• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1987

To determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in fecal E. coli and to investigate possible associations between antibiotic resistance and other plasmid-mediated virulence properties, antibiotic disk susceptibility tests for nine antibiotics were done on 141 strains of E. coli isolated from diarrheal children and well controls. Eighty two percent of the test strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Antibiotics to which the test strains were most resistant in descending order were ampicillin (85%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol (60%), and cephalothin (55%). Seventy nine percent of these resistant strains were resistant to two or more antibiotics. All 141 test strains were sorted into enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroadherent E. coli (EAEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli and the percentages of strains resistant to multiple antibiotics were compared. Among ETEC regardless of its source, multiple drug resistance was more frequent in strains producing heatstable enterotoxin (ST) only than in strains producing only heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) or both. In EAEC, multiple resistance was more frequently associated with strains isolated from diarrheal patients than with those from well controls. The major antibiotic resistance patterns possessed by multiple resistant enteropathogenic strains were $SXT^R$ $AM^R$, $CR^R$, and $SXT^R$ $AM^R$ $CR^R$. Of 28 ST- producing $SXT^R$ ETEC, 26(96%) were also resistant to ampicillin and 17 (61%) were resistant to cephalothin. The similar pattern was observed in EAEC and EPEC as well. This study has important implications for the treatment of E. coli diarrhea with antibiotics because it is possible that dissemination of virulence could occur under the force of selective antibiotic pressure. In addition, this study suggests that the in vivo efficacy of SXT in treating diarrheal illness be reevaluated.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 18650 원통형 NCA 리튬이온 배터리로 구성된 고출력 직렬 배터리로 다양한 C-rate의 전기적 특성을 테스트한다. 테스트를 통해 추출한 14S1P 배터리 팩의 방전 용량 데이터와 4S1P 배터리 팩의 EV cycle 데이터를 통해 C-rate의 변화에 따른 전기적 특성을 분석한다. 분석을 통해 얻은 데이터를 기반으로 C-rate에 따른 방전용량 실험의 셀 간 전압 편차와 EV cycle 실험의 셀 간 전압 편차를 다중선형회귀 모델로 추정하여 선형적인 특징을 가진 데이터와 비선형적인 특징을 가진 데이터에 대한 각각의 추정성능을 검증한다. 모델의 추정성능을 검증하기 위해 추정 데이터와 실제 데이터의 RMSE를 구해 알고리즘의 정확성을 평가한다. 논문의 결과는 14S1P 배터리 팩의 방전 용량의 셀 간 전압 불균형과 4S1P 배터리 팩의 EV cycle의 셀 간 전압 불균형 중 선형적인 데이터인 방전 용량의 셀 간 불균형 데이터의 추정 성능이 더 뛰어난 것을 검증하는데 기여한다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2013

Since the establishment of the national medical licensing examination board in 1992, the medical licensing examination system has changed enormously and this has had a number of impacts on examination services. All those reforms were aimed at improving the relevance and reliability of the test. Several attempts of the testing system have appeared in the new examination service, and which have also brought about the changes in the medical school curriculum such as introducing integrated courses instead of traditional subjects, using test scores as a reference to the post-graduation selection test. Some examples of changes in the examination system are as follows: 1) choosing three integrated test subjects and outlines of their reference content instead of 15 academic subjects, 2) adjusting the ratio of multiple choice question items to focus more on the problem solving level, 3) introduction of 'one-best answer' single set and 'extended matching type items, 4) item construction based on real clinical cases and real clinical materials. Recently, a clinical skill test system has been introduced to measure examinees' basic clinical skills competencies. Despite continuing efforts, the examination system still has many issues remaining to be solved. These problems include the differential weighting of test items, appropriate threshold for passing, and practicality of pre-testing to stabilize the passing rate and avoid the hazards of newness and undesirably difficult test items.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.601-619
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• 2023

In this study, the accuracy of a real-time hybrid test (RTHT) employed for a performance test of a tuned mass damper (TMD) on an offshore wind turbine (OWT) with a complicated jacket-type supporting structure is quantified and evaluated by comparing the RTHT results with the experimental data obtained from a shaking table test (STT), in which a 1/25-scale model for a typical 5-MW OWT controlled by a TMD was tested. In the RTHT, the jacket-type OWT structure was modelled using both multiple-DOF (MDOF) and single-DOF (SDOF) numerical models. When compared with the STT test data, the test results of the RTHT show that while the SDOF model, which requires less control computational time, is able to well predict the peak responses of the nacelle and TMD only, the MDOF model is able to effectively predict both the peak and over-all time-history responses at multiple critical locations of an OWT structure. This also indicates that, depending on the type of structural responses considered, an RTHT with either an SDOF or a MDOF model may be a promising alternative to the STT to assess the effectiveness of a TMD for seismic mitigation in an OWT context.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.643-650
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• 1998

본 연구의 3단계 선다형 평가 문항은 과학적 결과와 그 결과가 나온 과정 또 그러한 과정에 관계된 과학적 개념을 함께 물어 봄으로써 과학적 탐구 사고력을 의미있게 평가할 수 있고 객관식 문항형태이지만 객관식 평가의 단점인 추측의 요인을 주관식 응답에 준하여 거의 제거할 수 있다고 판단된다. 오랜 기간동안 1단계 4지선다형 또는 5지 선다형 시험에 익숙해 있던 학생들은 3단계 선다형 문항에 매우 적용하기 어렵겠고 교사들 또한 문항을 제작하는데 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하겠지만 평가가 학생들의 학습에 미치는 영향을 고려한다면 3단계 선다형 문항의 현장 도입은 절실히 필요하다. 이의 도입은 학생들의 탐구사고력의 신장에 큰 기여를 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 시계열 자료를 베이지안 정보기준을 통해 클러스터링 한다. 보다 안정적인 클러스터를 생산하기 위해 다중 중심점을 모델링한 후 이를 이용하여 클러스터를 생성시킨다. 대상 시계열 자료에 대해 예측할 경우 클러스터에 속한 시계열 자료 중 가장 유사한 시계열 자료를 선택하여 모델링한다. 모델로부터 마코프 규칙을 유도해 내고 이 규칙을 이용해 예측정확도를 측정한다. 시계열 자료를 단독으로 모델링한 후 예측한 결과보다 클러스터에 속한 유사시계열 모델링을 통한 예측정확도가 좀 더 높았음을 확인하였다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2002

In this paper we introduce formulae for estimating the failure rate of a large scaled software by using the Bayesian rule when a black-box random testing which selects an element(test case) at random with equally likely probability, is performed. A program or software can be treated as a mathematical function with a well-defined (input)domain and range. For a large scaled software, their input domains can be partitioned into multiple subdomains and exhaustive testing is not generally practical. Testing is proceeding with selecting a subdomain, and then picking a test case from within the selected subdomain. Whether or not the proportion of selecting one of the subdomains is assumed probability, we developed the formulae either case by using Bayesian rule with gamma distribution as a prior distribution.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1033-1036
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• 2001

The object of this paper is to find out a coolant level, which is economic and similar to the conventional level, high level, in cutting temperature. For this, new coolant level, called a low level, was proposed, which is about 1/4 of conventional level. And the cutting temperature of each coolant level in turning was analyzed using statistical method. Firstly, it was analyzed that the temperature mean of each coolant level is not equal by ANOVA-test. Secondly by Tukey's HSD, one of multiple comparisons, it was analyzed that the temperature mean of low level is similar to that of high level and different from that of none level.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-101
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• 2015

This study investigated the distribution of subject properties in Korean. Based on the previous studies on so-called 'subjecthood diagnostics' in Korean Multiple Subject Constructions (MSCs), the current study investigates how different subject properties are distributed in single subject constructions (Non-MSCs) and MSCs. Focusing on two distinct subject properties - obligatory control (OC) of PRO and coordinated deletion (CD) - an empirical syntactic experiment was designed to test how these two subjecthood diagnostics behave in the Non-MSC and MSC environments. Seventy Korean native speakers were tested over magnitude estimation task, composed of 80 Korean sentences representing different subject properties in single or multiple subject constructions. Overall results showed (i) both OC and CD can be used as subjecthood diagnostic tests in the Non-MSC environments, but (ii) that only OC can be used as a subjecthood diagnostic test in the MSC environments.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.909-922
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• 2014

부등제한 조건 (>,<,=)과 관련된 베이지안 추론에서 다음의 세 가지 주제에 대하여 기존의 연구와 최근의 연구동향 그리고 추후 연구주제에 대하여 살펴보았다 : ⅰ) 모수에 대한 여러 부등제한 조건들의 비교, ⅱ) 모수에 부등제한 조건을 부여하는 것이 타당하다고 할 때 모수의 동등성에 관한 동시 다중 검정, ⅲ) 순서적 범주형 변수에 대한 분할표에서 스코어 모수에 순서적 부등제한 조건을 가정 할 때 스코어 모수의 동등성에 대한 다중 검정.