• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.480-485
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• 2001

Genetic transformation in dandelion(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand). was studied. We used for transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strian LBA4404 harboring a binary vector pBI121 carrying the CaMV 35S promoter-GUS gene fusion used as a reporter gene and NOS promoter-NPTII gene as a positive selection marker. To obtain transformed plants, leaf explants of dandelion were cocultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 for 10 mins, then transferred to MS medium containing 1 $\mu$M IAA, 1$\mu$M BA, 100$\mu$g/ML carbenicillin and 50 $\mu$g/ML kanarmycin sulfate. After two weeks of subculture of the explants, Kanamycin-resistant shoots were formed on explants survived. When subjected to GUS histochemical assay, all of the regenerants showed the GUS-positive responses. Plantlets were be be transformed to soil for further growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.227-231
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• 1994

The experiments were conducted to obtain culture conditions on optimal cultural conditions for propagation of a topical orchid, Haemaria discolor, through shoot tip cultrue in vitro. Survival percentage of shoot tip explant, in initial culture media was higher in H$_3$P$_4$ medium than in Murashige and Skoog's medium. Explants, cultured in H$_3$P$_4$ medium containing 1.0 mg/L kinetin, showed more shoot elongation when compared with those on other media. When the distal part of stem (pseudobulb) was longitudinally sectioned into half and cultured in H3P4 medium containing 0.1 mg/L 2ip, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/L kinetin, shoots from axillary bud were much more elongated under light condition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2006

Plantlet regeneration in Asteracantha longifolia(L.) Nees (Acanthaceae), a medicinal herb has been achieved from seedling explants on basal MS medium. Three different seedling explants including node, internode and leaf segments on used. Of these three explant, leaf explants gave better response for both callus mediated organogenesis and direct multiple shoot induction. Number of explants showing differentiation of shout buds was higher on MS media supplemented with BA compared to kinetin. MS medium fortified with BA ($2.0mgl^{-1}$) and NAA ($0.5mgl^{-1}$) was found to be most suitable for both callus mediated organogenesis and elongation of shouts. The elongated shoots were successfully routed on MS medium fortified with NAA or IBA. Among them $0.1mgl^{-1}$ NAA or $0.2mgl^{-1}$ IBA provides better response for rhizogenesis. Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil where 85.4% or them developed into morphologically normal and fertile plants. RAPD profiling using four decamer primers confirmed the genetic uniformity of the regenerated plantlets and substantiated the efficacy and suitability of this protocol for in vitro propagation of A. longifolia.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

Plants grown in metal-contaminated sites have to be managed and disposed of safely even in phytoremediation because heavy metals can be transferred to other organisms through the food chain, which could result in bioaccumulation in organisms of a higher trophic level. However, if the harvested plants could be used for bioenergy, the ecological risk is reduced and phytoremediation improves economic feasibility. This study researched the effects of EDDS (Ethylenediamine disuccinate) on the heavy metal uptake performance of Brassica campetris and Sorghum biocolor, both of which have potential as bioenergy plants. The results showed that EDDS could increase Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn concentrations in the roots and shoots of both of these plants. Furthermore, EDDS reduced the metal inhibition of the S. bicolor length growth. The translocation factors (TF) of S. bicolor and B. campestris are smaller than one for all five heavy metals tested and decreased by the following order: heavy metal + EDDS > heavy metals only > uncontaminated soil. The results suggest that with regard to plant growth and metal accumulation, S. bicolor treated with EDDS is more suitable than is B. campestris for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with multiple metal species.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1999

The leaf blade-segments of albino tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were cultured on MS media containing different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.4, 2.2, 4.4, 22.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) with or without NAA (0, 0.5, 2.7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). Multiple shoots were induced on the media containing 0.4 to 2.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ BAP. The best condition for multiple shoot induction with root formation was MS media containing 4.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ BAP and 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ NAA. The regenerated albino plants showed a significant reduction in accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The drastic reduction of the pigments content was associated with the distinct alterations in gene expression in the albino plants. firstly, the expression of plastid genes, such as rbcL, psbA, 165 rDNA and 235 rDNA, was reduced at the level of transcripts in the regenerated albino plants. Secondly, the alteration of structure of the plastid genes was not detected in the albino plants. However, the copy number of the plastid genes whose transcription level was reduced greatly was increased approximately two-fold, although the transcriptions of nuclear gene (255 rDNA) showed the wild-type level.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the efficient propagation method of Cyrtomium caryoptideum var. coreanum by sporophyte culture. The influence of origin of explant sources (rhizome, blade, or stipe) and homogenization of culture materials on shoot regeneration were investigated. As a result, only rhizome explant exhibited the organogenic capacity and the shoot regeneration was promoted by homogenization of culture material. Vigorous and excellent growth of multiple shoots was induced on the half-strength of inorganic salts containing MS medium. It was appeared that optimum nitrogen content of shoot regeneration was half-strength of nitrogen containing MS medium (30mM) and optimum sucrose concentration was 1%. Addition of $NaH_2PO_4$ to culture medium generally enhanced shoot multiplication and promoted growth of the regenerants. The organogenic capacity of homogenized rhizomes was especially promoted on medium supplemented with $5{\mu}M$ kinetin plus $5{\mu}M$ IBA. The incorporation of $0.1\sim0.2%$ activated charcoal on medium supplemented with growth regulators prevented the formation of multiple bud primordia - nodule-like bud clusters and improved the normal morphogenesis of sporophytes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

This study was conducted to develop the efficient propagation method of fern Phyllitis scolopendrium using In vitro culture. The influence of the origin of the donor explant sources (rhizome, stipe, three parts of blade) and the homogenization of explants was investigated. Rhizome and stipe explants showed the organogenic capacity among the five explant sources and plant regeneration was promoted by homogenization of culture material. Optimum condition for vigorous and excellent growth of multiple shoots was the half-strength MS medium with 1% sucrose concentration. Generally, addition of $NaH_2PO_4$ to media enhanced shoot multiplication. The highest rate of shoot proliferation was observed on the media containing $5{\mu}M$ NAA. Also, combination of activated charcoal $(0.1{\sim}0.2%)$ and growth regulators to growth medium prevented the formation of multiple bud primordia, 'nodule'-like bud clusters and improved the normal morphogenesis of sporopytes in P. scolopendrium.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2004

In order to develop an efficient micropropagation technique for an endangered species, Stellera rosea N., stem node cultures were conducted on MS medium supplemented with cytokinins. Generally, BA was better than zeatin on shoot proliferation from stem nodes, whereas zeatin showed more effective on shoot elongation. In vitro rooting of shoots was achieved by application of an auxin pre-culturing method. Overall rooting rate was relatively low and differed depending on the culture period. Pre-culturing of shoots for 15 days at 1.0mg/L IBA revealed a slightly better rooting efficiency reaching 30％ rooting rate than NAA. Root induction rate by NAA also varied with concentration of NAA and culture periods. Total 51％ of the rooted plantlets survived on artificial soil mixture and grew normally without any distinct morphological variation. The results suggest that the endangered Stetllera plants are propagated via in vitro culture system, but still need to more study for the improvement of rooting and acclimatization of the plantlets in soil.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 2010

To establish the optimum conditions of in vitro plant regeneration, the leaf, rhizome, and root explants of Belamcanda chinensis were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with different concentration of 2,4-D and BA. The callus induction was more effective in the root explants than the leaf and rhizome explants, and was the best on MS medium containing 3.0 mg/L 2,4-D or 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 3.0 mg/L BA. The highest numbers of shoots were regenerated when callus were cultured on MS medium containing 3.0 mg/L 2,4-D for 4 weeks. However, the multiple shoots were induced on MS medium supplemented with the combination of 2,4-D and BA. The normal root formation from shoot was effective on the MS medium lacking any plant growth regulators. For acclimatization, the regenerated plantlets were cultured on MS medium without sucrose and plant growth regulators for 2 weeks, and then transferred to the pot.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

Agricultural soils surrounding mine areas in South Korea are often contaminated with multiple metals such as Cd, Pb and Zn. It poses potential risks to plants, soil organisms, groundwater, and eventually human health. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in phytoavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn after application with calcined eggshell (CES; 0, 1, 3, and 5% W/W) in an agricultural soil contaminated by mine tailings. The contents of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soils were 8.79, 65.4, 1602, and $692mgkg^{-1}$ (aqua regia dissolution), respectively. The experiments were conducted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) grown under greenhouse conditions during a 30-d period. $NH_4NO_3$ solution was used to examine the mobile fraction of these metals in soil. The application of CES dramatically increased soil pH and inorganic carbon content in soil due to CaO and $CaCO_3$ of CES. The increased soil pH decreased the mobile fraction of Cd, Pb, Zn: from 3.49 to < $0.01mgkg^{-1}$ for Cd, from 79.4 to $1.75mgkg^{-1}$ for Pb, and from 29.6 to $1.13mgkg^{-1}$ for Zn with increasing treatment of CES from 0 to 5%. In contrast, the mobile fraction of Cu was increased from 0.05 to $3.08mgkg^{-1}$, probably due to the formation of soluble $CuCO_3{^0}$ and Cu-organic complex. This changes in the mobile fraction resulted in a diminished uptake of Cd, Pb and Zn by lettuce and an increased uptake of Cu: from 4.19 to < $0.001mgkg^{-1}$ dry weight (DW) for Cd, from 0.78 to < $0.001mgkg^{-1}$ DW for Pb, and from 133 to $50.0mgkg^{-1}$ DW for Zn and conversely, from 3.79 up to $8.21kg^{-1}$ DW for Cu. The increased contents of Cu in lettuce shoots did not exceed the toxic level of $>25mgkg^{-1}$ DW. The mobile contents of these metals in soils showed a strong relationship with their contents in plant roots and shoots. These results showed that CES effectively reduced the phytoavailability of Cd, Pb, and Zn to lettuce but elevated that of Cu in consequence of the changed binding forms of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils. Based on these conclusions, CES can be used as an effective immobilization agent for Cd, Pb and Zn in contaminated soils. However, the CES should be applied in restricted doses due to too high increased pH in soils.