15) microshperes showed no significant pH change. The antigenicity or n in microshperes was assayed by indirect sandwich ELISA using equine polyclonal tetanus antitoxin for capture antibody and human polyclonal tetanus antitoxin for primary antibody. The antigenicity of TT in PLA (Mw 100,000), PLGA(50:50, Mw 100,000) and PLGA (75:25, Mw 73,300) after 30 days incubation showed 54, 40.9 and 76.7%, respectively.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2019

회전-고정자 혼합기 내의 난류 유동은 고속으로 회전하는 회전자와 고정자의 상호작용에 의해 발생되는 전단특성을 기반으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 유화연료 관련 회전-고정자 혼합기 시제품 모델에서 회전자와 고정자간의 상호작용에 의한 비정상상태 유동 특성 분석을 ANSYS FLUENT $k-{\varepsilon}$ (RKE) 난류 모델을 MRF 및 SMM에 적용하여 수행하였다. 회전자와 고정자의 경계에서 발생하는 유동 입자들의 거동과 전단 특성 그리고 설계 파라미터에 따른 속도분포와 난류와류소산 등의 경향을 전산유체역학 해석을 통해 예측 비교하여 모델의 효율성을 검증하였다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1990

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M/S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill $\varphi{70mm}$ on the calcalious sand stone(sort-moderate-semi hard Rock). The total numbers of feet blast were 88. Scale distance were induces 15.52-60.32. It was applied to propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows. Propagtion Law in Blasting Vibration $V=K(\frac{D}{W^b})^n$ where V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites (m) W : Maximum Charge per delay-period of eighit milliseconds or more(Kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on th Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents Where the quantity $D/W^b$ is known as the Scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagrorized in three graups. Cabic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge per delay Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom and over loom distance because the frequency is verified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30m----under l00m----- $V=41(D/3\sqrt{W})^{-1.41}$ -----A Over l00m-----$V= 121(D/3\sqrt{W})^{-1.66}$-----B K value on the above equation has to be more specified for furthur understang about the effect of explosives, Rock strength. And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.

• 기술사
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1991

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M/S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill ø70mm on the calcalious sand stone (soft-moderate-semi hard Rock). The total numbers of fire blast were 88 round. Scale distance were induces 15.52-60.32. It was applied to propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows. Propagation Law in Blasting Vibration (Equation omitted) where V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites(m) W : Maximum Charge per delay-period of eighit milliseconds o. more(kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on the Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents Where the quantity D / W$^n$ is known as the Scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagrorized in three graups. Cubic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge per delay Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom and over 100m distance because the frequency is verified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30 ‥‥‥under 100m ‥‥‥V=41(D/$^3$√W)$\^$-1.41/ ‥‥‥A Over 100 ‥‥‥‥under 100m ‥‥‥V=121(D/$^3$√W)$\^$-1.56/ ‥‥‥B K value on the above equation has to be more specified for furthur understang about the effect of explosives, Rock strength. And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.83-86
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• 2004

저자들은 모유 수유를 하고 알레르기의 기왕력과 가족력이 없는 4개월 된 영아에서 계란 흰자의 피부 접촉 후 아나필락시스 쇽이 발생한 증례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 향후 이 환아는 계란에 대한 엄격한 회피 요법과 함께 안전한 예방 접종 스케줄에 대한 관리, 아토피나 천식, 알레르기성 비염 등의 발생에 대한 감시가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2000

The beneficial aspects of applying emulsion fuels to combustion systems may be due to the changes of fuel properties which lead to the enhanced atomization characteristics. The spray characteristics of water/oil emulsified fuel injected from the pressure-swirl(simplex) atomizer using for oil burner were investigated. Four different water contents from 10 to 40 % by volume at 10% increment were prepared by mixing with the different contents of surfactants. Total amount of surfactant used was varied from 1 to 3 % by volume. This study demonstrates the influence of water and surfactant contents of emulsified fuel, injection pressure on the spray characteristics, i.e. Sauter mean diameter(SMD) and spray angle. The drop size distribution of the emulsified fuel spray was measured with a Malvem particle sizer. In order to measure the spray angle, the digital image processing was employed by capturing multiple images of the spray with 3-CCD digital video camera. It was evident that the addition of water and surfactant changes fuel properties which are the key parameters influencing the atomization of the spray. The increase in surfactant content results in the decrease of SMD and the increase in spray angle. The droplets decease with increase in injection pressure, but the influence of injection pressure in this experimental condition was less important than expected. The more viscous fuel with the increase of water content exhibits the larger droplets in the centerline of the spray, and the less viscous fuel in the outer edges of the spray. The increase in axial position from the nozzle causes the spray angle to decrease. The spray angle decreases with increase in water content. This is due to increase in viscosity with increase in water content.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to improve not only wet-end performances but also paper characteristics by the modification of various factors like molecular design and ionic characteristics of polyacrylamides First of all physical characteristics were observed after modify molecular design of the cationic polyacrylamides to linear, branched and cross-linked. In addition it was found analysis method to confirm branch degree of cationic polyacrylamides to combine ionic titration characteristics and spectroscopic behavior, After application of these structure modified polyacrylamides to the multiple retention systems with inorganic microparticles, it was found adjusting of branch degree of polyacrylamides was very important to optimize wet-end improvement. Second, After polymerization of amphoteric polyacrylamide to have both of cationic and anionic functional group in the polymer, we observed not only physical characteristics but also wet-end improvement to apply recycled pulp and found that the improvement of solution stability to prevent hydrolysis and increase of ash retention dramatically to compare traditional cationic polyacrylamide retention aid, Finally, After polymerization of anionic polyacrylamide, we observed not only wet-end improvement but also paper characteristics to apply preflocculation of PCC and it was found the improvements of flocculation efficiency, retention, ash retention, optical properties of the paper and bursting strength to compare traditional preflocculant of cationic polyacrylamide.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1991

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M /S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill 70mm on the calcalious sand stone (soft-moderate-semi hard Rock) . The total numbers of feet blast were 88. Scale distance were induces 15.52-60.32. It was applied to Propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows .Propagtion Law in Blasting Vibration V=k(D/W/sup b/)/sup n/ where V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites(m) W ; Maximum Charge per delay -period of eight milliseconds or more(Kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on the Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents Where the quantity D/W/sup b/ is known as the Scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagrorized in three groups. Cabic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge delay Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom and over loom distance because the frequency is varified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30m--under 100m----V=41(D/ W)/sup -1.41/-----A Over l00m---------V=121(D/ W)/sup -1.56/-----B K value on the above equation has to be more specified for furthur understand about the effect of explosives. Rock strength, And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2021

A seven-month-old castrated male Chihuahua weighing 1.6 kg presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizure following ingestion of isoniazid. Emergency treatment with three doses of diazepam (total 1.5 mg/kg, intravenous [IV]) and phenobarbital (15 mg/kg IV) was administered. The seizure stopped after administration of propofol (constant rate infusion [CRI]; 0.2 mg/kg/min). Blood analyses showed mildly increased serum blood glucose concentration, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia. On suspicion of isoniazid toxicity, activated charcoal (1 g/kg, orally), lipid emulsion (CRI; 9 mL/hr), and pyridoxine hydrochloride (70 mg/kg IV) were added to the treatment regimen. Twelve hours after presentation, the dog showed increased serum liver enzyme activities, serum blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations indicating hepatic and renal failure. Twenty-two hours after presentation, blood analysis still revealed increased liver enzyme activities, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations with low blood glucose concentration. Twenty-six hours after presentation, the dog's vital signs deteriorated and the owner elected for the dog to be euthanized. This is the first report of the clinical course of isoniazid toxicosis in a dog in South Korea. Furthermore, to our best knowledge, this is the first report where secondary multiple organ failure was observed due to isoniazid toxicosis. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of isoniazid toxicosis in dogs. Rapid initiation of treatment after clinical recognition is warranted in such cases.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.34-64
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• 1989

포장(包裝) 용적(容積) 감소에 따른 수송비(輸送費) 절감(節減) 효과(效果)가 있어 조립시(組立式) 탁자류(卓子類) 가구(家具)의 제작(製作)에 널리 쓰이는 CBA(corner block with anchor bolt) 접합방식(接合方式)은 일정기간(一定期間) 사용(使用)함에 따라 접합부위(接合部位)가 약해지고 그 결과(結果) 구조(構造)가 불안정(不安定)하게 되는 반강접합(半剛接合)(semi-rigid joint) 특유(特有)의 결점(缺點)도 지니고 있다. 따라서 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 CBA 접합(接合) 강도(强度)에 영향하는 주요(主要) 설계(設計) 인자(因子)로서 side rail 규격, corner block의 side rail에의 부착시(時) 보강재(補强材)의 효과(效果) 및 corner block관통 anchor bolt의 사용(使用) 수(數) 그리고 corner block의 형태등(等)의 평가(評價)를 하기 위해 22개(個)의 접합군(接合群) 별(別)로 총(總) 88개(個)의 table section 시험체(試驗體)를 제작(製作)한 후(後)그들의 강성(剛性) 계수(係數)(Z - 값) 및 유효강도(有效强度)를 수평 하중(荷重)에 의한 변형측정(變形測定) 실험(實驗)을 통해 결정(決定)한 후 설계(設計) 인자별(因子別) 효과(效果)를 비교 분석(分析)하였다. 분석결과(分析結果), side rail의 높이 증대(增大) 및 corner block 부착시(時) PVAc 수지(樹脂)의 사용효과(使用效果)가 뚜렷하여 유효강도(有效强度)의 유의적(有意的) 향상(向上)을 나타냈고 anchor bolt의 효과(效果) 역시 2개 사용시(使用時)가 1개 사용시(使用時) 보다 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또 side rail 높이 와 anchor bolt 사용(使用) 수(數)간에는 상호작용(相互作用) 효과(效果)도 있었다. 그러나 side rail의 두께 효과(效果)는 22mm에서 25mm로 증대(增大)시켰을때 뚜렷한 상승 경향(傾向)은 보여주지 못했다. 한편 corner block의 형태는 MDF를 주재료(主材料)로 사용(使用)한 탁자(卓子) 설계시(設計時)는 두께 25mm, 높이 100mm의 side rail에 PVAc 수지(樹脂)로 보강(補强)하고 mitered corner block에 2개(個)의 anchor bolt를 관통시킨 경우가 유효강도(有效强度) 3171.7 kgf-cm로 22개의 접태군(接台群)들 중 최대치(最大値)를 나타냄으로써 miter type이 rectangular type보다 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적(結論的)으로 자재(資材)의 효과적(效果的) 이용(利用)을 통한 생산비(生産費) 절감(節減)과 동시(同時)에 구조(構造)의 안정(安定)된 강도적(强度的) 측면(側面)을 고려할 때, 두께 22mm, 높이 75mm의 MDF side rail에 mitered corner block을 PVAc 수지(樹脂)와 나사못을 이용하여 부착한 후(後) 2개(個)의 anchor bolt를 관통시키는 방법(方法)을 가장 합리적(合理的)인 MDF 사용(使用) 조립시(組立式) 탁자(卓子) 설계(設計) 방안(方案)으로 제시(提示)하는 바이다.