• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1749-1754
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• 2014

The current experiment was designed to evaluate the efficacy of adding the multi-enzyme mixture (Natuzyme) into layers' diets with different levels of energy and available phosphorus in relation to laying performance, egg qualities, blood cholesterol level, microflora and intestinal viscosity. Two hundred and fifty 43-wk-old Hy-Line commercial layers were divided into five groups with five replicates per group (10 birds per replicate) and fed one of five experimental diets. A corn and soybean meal-based control diet was formulated and used as a control diet. Two experimental control diets were formulated to reduce energy and crude protein contents (rE) or energy, crude protein and phosphorus contents (rEP). In addition, Natuzyme was added into either rE (rE-Natu500) or rEP (rEP-Natu500) diet to reach a concentration of 500 mg per kg of diet. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg qualities such as eggshell color or Haugh unit, total cholesterol, relative organ weights and cecal microflora profiles between any dietary treatments. Natu500 supplementation into the rE diet, but not rEP diet significantly increased egg mass and eggshell qualities such as strength and thickness, but it decreased cecal ammonia concentration and intestinal viscosity in laying hens. In conclusion, the present study shows that adding multiple enzyme preparation could improve performance of laying hens fed energy and protein restricted diets.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3731-3735
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• 2015

This study reports the relationship between rollingstock weight and acceleration performance for HEMU-430X, the first electric multiple unit developed in Korea. While maintaining the consumed power, the total train weight was deliberately varied by 2%, by adding and removing weights, and the it was shown that the lighter train was found to have higher acceleration performance and hence better suited for maximum speed tests below the speed of 413km/h. According to the power consumption analysis based on the velocity data collected per 0.1 second, the balanced speed, when the traction force and air resistance become equal, was determined to be 419km/h for HEMU-430X, which is in agreement with tested result. It is expected that the analyses in this study will be utilized for the speed tests in the future.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2022

In general, organizations operating multi-domain networks find it difficult to represent and manage multiple domain net works on a single screen space. Instead, most of them are managed with multiple screens visualizing network topology by domain or partitioning one screen area into multiple domains. We propose an efficient method to visualize the topology using only minimal connection information between domain-agnostic nodes in this work. This method visualizes the topology by utilizing centrality indices representing the influence of nodes in the network. Furthermore, the method dynamically segments the entire node's display area using virtual Root nodes to auto-separate domains and weights of child nodes and placing nodes in 3D space. Thus, although it is a straightforward method, the multi-domain network topology can be visualized with only minimal connection information between nodes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.16-23
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• 2003

In this study, for the application of land resource evaluation using GIS map overlay method, I have considered about the process that can draw out right results from the problems involving multiple hierarchical indicators and weights. The assumption of this research is that there are two processes in the application of analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and the different results will appear. The two processes are as follows; (1) calculate directly the comprehensive weights to the indicators and overlay the layers(Method I) and (2) repeat the process of map overlay and standardization(Method II). The two precesses are applied on the study site based on the envirosystem in Bong-Hwa, and then some differences were found in the results and it was suggested that the Method II is more reasonable.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.603-611
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to analyze the contribution factors (backfat thickness, eye muscle area, carcass weight, marbling score, and feeding period) affecting meat unit price (South-Korean Won / Kg of meat). The best slaughtering age to maximize unit price was also assumed. All data used in this study were acquired from the Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation from 2010 to 2014. Contributions to the estimated unit price of cows by the following factors, backfat thickness, eye muscle area, carcass weights, feeding period, and marbling score were 2.65%, 0.04%, 1.58%, 1.58%, and 95.72%, respectively. Contribution to estimated unit price of steers by the same factors (backfat thickness, eye muscle area, carcass weights, feeding period, and marbling score) were 7.88%, 1.24%, 0.07%, 90.81%, and 95.72%, respectively. Slaughtering ages ranged from 26 to 36 months and the data were separated into each month for an 11 month period. The unit price of meat from Hanwoo slaughtered at 30 months was highest among groups. The lowest unit price was observed in the group belonging to the Hanwoo slaughtered at 36 months. In conclusion, of all contributing factors, marbling score affected unit price the most. Based on our results, it is recommended that the optimal slaughtering age be set at 30 months to maximize unit price. Moreover, the feeding of beef cattle past 30 months of age is not recommended because of the increase in feeding costs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 1994

Fifty-one Thai Native (TN) and Anglo-Nubian (AN) $\times$ TN does were studied. The purpose of the study was to investigate the reproductive performances of different goat genotypes grazing improved pasture with or without supplementary feeding. The feeding regimes were: 1. no concentrate supplement (T1), 2. supplemented for 15 days before mating and 45 days during mating period (T2), 3. supplemented from 15 days before mating to 42 days after kidding (T3) and 4. supplemented for 30 days before kidding, followed by 42 days after kidding. Cross-bred does tended to have higher conception rates, kidding opportunities and higher multiple birth rates than TN does. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05), and concentrate supplementation under the various regimes did not increase reproductive performance. TN kids had significantly (p<0.01) lower birth weights and lower weights at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age than those of the cross-bred kids. However, there was no significant difference between the genotypes in growth rate (g/d or $g/kg^{75}/d$) of kids during these periods. Supplementary feeding did not significantly affect either kid birth weight or weight gain in the first 6 weeks after birth and during this period supplementary adequate in both quantity and quality, substantial reproductive performances were achieved from both TN and AN $\times$ TN does without concentrate supplementation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2007

Means measuring carcass cut traits in live pigs is needed to genetically improve the production of favorite cuts in swine. The data of body measurements as well as carcass traits were collected from 432 heads of 4 crossbred lines. Weights of most parts and percentages of belly and boston in carcass were significantly influenced by days to slaughter. Most of off test body measurements show higher correlations with carcass cut traits than body measurements of on test and market do. The multiple regression equations for estimation of carcass cut traits by off test body measurements have higher accuracy than by body measurements of on test and market. The coefficients of determination in estimation of polynomial regression with off test body measurements after adjustments of carcass cut traits for days to market were ranged 0.59 to 0.68 and 0.33 to 0.43 in weights and percentages of carcass cuts, respectively. Develop- ment of an excellent Korean type seed stock for favorite cuts can be expected, if the estimation of carcass cut traits for live animals is implemented in swine genetic improvement program.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1388-1398
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• 2013

The present study investigated the contribution of carcass traits on carcass prices of Holstein steers in Korea. Phenotypic data consisted of 76,814 slaughtered Holsteins (1 to 6 yrs) from all over Korea. The means for live body weight at slaughter (BWT), chilled carcass weight (CWT), dressing percentage (DP), quantity grade index (QGI), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS), carcass unit price (CUP), and carcass sell prices (CSP) were 729.0 kg, 414.2 kg, 56.79%, 64.42, $75.26cm^2$, 5.77 mm, 1.98, 8,952.80 Korean won/kg and 3,722.80 Thousand Korean won/head. Least squares means were significantly different by various age groups, season of slaughter, marbling scores and yield grades. Pearson's correlation coefficients of CUP with carcass traits ranged from 0.12 to 0.62. Besides, the relationships of carcass traits with CSP were relatively stronger than those with CUP. The multiple regression models for CUP and CSP with carcass traits accounted 39 to 63% of the total variation, respectively. Marbling score had maximum economic effects (partial coefficients) on both prices. In addition, the highest standardized partial coefficients (relative economic weights) for CUP and CSP were calculated to be on MS and CWT by 0.608 and 0.520, respectively. Path analyses showed that MS (0.376) and CWT (0.336) had maximum total effects on CUP and CSP, respectively; whereas BF contributed negatively. Further sub-group (age and season of slaughter) analyses also confirmed the overall outcomes. However, the relative economic weights and total path contributions also varied among the animal sub-groups. This study suggested the significant influences of carcass traits on carcass prices; especially MS and CWT were found to govern the carcass prices of Holstein steers in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2005

Total number of 237 Hanwoos were purchased from the nationwide fanns based on the different market weights and sex. After slaughtering, they were evaluated to estimate the productivity of carcass components by the sex and market weight, and to predict the beef carcass yield grade equation. The main results in this study were summarized as follows; With respect to carcass characteristics, the yield percentages were different(P < 0.01) among sex groups, but were not different among market weight groups. Sex or market weights showed significant effects on the carcass yield grade(YG) factors(BFT, RA, carcass weight(CW). The YG equation from this study could be expressed as a multiple regression y = 64.74 - 0.0198 ${\times}$ CW(kg) - 5.226 $\time$ BFT(cm)+0.1339 $\time$ RA($cm^2$ $R^2$ = 0.52 Among the YG factors, the BFT was the highest contributor to the YG equation. Compared the previous equation reported in 1992 with the equation from this study, the bias values between predicted value and the actual cutability were 9.17 and 2.39, respectively. In conclusion, the equation estimated from this study was more accurate in predicting the cutability than that from the previous equation reported in 1992.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.300-306
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate empirically through a specialist AHP analysis what factors should be more important in the development of the public health care system. In addition, we will use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for experts to achieve research purpose. Methods: The data analysis method of this study is as follows. First, we set up three metrics in order to measure the relative importance between the factors to be improved for the development of the public health care system and each of the sub-factors. A total of nine measurements (items) were set by combining the three measurement criteria for each measurement index. Second, the relative importance and priority analysis use the AHP analysis. Third, the subjects of this study were 15 experts in the field of public health care. The statistical processing was performed using the Expert Choice 2000 statistical program. Results: In order to development of the public health care system, experts ranked the most important as improvement in the systematic aspect of public health care (56%) as the first priority. Next, the relative importance analysis of the measurement items considering the multiple-weights of the sub-factors is as follows. The strengthen institutional improvement (revitalization of secondary public function hospital) was the number one, strengthen cooperation between agencies was the second, and Re-establishing the role of local public health care system was the third place. Conclusions: Considering the relative importance, factors that are considered to be important in the first place may not be improved as the best policy alternative due to limitations in spatial, temporal, financial, and institutional aspects. In this case, we suggest that we should choose the best policy alternative by using prioritization considering relative weights.