• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.859-864
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• 2003

This paper presents a design for the novel suspension mechanism of a two-wheeled mobile robot having two casters which is used for indoor environment. Although the indoor environment is less rough than the outdoor one, the fixed caster mechanism has some problems such as causing the robot to be immovable because robot's driving wheels do not have contact with the ground. Therefore, we tried installing a spring-damper suspension mechanism to keep driving capability and to remove pitching phenomenon. However, this suspension mechanism also has the problem, which the robot body inclined by disturbances does not return to the initial position. To deal with above problems and to accomplish desired performances, we designed the Multilayered Suspension Mechanism, which has springs and dampers working partially according to the inclined angle and angular velocity of robot body concerned with pitching. To analyze design, the equations of motion describing their dynamics were developed. Using the equations, simulation results show the improved performance. We confirm the usefulness of the Multilayered Suspension Mechanism by construction and test of a actual prototype.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.79-98
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• 2014

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the evaluation of a thermal response test using a precast high-strength concrete (PHC) energy pile and a closed vertical system with W-type ground heat exchangers (GHEs). Field thermal response tests (TRTs) were conducted on a PHC energy pile and on a general vertical GHE installed in a multiple layered soil ground. The equivalent ground thermal conductivity was determined by using the results from TRTs. A simple analytical solution is suggested in this research to derive an equivalent ground thermal conductivity of the multilayered soils for vertically buried GHEs. The PHC energy pile and general vertical system were numerically modeled using a three dimensional finite element method to compare the results with TRTs'. Borehole thermal resistance values were also obtained from the numerical results, and they were compared with various analytical solutions. Additionally, the effect of ground thermal conductivity on the borehole thermal resistance was analyzed.

• 지질공학
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.293-305
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• 2023

지진이 발생할 때 대한 지진동 증폭 현상을 확인하기 위해 1g 진동대와 연성토조(Laminar Shear Box, LSB)를 이용하여 모형지반을 조성하였고, 3가지 모델에 대하여 지진동 증폭현상에 대하여 확인하였다. 3가지의 모형지반을 선정하였으며 모든 모형지반에서 조밀한 층과 느슨한 층으로 나누었고, 지반모형의 경우는 다층 수평지반, 다층 제방지반, 다층 분지지반모형으로 선정하였다. 각 지반모형을 제작하며 가속도계 매설을 진행하였으며, 인공지진파, Sinesweep파와 Sine 10 Hz의 지진파를 통하여 증폭현상을 확인하였다. 최대지반가속도(Peak ground acclelration, PGA)와 응답스펙트럼 가속도(Spectrum acceleration, SA)를 통해 지진동 증폭현상을 확인하였다. 수평 다층지반에서 조밀한 지반을 통과 후 느슨한 지반에서 가속도 증폭이 조밀한 지반에 비해 크게 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 다른 두 모형지반에서는 층의 경계면을 통과 후 점차 중심부에서 가속도 증폭이 더 크게 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1993

In deep excavations for creation of underground spaces, it would be difficult to predict earth pressure, especially multilayered ground including rock strata. The earth pressures and displacements on the retention walls are measured by load cell, strain gauge and inclinometer which were installed at struts or anchors at 4 deep excavation sites in Seoul area. In this paper, the measured earth pressure from the struts or anchors are compared with Peck's empirical values, and the coefficient of the earth pressures for each strata and horizontal wall displacement are investigated. The coefficient of earth pressure distribution, a(0.65zka), in the flexible and the rigid walls was about 74% and 88% of Peck's value respecitively. The measured earth pressure distributions for the 4 sites showed about 70%∼80% of Peck's empirical values and the average earth pressure coefficients based on the measured data were 0.3 for the felted layer, 0.23 for the weathered rock and 0.19 for the weak rock. The maximum w리1 displacements were found to be less 0.2% of excavation depth.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.1065-1073
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 Haar 웨이블릿 기반 MRTD(MultiRes빼lion Time-Domain)를 이용하여 다층 PCB (Printed C Circuit Board)의 전원 공급면내에서 발생할 수 있는 Ground Bounce 문제를 해석하였다. 기존의 FDTD법을 이용한 모델링에서는 PCB 전원 공급연을 구성하는 $V_{cc}$연과 접지면 사이의 좁은 간격을 표현하기 위해 수직 방향으로 매우 작은 셀이 필요하다. 이에 따라 안정 조건(Stability Con며tion)에 의한 시간간격 $\Deltat$가 매우 작아 일정 시간 동안의 응답을 관찰하기 위해 많은 수의 반복 계산(Iteration)을 수행해야 한다. 이러한 문제 에 대해 MRTD를 적용하여 수직 방향 셀 크기를 두 배로 증가시켜 해석함으로써 계산 시간을 현저하게 감 소시킬 수 있다. 또한 MRTD에 의한 결과는 FDTD법에 의한 결과 및 해석적인 해와 매우 잘 일치한다. 본 논문의 결과는 PCB 상의 EMI/EMC 문제의 해석에 있어 MRTD의 정확성과 효율성을 잘 나타낸다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.171-183
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze urban greenspace area and vegetation structure by land use types for both Chuncheon and Kangleung. Natural and agricultural lands were predominant in the study cites, as 75-80% of total area. Residential lands accounted for about 10%, and commercial and industrial lands(including transportation), 5-10%. Only 10-20% of urban residential and commercial area was covered with greenspace. Woody plant cover was 12-13%, and tree density was 1.5 trees/100$m^2$ for urban lands(all land use types except natural land) in both cities. The tree-age structure was largely characterized by young, growing tree population, and species diversity within a diameter class decreases as the diameter classes get larger. Urban lands of both cities had quite a similar species composition of woody plants (similarity index of 0.65). Street trees in Chuncheon were intensively pruned annually to protect the above ground utility lines. Some strategies were explored to solve problems found in the existing greenspace structures. They included increase of biomass and greenspace area through minimization of unnecessary impervious surfaces, creation of multilayered and multiaged vegetation structures, relocation of above ground utility lines and avoidance of intensive tree pruning, and establishment of greenspace proximity and connectivity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1689-1699
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• 2016

The growth conditions of planted trees, invasion of nuisance herbaceous species, competition between species, and effects of erosion control were monitored over five years in a riparian greenspace in Gapyeong County that was established through multilayered and grouped ecological planting. Of 156 trees planted in the upper and middle layers, 5.8% died. This tree death was attributed to poor drainage or aeration in the rooting zone from the clay-added root ball and too deep planting as well as a small-sized root ball and scanty fine roots. Of all the trees, 21.6% grew poorly due to transplant stress in the first year after planting, but they started to grow vigorously in the third year. This good growth was largely associated with soil improvement before planting, selection of appropriate tree species based on growth ground, and control of dryness and invasive climbing plants through surface mulching and multilayered/grouped planting. Mixed planting of fast-growing species as temporary trees was desirable for accelerating planting effect and increasing planting density. Thinning of fast-growing trees was required in the fifth year after planting to avoid considerable competition with target species. To reduce the invasion of herbaceous and climbing plants that oppress normal growth of planted trees, higher density planting of trees (crown opening of about 15%), woodchip mulching to a 10-cm depth, and edge planting 2 m wide were more effective than lower density planting (crown opening of 70%), no surface mulching, and no edge planting, respectively. This reduction effect was especially great during the first three years after planting. Nuisance herbaceous plants rarely invaded higher density planting with woodchip mulching over the five years. Higher density planting or woodchip mulching also showed much greater erosion control through rainfall interception and buffering than lower density planting with no mulching did. Based on these results, desirable planting and management strategies are suggested to improve the functions of riparian greenspaces.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권9호
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• pp.1790-1795
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• 2009

For GPR(Ground Penetrating Radar) applications, an accurate analysis of the scattered field is necessary to identify the unknown target. Dyadic Green's function of the multilayered medium is developed and applied to analysis of the underground conducting object. We used method of moment(MOM) with dyadic Green's function, and Discrete Complex Image Method(DCIM). To reduce the computational complexity, fast multipole method is introduced and we showed the accuracy of the method comparing with the conventional method of moment. For investigating the underground conducting target, several numerical experiments were accomplished using this method.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 마이크로스트립 전송선로의 유전체 기판(substrate) 내에 삽입된 EGP(Elevated Ground Plane)와 비아를 이용하는 소형의 새로운 포토닉 밴드갭(PBG：Photonic Bandgap) 구조를 제안였하고, 세라믹 기판에 적용된 최적구조를 설계하였다. 해석 결과, 제안된 새로운 PBG 구조는 기존의 평면 PBG 구조에 비해서 크기가 52.5 % 축소되었고 대역폭은 45 % 증가하였다. 그리고 접지면 식각 다층 PBG 구조에 비해서는 크기가 32 % 감소하였고 첨예도(sharpness)가 향상되었으며 차단주파수 이상에서 40 GHz까지 전력손실이 8 dB 이상 개선되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제안된 PBG 구조는 대역 저지 또는 저역통과 여파기로 사용할 수 있으며, 이러한 여파기 특성은 경박 단소화된 마이크로파 대역 집적회로나 모듈 개발에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2020

Purpose: Gafchromic films for proton dosimetry are dependent on linear energy transfers (LETs), resulting in dose underestimation for high LETs. Despite efforts to resolve this problem for single-energy beams, there remains a need to do so for multi-energy beams. Here, a bimolecular reaction model was applied to correct the under-response of spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs). Methods: For depth-dose measurements, a Gafchromic EBT3 film was positioned in water perpendicular to the ground. The gantry was rotated at 15° to avoid disturbances in the beam path. A set of films was exposed to a uniformly scanned 112-MeV pristine proton beam with six different dose intensities, ranging from 0.373 to 4.865 Gy, at a 2-cm depth. Another set of films was irradiated with SOBPs with maximum energies of 110, 150, and 190 MeV having modulation widths of 5.39, 4.27, and 5.34 cm, respectively. The correction function was obtained using 150.8-MeV SOBP data. The LET of the SOBP was then analytically calculated. Finally, the model was validated for a uniform cubic dose distribution and compared with multilayered ionization chamber data. Results: The dose error in the plateau region was within 4% when normalized with the maximum dose. The discrepancy of the range was <1 mm for all measured energies. The highest errors occurred at 70 MeV owing to the steep gradient with the narrowest Bragg peak. Conclusions: With bimolecular model-based correction, an EBT3 film can be used to accurately verify the depth dose of scanned proton beams and could potentially be used to evaluate the depth-dose distribution for patient plans.