• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

Explants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumifacience GV 3101 strain containing nptII gene and cold regulated gene (BN115) from Brassica napus for transformation. Multiple shoots were obtained from the explants in the selection medium (MS basal medium supplemented with 100 mg/L kanamycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin, 0.1 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L kinetin) after 3 to 4 weeks of co-culture. The putative transgenic shoots were transferred to rooting medium (1/2 MS basal medium supplemented with 100 mg/L kanamycin and 250 mg/L carbenicillin). The selected shoots were tested with PCR analysis using nptll, BN115 primers whether cold-regulated gene was introduced to genome of the plants. The vir G primers were particularly used to check contamination of Agrobacterium during PCR analysis. The nptII and BN115 primers produced the specific PCR bands in the putative transgenic lines but the vir G primers did not. These results confirmed that the PCR products were not the result of contamination with Agrobacterium. Additionally the Southern analysis of the PCR products and RT-PCR analysis proved that the cold-regulated gene was successfully integrated and transcribed in the putative transgenic lettuce plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2008

This study was carried out to induce plant regeneration via multiple shoot formation from sucker explants of Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L. To induce adventitious shoots, the sucker explants were sterilized in 1.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution, and then were cultured on the full and 1/2 MS solid medium supplemented with BA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). After 4 weeks of culture, the highest frequency (83.3%) of shoot formation from sucker explants was obtained from the full MS medium with $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA. The highest shoot number (3.7) per explant was obtained from the full MS medium with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA. After 12 weeks of culture, the number of shoots (15.4) per explant was increased. The highest frequency (95%) of root formation was obtained from the 1/2 MS medium, when the explant with shoot were cultured on the full, 1/2 and 1/4 MS medium. The survival rate of the plantlets after transfer to plastic pots containing sand, soil, and vermiculite (1.1:1, vol.) was 95%. The results indicate that multiple shoot procedure can be applied for an efficient mass propagation of Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 2006

We describe here an efficient in vitro propagation method of Silene acaulis subsp. arctica (Caryophyllaceae), one of the higher arctic angiosperms, through the multiple shoot regeneration after callus induction from the radicle. The seeds of S. acaulis subsp. arctica collected from Svalbard, the Norwegian Arctic, were germinated and calli were induced from the radicle on solid MS media supplemented with 0.25mg/L 2,4-D and 1mg/L $GA_3$ at both $10{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;and\;23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ Two weeks after callus induction, the multiple shoots were efficiently regenerated on the MS media supplemented with 0.25 g/L BA and 0.05mg/L HPh. The total biomass increment of regenerated shoots increased most efficiently of S. acaulis subsp. afctica was showed the maximum efficiency in at $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ on 1/2 MS salt strength. The multiple regenerated plantlets of S. acaulis subsp. arctics were grown to normal plants on soil.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.149-153
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• 2005

In the present study, in vitro multiple shoot induction was achieved from cotyledonary node and stem nodal explants of cv. NARI-6 of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Among various growth regulators tested, MS salts and B5 vitamins supplemented with BA (6-Benzy-laminopurine) $17.76\;{\mu}M$ and KN (Kinetin) $6.96\;{\mu}M$ phytohormonal combination was found to be the most effective in initiating numerous shoot buds after 30 days of culture than BA ($4.44-44.39\;{\mu}M$) or KN ($2.32-46.40\;{\mu}M$) alone in the medium. In addition, 0.8% (w/v) agar (Hi-media) and 3.0% sucrose (w/v) was the optimum level for the formation of adventitious shoots. Further results showed the maximum shoot elongation occurred on MS medium with BA ($8.88\;{\mu}M$) and $GA_3$($11.56\;{\mu}M$) combinations. Efficient rooting occurred on quarter strength MS medium with NAA $10.74\;{\mu}M$. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to the field.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Movie contents requiring multiple shootings in places need much man power and many equipments. It is more serious in the case of multiple simultaneous shootings. In the points of small broadcasting companies, it is more difficult to cope with the situation, but it is also an essential task for the variety of video contents. We propose an one-person movie production scheme based on an IP camera-based live webcasting system which makes multiple shootings in places possible. It consists of three main functions of (1) collecting multiple video streams sent from IP cameras installed in places, (2) properly distributing them to Internet, and (3) receiving and editing them including recording video. By using the proposed scheme, we can be able to remotely utilize a new framework of Single-Person/ Multiple-Camera which beyonds the conventional Single-Person/Single-Camera framework. It becomes possible to take multiple simultaneous shoots in places. We can get an advantage of saving man power and time for producing various movie contents.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.85-89
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• 1999

Somatic embryogendesis is one of good examples of the basic research for plant embryo development as well as an important technique for plant biotechnology. This paper describes the direct somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Panax ginseng is reversely related to normal axis growth of zygotic embryos by the experiment of various chemical treatments. Under the normal growth condition, the apical tips of embryo axis produced an agar-diffusible substance, which suppressed somatic embryo development from cotyledons. Although the cells of zygotic embryos were released from the restraint of embryo axis, various factors were still involved for somatic embryo development. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the ultrastructure of cells of cotyledon epidermis markedly changed before initiation of embryonic cell division, probably indicating reprogramming events into the cells embryogenically determined state. Polar accumulation of endogenous auxin or cell-cell isolation by plasmolysis pre-treatment is the strong inducer for the somatic embryo development. The cells for the process of somatic embryogenesis might be determined by the physiological conditions fo explants and medium compositions. Direct somatic embryos from cotyledons fo ginseng were originated eithrer from single or multiple cells. The different cellular origin of somatic embryos was originated either from single or multiple cell. The different cellular origin of somatic embryos was depended on various developmental stages of cotyledons. Immature meristematic cotyledons produced multiple cell-derived somatic embryos, which developed into multiple embryos. While fully mature cotyledons produced single cell-derived single embryos with independent state. Plasmolysis pretreatment of cotyledons strongly enhanced single cell-derived somatic embryogenesis. Single embryos were converted into normal plantlets with shoot and roots, while multiple embryos were converted into only multiple shoots. GA3 or a chilling treatment was prerequisite for germination and plant conversion. Low concentration of ammonium ion in medium was necessary for balanced growth of root and shoot of plantlets. Therefore, using above procedures, successful plant regeneration of ginseng was accomplished through direct single embryogenesis, which makes it possible to produce genetically transformed ginseng efficently.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2002

Loaves, stems, cotyledons, and roots of Hovenia dulcis Thunb grown in test tube were cultured on media containing different concentrations of single or combined growth regulators. In MS media containing 2mg/ι BA, the shoot formation rate was 95.5% and it was the highest frequency of shoot formation. MS media showed most efficiency in the shoot formation at 0.01mg/ι TDZ for the callus formation, but the color of callus changed to brown at a higher concentration of TDZ. Callus formation was 89.% at 0.5mg/ 2.4-D, but IAA, IBA, and NAA were not effective on the formation of callus. Calli were formed only on wound area when IAA, IBA, and NAA were added into MS media. Combined growth regulators (BA + auxin) were more effective in roots and nodes than leaves and cotyledons on the formation of shoot. More than 97％ of shoot formation was obtained on MS media containing BA and auxin. For the production of multiple shoot, nodes of Hovenia dulcis were used and effect of growth regulators on the formation of multiple shoot was evaluated on MS media. Highest shoots (5.3) of Hovenia dulcis were induced on MS media supplied with 0.1mg/ι BA and 0.1mg/ι NAA, and an average of 6.4 shoots per explant were obtained in 1/2 MS media containing same concentration and growth regulators. An average of 7 shoots per explant after 4 weeks of culture from nodes of Hovenia dulcis was produced on a woody plant medium(WPM) containing 0.1mg/ι BA and 0.1mg/ι NAA. Shoot length was 6.0 cm in average.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.137-147
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• 1994

We have established a high-frequency plant regeneration system via organogenesis from mature seed of Korean lawngrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.). The effects of 2,4-dichiorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 6-furfuryl amino purine (kinetin), $\alpha$-naphthaiene acetic acid (NAA), N6-benzyl amino pu-rine (BAP), and casein hydrolysate (CR) on cailus induction and multiple shoot formation on ex-posure to light were evaluated. Callus produced on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-D and kinetin had high organogenesis potency. A single addition of 1.0 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D significantly induced callus. Also, 1.0 mg L-$^1$ 2,4-D, with the addition of 0.1 mg $L-^1$ kinetin highly enlianced callus induction. The trend of cailus induction was also found on mediurn containing 0.1 mg $L-^1$ BAP with 1.0 mg $L-^1$2,4-D, and 1 g $L-^1$ CR with the addition of 1.0 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D. However, NAA was no effective on callus formation. The growth of root was significantly high in the presence of 0.1 mg $L-^1$ kinetin compared to other concentrations. Over 2 mg $L-^1$ kinetin highly lengthened roots. Fresh weight of plantlet was highest on medium containing 0.1 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D. Also, on medium containing 0.1 mg $L-^1$ BAP, fresh weight of piantlet was highly enhanced. BAP was significantly effective on multiple shoot formation, particularly when 2.0 mg $L-^1$ was added with 0.1 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D. Callus induction and multiple shoot formation were achieved on MS basal medium containing 1.0 g $L-^1$ CH.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop in vitro propagation techniques of new cultivar, 'Greenstar', bred by Highland Agriculture Research Center. The multiple shoot induction and plant growth of in vitro plant were analyzed by MS media concentration (1/2 MS, 1 MS and 2 MS medium), plant growth regulators and its proper concentration; CPPU [Forchlorfenuron(N-(2-chloro-4-pridyl)-3-phenylurea) (0, 0.5, 1.0 and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), thidiazuron [(TDZ), (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), zeatin (0, 0.5, 1.0 and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and BA [6-benzylaminiopurine(BA), (0, 0.5, 1.0 and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)] in MS (3% sugar and 0.8% agar with pH 5.7) media. The highest number of induced shoots, leaves and roots were shown in 1/2 MS medium concentration. On the 1/2 MS medium, shoot numbers, shoot length, leaf numbers and root numbers were 11.0, 1.9 cm, 24.7, and 8.0, respectively. On the absence of CPPU in the 1/2 MS medium, shoot length and root numbers was greater than CPPU treatment, but the highest number of shoots was induced by the $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of CPPU concentration in 1/2MS medium. TDZ, zeatin, and BA treatments were not effective on the induction of multiple shoot in vitro culture. As a result, in vitro culture of new Saxifraga fortunei, 'Greenstar' with $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of CPPU in 1/2 MS medium was most effective for the rapid multiplication.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.33-40
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• 2002

We, Tong Yang Moolsan Co. Ltd. (TYM) set up the mass-production system for virus-free seed garlic via tissue culture technique. TYM's tissue culture technique is called as 'Multiple shoot propagation technique'. This technique can lead mass propagation of genetically homogeneous seed garlic in a short period because of its highly proliferation rate of in vitro shoots ($15^{10}$ /year). TYM researchers applied the technique to some selected garlic cultivars with superior characteristics and carried out field test of productivity in the inside and outside of the country for several years. According to the yearly results of field test with virus-free seed garlic, we ascertained that virus-free seed garlic can produce the highly yield increase (max. above $50\%$) and also can enhance the product quality. Consequently, we estimated that TYM's seed garlic will contribute to farmers with increase of income and can elevate the national position of garlic market in the world for its competitive power of technical and production cost.