• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.23 no.3 s.31
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• pp.345-357
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• 1990

Accumulated data on medical care utilization among the insured in Korea Medical Insurance Corporation can explain the health status of the population. The purpose of this study was to analyze a change of the disease-mix and utilization pattern by controlling the size of the population enrollment. Major findings of the study are as follows : 1. The changes of inpatient disease-mix a. Utilization rate was 139.2% in 1988 against 1980. b. Disease groups higher than the average utilization rate included neoplasms, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders, mental disorders etc. Meanwhile, disease groups seen less often were infections and parasistic diseases, diseases of blood and bloodforming, diseases of the digestive system etc. c. Utilization rate was up 106.3% in 1988 compared to 1985, and diseases above that average level were ill-defined intestinal infections, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, etc. d. The disease-mix by institution in 1988 compared to 1985 shows that chronic disorders rank high in general hospitals whereas opthalmologic, obstetric, and orthopedic diseases rank high in private clinics. 2. The changes of outpatient disease-mix a. Utilization rate was up 175.2% in 1988 compared to 1980. b. Disease groups higher than the average utilization rate included neoplasms, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders, mental disorders etc. And disease groups seen less often were infections and parasistic diseases, diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of the genitourinary system. etc. c. Utilization rate was up 104.0% in 1988 compared to 1985, and diseases above that average level were gastric ulcer, diseases of hard tissues of teeth, etc. And diseases seen below that average level were acute nasopharyngitis(common cold). acute upper respiratory infections of multiple or unspecified sites, etc. It was concluded that medical care utilization level was increased, and that, from 1980 to 1988, disease-mix shifted to the chronic disorders. Chronic disorders accounted for more medical care utilization in general hospitals.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-142
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• 2018

Foreign bodies impacted in the maxillofacial region are often a diagnostic challenge. They can be a source of chronic inflammatory reactions and infections leading to the formation of an orocutaneous fistula. Such orocutaneous fistulas cause significant morbidity in most patients, eventually requiring surgery. Recently, we encountered a very rare case of an orocutaneous fistula caused by multiple foreign bodies in the cheek. Precise removal of the foreign bodies was required, and a double-sided anterolateral thigh free flap was used to reconstruct the defect. Surgeons should be aware of the complications of multiple foreign bodies and should be able to diagnose these on careful clinical examination.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.441-443
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• 2013

Liver abscess following ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting occurs very rarely. We report an unusual case of multiple liver abscesses caused by Staphylococcus capitis in a 50-year-old compromised woman due to a complicating VP shunt infection. We reviewed the nine cases of VP shunt complications reported in the English literature, and speculated that the most likely pathogenetic mechanism in our case is an infected peritoneal tip that migrated to and penetrated the liver, which subsequently caused the formation of multiple liver abscesses. The patient was successfully treated with percutaneous aspiration, drainage of the abscesses, intravenous antibiotics, and shunt revision. Awareness and vigilance of the possibility of liver abscess formation caused by VP shunt infection will help establish an early accurate diagnosis and therapeutic strategy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1025-1029
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• 2014

Cervical carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women around the world, and it is associated with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV genotyping is important for vaccine policy, etiology, natural history, and epidemiology studies. The use of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for HPV genotyping by reverse blot hybridization assays (REBA) has not been clearly confirmed in retrospective studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and efficiency of FFPE tissues from cervical cancers for HPV genotyping. HPV genotypes were detected in 52 FFPE tissues from cervical carcinoma specimens by REBA. HPV was detected in 32 (61.5%) of 52 specimens from FFPE, among which 27 (84.4%) harbored single infections and 5(15.6%) contained multiple infections. The HPV single infections (27) were analyzed by high-risk type 18(8), 58(6), 16(5), 33(1), 35(1), 39(1), 56(1) and low risk type 11(2), 6(1), 70(1). The HPV multiple infections (5) included 16/18(2), 18/52(1), 16/56(1), 16/18/33(1). Please consider being more specific here. Do you mean the analysis? Please clarify what you mean by "included."Through this study, it has been determined that the FFPE specimen is feasible and can be used in HPV genotyping, as well as in retrospective studies.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2011

Background: Tigecycline (TIG), a new broad-spectrum glycylcycline with anti-multidrug-resistant-(MDR)-pathogen activity, was launched in March 2009 in South Korea, but there are insufficient clinical studies on its use in the country. As such, this study was performed to analyze cases of severe MDR-pathogen-caused infections treated with TIG. Methods: Patients treated with TIG within the period from May 2009 to June 2010 were enrolled in this study. Their clinical and microbiologic data were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Twenty-one patients were treated with TIG for complicated skin and soft-tissue infections (cSSTIs) (42.9%), complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) (38.1%), or pneumonia (19.1%) caused by MDR pathogens like carbapenem-resistant $Acinetobacter$ $baumannii$ (76.2%), methicillin-resistant $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$ (61.9%), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing $Escherichia$ $coli$ and $Klebsiella$ $pneumoniae$ (38.1%), and penicillin-resistant $Enterococcus$ species (33.3%). Thirteen patients (61.9%) had successful clinical outcomes while five (23.8%) died within 30 days. The rate of clinical success was highest in cSSTI (77.8%), followed by cIAI (50%) and pneumonia (50%), and the mortality rate was highest in pneumonia (50%), followed by cIAI (25%) and cSSTI (11.1%), Conclusion: Tigecycline therapy can be an option for the treatment of severe MDR-pathogen-caused infections in South Korea, Due to its high risk of failure and mortality, however, prudence is required in its clinical use for the treatment of severe infections like nosocomial pneumonia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1151-1158
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• 2012

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are the major cause of cervical cancer. Hence, HPV genotype detection is a helpful preventive measure to combat cervical cancer. Recently, several HPV detection methods have been developed, each with different sensitivities and specificities. The objective of this study was to compare HPV high risk genotype detection by an electrochemical DNA chip system, a line probe assay (INNO-LiPA) and sequencing of the L1, E1 regions. A total of 361 cervical smears with different cytological findings were subjected to polymerase chain reaction-sequencing and electrochemical DNA chip assessment. Multiple infections were found in 21.9% (79/361) of the specimens, most prevalently in 20-29-year olds while the highest prevalence of HPV infection was found in the 30-39-year age group. The most prevalent genotype was HPV 16 at 28.2% (138/489) followed by HPV 52 at 9.6% (47/489), with the other types occurring at less than 9.0%. The electrochemical DNA chip results were compared with INNO-LiPA and sequencing (E1 and L1 regions) based on random selection of 273 specimens. The results obtained by the three methods were in agreement except for three cases. Direct sequencing detected only one predominant genotype including low risk HPV genotypes. INNO-LiPA identified multiple infections with various specific genotypes including some unclassified-risk genotypes. The electrochemical DNA chip was highly accurate, suitable for detection of single and multiple infections, allowed rapid detection, was less time-consuming and was easier to perform when compared with the other methods. It is concluded that for clinical and epidemiological studies, all genotyping methods are perfectly suitable and provide comparable results.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2008

Objective: The study aimed to provide basic data for enhancing dental hygienists' practice of prevention for infections of dental hygienists by examining what factors there were in their preventing the infections in dental clinics. Method: The subjects of study were 168 dental hygienists who participated in continuing medical education of Incheon & Gyeonggi-do association and Seoul city association in October and November 2005. For the data analysis, an SPSS WIN 13.0 program was used and its significance level was 0.05. In terms of analysis methods, frequency analysis and technical statistics analysis were performed for general characteristics, ANOVA was performed for general traits, practice, medical environments for knowledge and practice analysis, correlation analysis was performed for the relation between knowledge & organization-related factors and practice, Chi-Square Tests were performed for the relation between general traits and educational experiences, T-test was performed for practice and knowledge according to the educational experiences for preventing infections and multiple regression analysis was performed for the factors that affect the practice for preventing infections. Result: knowledge showed statistically significant differences by age (F=4.895, p=0.003) and those with the education experiences in preventing infections had higher scores in practice of prevention for infections than those without them (t=3.315, p=0.001). The correlation between knowledge and practice was significant statistically (p<0.05), the factors related to organization showed significant correlation (p<0.01) and the higher the factors related to organizations, knowledge, education experiences, service career, the higher the practice for prevention of infections was ($R^2=0.32$). Conclusions: In order to enhance the dental hygienists' practice for the prevention of infections, it would be necessary to treat the contents of the infection prevention in educational curriculum at schools and enhance dental hygiene students' knowledge on the prevention of infection and to develop the programs, with which continuous education and PRS could be conducted through in-house education and continuing medical education of the hospital after school graduation and it has been believed that it would be the most important for dental hygienists to make efforts and interest in organizations actively so as to build up safe working environments.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

Staphyloccus aureus is one of the most important pathogens in clinical settings. It is also one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections and the dissemination of multiple drug-resistant strains, mainly methicillin resistant Staphyloccus aureus, and the recent emergence of a vancomycin resistant MRSA is the concern to hospital worldwide. MRSA strains have acquired multiple resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, including aminoglycosides and macrolides. $\beta$-Lactam resistance of methicillin-resistnat Staphyococcus aureus is determined by the function of penicillin binding protein 2'(PBP2') encoded by the methicillin resistance gene mec A. MRSA strains carry methicillin resistance gene mecA, encoded by a mobile genetic element designated staphylococoal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec). MRSA clones are defined by the type of SCCmec element and the genotype of the methicilline-susceptible Staphyococcus aureus chromosome in which the SCCmec element is integrated.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2013

Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and rosacea were complicated by barrier abrogation and deficiency in innate immunity. The first defender of epidermal innate immune response is the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exhibit a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The deficiency of these AMPs in the skin of AD fails to protect our body against virulent pathogen infections. In contrast to AD where there is a suppression of AMPs, rosacea is characterized by overexpression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), the products of which result in chronic epidermal inflammation. In this regard, AMP generation that is controlled by a key ceramide metabolite S1P-dependent mechanism could be considered as alternate therapeutic approaches to treat these skin disorders, i.e., Increased S1P levels strongly stimulated the CAMP expression which elevated the antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogens resulting the improved AD patient skin.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2021

Central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is commonly used in the operating room and intensive care unit to monitor central venous pressure and secure an intravenous route to deliver medications and nutritional support that cannot be safely infused into peripheral veins. However, CVC insertion may be associated with serious complications such as arterial puncture, hematoma, pneumothorax, hemothorax, catheter infections, and thrombosis. Several methods have been recommended to prevent these complications. Here we report a case of massive hemothorax caused by attempts of CVC insertion into the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein in a patient with multiple trauma. CVC placement should be performed or supervised by an experienced physician to decrease the incidence of CVC-related complications. CVC insertion under ultrasound guidance is recommended.