• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 2020

Students' engagement is very important for effect science learning. Multidimensional approaches on students' engagement defines engagement in three ways which includes cognitive, behavioral, and cognitive engagement. Based on the multidimensional approaches on students' engagement, this study identified latent groups of elementary students characterized by patterns of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement in science classes. This study also compared students' perceptions of their engagement in general science classes and small-group activities by the latent groups. 377 elementary students were involved in this study. 5-scale Likert survey were used in order to investigate students' engagement in science classes. Latent class analysis using Mplus program identified 3 latent groups of students engagement in science classes: Highly engaged, moderately engaged, and minimally engaged in three ways of engagement. The mean scores of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement were significantly different by three latent groups. In addition, there were significant difference in students perceptions on participating experiments activities and carefully listening of teacher among latent groups. However, there was no significant difference in students' perceptions on their actions during small-group activities. Educational implications were discussed.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2020

The goal of this research was to understand the patterns of multidimensional engagement in MOOCs. An email with an online survey link was sent to enrollees in an MOOC course. The survey included 35 questions asking about engagement, teaching presence, and learning persistence. The items were validated in the literature, revised for the MOOC setting, reviewed by four professionals in the field of educational technology, and used in the study. A heterogeneous group of 170 individuals gathered through convenience sampling participated in the study. With cluster analysis of the engagement data, three groups were identified: Cluster1, 2, and 3. Cluster 1 scored high on behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. Cluster 2 scored high on behavioral aspects but low on emotional and cognitive engagement. Cluster 3 scored low on behavioral and cognitive engagement but high on emotional aspects. The study addressed cluster-specific learner characteristics and differences in perceived teaching presence and learning persistence. Design strategies pertaining to each cluster were further discussed. These strategies may guide instructors and practitioners in the design and management of MOOCs and should be further validated through future studies.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.99-116
• /
• 2015

Purpose One of the main characteristics of Social Network Service(SNS) is that users in an open space makes posts through voluntary participation and sharing among them. This makes SNS a very attractive channel to companies that need to send their messages to consumers. As a matter of fact, there are many companies doing marketing activities through a platform of Fan Page as a space for corporations and consumers to act together. This study defines the values and types of companies' advertising posts on Facebook, empirically analyzes the results of them, and investigates factors that could enhance the customer engagement. Design/methodology/approach A research model was built to demonstrate which values and types of posts were combined by corporations' posts on Facebook and create their messages and which of those combinations would lead to high results of customer engagement. Findings The results show differences in the values of posts between the group of high customer engagement and the other group on Facebook. This study makes its contribution by conducting elaborate analysis of posts on Facebook and thus proposing marketing strategies that companies, which had difficulties with systematic marketing activities due to cost limitations, could use on Facebook.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.583-599
• /
• 2022

This study aims to clarify the implications of rapidly growing live commerce in China by examining the multifaceted aspects of social presence, in particular to help small commerce operators and platform companies. It examines the effect of cognitive and affective social presence on consumer engagement by evaluating consumption values and trust in streamers. In this survey study, the responses of 221 individuals residing in large cities of China were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that cognitive social presence had a positive effect on consumer engagement by mediating the utilitarian value and trust in streamers. Furthermore, affective social presence had a positive effect on consumer engagement through the hedonic value and trust in streamers. Thus, our research provides a new perspective to approaching a multidimensional social presence and understanding consumer behavior in live commerce. Moreover, it contributes to the application and expansion of social presence theory in this field.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.485-503
• /
• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 학업수행과 성취결과에 주요한 예측변인 중 하나인 학업참여(academic engagement)를 측정하는 UWES-S(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student)(Schaufeli et al., 2002a; 2002b) 척도를 타당화 하고, 학업참여와 학업동기 및 학업 만족도 간의 구조적인 관계를 파악하는 것이다. 본 연구의 타당화 표본은 우리나라 대학생들로써, 예비검사 285명, 본검사 366명으로 구성되었고, 그 절차는 다음과 같다. 첫째, UWES-S의 17개 문항에 대한 기술통계치 검토 및 척도의 요인구조 탐색을 위한 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 둘째, 문항의 심리측정학적 특성을 검토하기 위하여 등급반응모형에 기반한 문항 특성치를 추정하였다. 셋째, 척도의 내적타당도를 검증하기 위해 확인적 요인분석이 실시되었으며, 외적 타당도 확보를 위해서는 학업동기 및 학업만족 변인을 포함한 구조방정식 모형이 활용되었다. 이에 따른 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비검사의 자료를 활용한 기술통계치 검토 및 탐색적 요인분석 결과 3요인 구조가 지지되었으며, 4개의 문항이 제거된 최종 13개 문항이 제안되었다. 둘째, 등급반응모형에 의해서 추정된 문항 특성치들을 검토한 결과, 최종 문항의 양호도는 수용 가능한 수준이었고, 또한 학업참여 척도의 3요인 모형(열정, 헌신, 몰두)은 자료에 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 외적타당도 검증 결과, 학업참여는 학업동기와 학업만족을 부분매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 타당화 된 대학생용 UWES-S와 기존에 타당화 된 고등학생용 UWES-S(추헌택, 손원숙, 2011)와의 차이점을 논의하고, 표본별 학업참여 구인의 동등성 검증의 필요성 및 추후 척도 타당화 연구를 위한 제언을 포함하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.11-27
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 학생들의 생산적인 과학 참여에 영향을 미치는 과학공감의 역할을 조사하고, 해당 과정에서 나타나는 과학공감의 주요 요소를 분석하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 초등학교 5학년 학생 12명이 본 연구에 참여하였고, 일반공감 능력을 기준으로 세 집단으로 나누어 디자인적 사고 과정을 적용한 생산적 과학 참여 수업을 진행하였다. 문제 해결의 다섯 단계 중 아이디어 생성과 프로토타입에서 소집단의 발화를 분석하여 과학공감과 과학실천 측면에서 관찰하였다. 분석결과, 디자인적 사고 과정을 효과적으로 적용한 과학 공감은 학생들의 생산적 과학 참여를 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 세 집단의 과학공감 및 과학실천의 평균 발화 빈도가 아이디어 생성 단계에서는 증가한 후 감소하는 경향이 나타났으며, 프로토타입 단계에서는 후반부에 오히려 발화 빈도가 증가했다. 그러나 일반공감 능력이 낮은 소집단은 프로토타입 단계에서 협력적 의사소통의 결여로 과학공감과 과학실천의 발화 빈도가 감소하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 뿐만 아니라, 학습자들은 생산적인 과학 참여 상황에서 5가지 주요 과학공감 구성요소가 모두 발화로 드러났다. 높은 일반공감 능력 집단에서는 타인과의 과학공감 요소인 공감적 이해와 공감적 걱정이 높은 빈도로 나타났으나, 낮은 일반공감 능력 집단에서는 연구대상과의 과학공감 요소인 민감성, 과학적 상상, 상황적 관심이 상대적으로 더 높은 빈도로 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 과학 수업에서 타인뿐만 아니라 연구대상과의 과학적으로 공감하는 경험이, 일반적인 공감 능력과는 별개의 중요한 특성으로 학생들의 생산적 과학 활동을 다양한 참여를 유발하며 이를 지속하게 할 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 과학공감이 학생들의 생산적 과학 참여에 다양한 방향으로 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하여, 과학 수업에서 과학공감의 이론적 구조와 안정성에 대한 논의에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제33권5호통권112호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2005

This study describes the recognition and the application of materials corresponding to the formative language of landscape design as the formative process of creating connote forms and meanings in a space. The purpose of this study is to propose the significance of materiality not only for conveying the meaning of landscape but also for providing expanded experience through synesthetic perception. The study consists of two parts: (1) The concept of materiality in landscape architecture is studied in three categories, which are divided in chronological order when the recognition of materials was changed. (2) Based on this exploration of the concept of materiality and the ways of expressing it that have developed from landscape arts to landscape architecture, the significance of materiality as the medium of contemporary landscape design is proposed. Breaking from previous technical and engineering approaches to materials and from a vision-centered recognition of materials, this study focuses on aesthetic and semantic aspects of materiality and is based on multidimensional recognition though synesthesia. Materiality has significance not only as the dynamic medium that carries the meaning of landscape by providing connections with the surrounding environmental context, but also as the engagement medium that expands observers' experiences with the environment through synesthesia. The study of materiality as the medium of landscape design would contribute to expanding the scope of the language of landscape design and to expressing the meaning of landscape through materiality being revealed on the basis of converted recognition of materials.

• 융합정보논문지
• /
• 제10권11호
• /
• pp.64-76
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 '직무요구-자원 모형'(Job Demands-Resources model, 이하 JD-R모형)에 기반을 두어 기혼여성근로자의 '일-가정 갈등'(Work-Family Conflict, 이하 WFC)과 '리더-구성원 교환관계'(Leader-Member Exchange, 이하 LMX)의 질이 직무만족 간에 관계에서 직무스트레스와 직무열의의 매개효과를 실증 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석 자료는 여성가족패널데이터 7차 자료를 활용하여 총 945명을 대상으로 하고 spss 23.0과 AMOS 21.0을 사용하여 각 변수의 인과관계와 매개효과 검증을 위하여 구조방정식 모형을 활용하였다. 연구 결과로 기혼여성근로자의 WFC는 직무만족에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었으며 WFC는 직무스트레스를 통해서 직무만족에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. LMX의 질은 직무만족에 긍정적인 영향을 주고 직무스트레스를 줄어주어 직무만족에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 직무열의는 리더와 구성원의 교환관계의 질과 직무만족 간의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 기혼여성 근로자의 직무요구와 직무자원이 직무성과를 이끌어 내는 다차원적인 심리적·맥락적 요인에 대한 탐색이 이루어진 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.97-115
• /
• 2022

What is the relationship between city diplomacy and public diplomacy in the United States? Whilst this question is often raised among scholars and practitioners of public diplomacy, a concrete and systematic response to it seems difficult to locate. This paper addresses the question by relying on earlier research based on empirical analysis of data from semi-structured interviews with city officials with international purview in the United States as well as with current and former officials at the U.S. Department of State who have worked on topics related to city diplomacy. The research and analysis that informs this paper and the diagrams it offers are hinged on design principles and adopt an architecture studio style approach to data analysis. Further, multidimensional scaling and correspondence analysis are used to visualize the convergence and divergence between the functions of public diplomacy, as introduced by Nicholas Cull, and the functions of city diplomacy that this paper introduces. This is done to first, provide a framework for understanding the dynamics between city diplomacy and public diplomacy; and second, uncover the policy intervention space that could guide policies for making U.S. city diplomacy and public diplomacy more strategically aligned.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.211-221
• /
• 2024

What is the aim of mathematics education? Current aims of mathematics education often lack the multidimensionality needed to account for a successful experience in mathematics. In this short paper, we argue for a multidimensional aim of mathematics education via the construct of flourishing. Flourishing is derived from the notion of eudaimonia, which broadly refers to achieving the "highest good," or living a well-lived life. Building on prior research, we operationalize flourishing as an aggregate of several positive affective, behavioral, cognitive, and social traits, all of which contribute to students' propensities to achieve the "highest good" in mathematics. In particular, we propose five traits which contribute to students' propensities to achieve the "highest good" (i.e., flourish) in mathematics: (1) positive emotions toward mathematics; (2) engagement in mathematics; (3) community in mathematics; (4) meaning in mathematics; (5) perceived competence in mathematics. Thus, we argue that one productive aim of mathematics education is to support students in fulfilling each of these traits, which ultimately leads to flourishing in mathematics. To supplement our theoretical stance, we offer suggestions for measuring flourishing as an aim. We close this short paper by describing the implications that such an aim might suggest for pedagogy, policy, and research.