• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.78.2-78.2
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• 2014

MIRIS (Multi-purpose Infrared Imaging System) is the primary payload on the Korean science and technology satellite, STSAT-3, which was launched on 2013 November 21. It is designed to observe the near-infrared sky with a $3.67^{\circ}{\times}3.67^{\circ}$ field of view and a $51.6^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\times}51.6^{{\prime}{\prime}}$ pixel resolution. Using two narrow-band filters at $1.88{\mu}m$ (Pa ${\alpha}$ line) and $1.84+1.92{\mu}m$ (Pa ${\alpha}$ dual continuum), the Paschen ${\alpha}$ Galactic plane survey has been carrying out, and the area for the Galactic longitude from $+280^{\circ}$ to $+100^{\circ}$ (with the width of $-3^{\circ}$ < b < $+3^{\circ}$) has been covered by 2014 August 31. In this contribution, we present the preliminary results of the MIRIS Paschen ${\alpha}$ emission maps and compare them with other wavelength maps such as $H{\alpha}$ and dust maps. Many of the Paschen ${\alpha}$ features have been detected along the plane, and some of them are weak or invisible in the $H{\alpha}$ map and coincide well with dense cloud regions.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.65-65
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• 2011

Early-type galaxies represent the end point of galaxy evolution and, despite pervasive residual star formation, are generally considered "red and dead", that is composed exclusively of old stars with no star formation. Here, their molecular gas content is constrained and discussed in relation to their evolution, supporting the continuing importance of minor mergers and/or cold gas accretion. First, as part of the Atlas3D survey, the first complete, large, volume-limited survey of CO in normal early-type galaxies is presented. At least of 23% of local early-types possess a substantial amount of molecular gas, the necessary ingredient for star formation, independent of mass and environment but dependent on the specific stellar angular momentum. Second, using CO synthesis imaging, the extent of the molecular gas is constrained and a variety of morphologies is revealed. The kinematics of the molecular gas and stars are often misaligned, implying an external gas origin in over a third of all systems, more than half in the field, while external gas accretion must be shot down in clusters. Third, many objects appear to be in the process of forming regular kpc-size decoupled disks, and a star formation sequence can be sketched by piecing together multi-wavelength information on the molecular gas, current star formation, and young stars. Fourth, early-type galaxies do not seem to systematically obey all our usual prejudices regarding star formation (e.g. Schmidt-Kennicutt law, far infrared-radio continuum correlation), suggesting a greater diversity in star formation processes than observed in disk galaxies and the possibility of "morphological quenching". Lastly, a first step toward constraining the physical properties of the molecular gas is taken, by modeling the line ratios of density- and opacity-sensitive molecules in a few objects. Taken together, these observations argue for the continuing importance of (minor) mergers and cold gas accretion in local early-types, and they provide a much greater understanding of the gas cycle in the galaxies harbouring most of the stellar mass. In the future, better dust masses and dust-to-gas mass ratios from Herschel should allow to place entirely independent constraints on the gas supply, while spatially-resolved high-density molecular gas tracers observed with ALMA will probe the interstellar medium and star formation laws locally in a regime entirely different from that normally probed in spiral galaxies.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.36.2-36.2
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• 2018

Cosmic reionization era in the early universe was playing a leading part on making the present universe we know. However, we have not been able to reveal the main contributor to the cosmic reionization to date. Faint quasars have been mentioned as the alternative due to the uncertainty of the faint end slope of the quasars luminosity function. With the availability of the deep (~25mag) images from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Strategic Program survey, we have tried to find more quasar with low luminosity in the ELAIS-N1 field. Faint quasar candidates were selected from several multi-band color cut criteria based on the track of the simulated quasar at z ~ 5. The Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS) and The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) - Deep Extragalactic Survey (DXS) provide J band information which is used to cover the relatively long wavelength range of quasar spectra. To search the reliable candidates with possible Lyman break, medium-band observation was performed by the SED camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse(SQUEAN) in the McDonald observatory and Seoul National University 4k Camera(SNUCAM) in the Maidanak observatory. Photometric redshifts of the observed candidates were estimated from chi-square minimization. Also, we predicted the importance of the faint quasar to the cosmic reionization from the expected number density of the faint quasar.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.47.3-48
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• 2015

We present environmental effects on the galaxy evolution in the Virgo cluster focusing on intracluster medium - interstellar medium (ICM-ISM) interactions and gravitational interactions. We identify signatures of these environmental effects for 21 massive late-type galaxies based on the visual inspection of high resolution HI data from VLA Imaging of Virgo spirals in Atomic gas (VIVA) survey comparing with multi-wavelength data. We classify galaxies into three subgroups showing different environmental effects. First and second groups includes galaxies influenced by ongoing/active and past ram pressure stripping effect, respectively. Third group consists of galaxies undergoing gravitational interactions. Additionally, we define neighbor galaxies for each VIVA galaxies utilizing kinematic data from Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog. Assuming that neighbor galaxies share similar levels of environmental effects with host VIVA galaxies, we investigate environmental effects on galaxy properties in different subgroups using SDSS optical and GALEX ultraviolet photometric data. We find that dwarf neighbor galaxies in first and second groups show rapid quenching of their star formation (SF), while massive counterparts are still in SF activity. On the other hand, most third group galaxies show hints of SF activity regardless of their mass. We conclude that SF and evolution of galaxy in the cluster environment is closely linked to ICM-ISM interactions and dwarf galaxies seem to be more sensitive to this effect compared to massive counterparts.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2010

In this paper, I present the domestic development of near infrared camera systems for the ground telescope and the space satellite. These systems are the first infrared instruments made for astronomical observation in Korea. KASINICS (KASI Near Infrared Camera System) was developed to be installed on the 1.8m telescope of the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO) in Korea. KASINICS is equipped with a $512{\times}512$ InSb array enable L band observations as well as J, H, and Ks bands. The field-of-view of the array is $3.3'{\times}3.3'$ with a resolution of 0.39"/pixel. It employs an Offner relay optical system providing a cold stop to eliminate thermal background emission from the telescope structures. From the test observation, limiting magnitudes are J=17.6, H=17.5, Ks=16.1 and L(narrow)=10.0 mag at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 in an integration time of 100 s. MIRIS (Multi-purpose InfraRed Imaging System) is the main payload of the STSAT-3 in Korea. MIRIS Space Observation Camera (SOC) covers the observation wavelength from $0.9{\mu}m$ to $2.0{\mu}m$ with a wide field of view $3.67^{\circ}{\times}3.67^{\circ}$. The PICNIC HgCdTe detector in a cold box is cooled down below 100K by a micro Stirling cooler of which cooling capacity is 220mW at 77K. MIRIS SOC adopts passive cooling technique to chill the telescope below 200K by pointing to the deep space (3K). The cooling mechanism employs a radiator, a Winston cone baffle, a thermal shield, MLI of 30 layers, and GFRP pipe support in the system. Opto-mechanical analysis was made in order to estimate and compensate possible stresses from the thermal contraction of mounting parts at cryogenic temperatures. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of mechanical structure was also conducted to ensure safety and stability in launching environments and in orbit. MIRIS SOC will mainly perform the Galactic plane survey with narrow band filters (Pa $\alpha$ and Pa $\alpha$ continuum) and CIB (Cosmic Infrared Background) observation with wide band filters (I and H) driven by a cryogenic stepping motor.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.45.1-45.1
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• 2017

Optical variability is one way to probe the nature of the central engine of AGN at smaller linear scales, and previous studies have shown that optical variability of AGN is more prevalent at longer timescales and at shorter wavelengths. To understand the properties and physical mechanism of variability, we are performing the KMTNet Active Nuclei Variability Survey (KANVaS). Especially, we investigated intra-night variability of AGN with KMTNet data which observed COSMOS field during 3 separate nights from 2015 to 2016 in B, V, R, and I bands. Each night was composed of 5, 9, and 11 epochs with 20-30 min cadence. To find AGN in the COSMOS field, we applied multi-wavelength selection methods. Using X-ray, mid-infrared, and radio selection methods, 50-60, 130-220, 20-40 number of AGN are detected, respectively. Achieving photometric uncertainty ~0.01mag by differential photometry, we employed a standard time-series analysis tool to identify variable AGN, chi-square test. Preliminary results indicate that there is no evidence of intra-night optical variability of AGN. It is possible that previous studies discovered intra-night variability used inappropriate photometric error. However, main reason seems that our targets have fainter magnitude (higher photometric error) than that of previous studies. To discover variability of AGN, we will investigate longer timescale variability of AGN.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2019

Galaxy clusters are the largest gravitationally bound structures in the universe and located in the densest peak of the dark matter. They can constraint cosmologicals model from their dark matter halo distribution and they are good laboratories to study how galaxy evolution varies with their environment. Especially, studies of galaxy clusters at $z{\geq}1$ are important because (i) galaxy evolution at z >1 is still controversial (Elbaz et al. 2007; Faloon et al. 2013) and (ii) some studies show that mass of galaxy clusters at z>1 seems to be higher than expected value from the concordance LCDM cosmological model (Kang & Im 2009; Gonzales et al. 2012). In spite of their significance, there have not been many studies of galaxy clusters at $z{\geq}1$ because of the lack of wide and deep multi-wavelength data. We newly found galaxy cluster candidates at 0.2 < z < 1.4 and a LSS spanning over 100Mpc at z~0.9 in the ELAIS-N1 field which is one of the IMS (Infrared Medium-deep Survey; Im et al. 2019, in preparation) fields. Thanks to K-GMT science program, we performed spectroscopic follow-up observation for a z~1 galaxy cluster candidates with GMOS of Gemini North and for z~0.9 supercluster candidates with Hectospec of MMT in 2018A and confirmed the large scale structures. We present the newly discovered galaxy overdensities from the observation and the analysis result.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권2_2호
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• pp.309-323
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• 2020

원격탐사를 이용한 연안 해역의 클로로필 농도 추정은 대부분 다분광 위성 영상 분석을 통해 수행되어 오고 있다. 최근에는 초분광 영상을 활용한 다양한 연구가 시도되고 있으며, 특히 항공기 기반 초분광 영상은 높은 공간 해상도로 좁은 밴드 폭을 가진 수백 개의 밴드로 구성되어 기존의 다분광 위성 영상을 통한 클로로필 추정보다 연안 해역에서 매우 효과적일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 연안 해역의 클로로필 농도 추정을 위해 초분광 및 위성 기반 클로로필 영상을 비교 검증을 수행하였다. 한반도 남해안에서 수행된 현장조사로 획득된 클로로필 농도 자료와 해수 스펙트럼 자료를 분석한 결과, 높은 클로로필 농도를 갖는 해수 스펙트럼은 570 nm와 680 nm 파장대역 부근에서 peak를 보였다. 이러한 스펙트럼 특징을 활용하여 클로로필 농도 추정을 위한 새로운 밴드비(570 / 490 nm)가 제시되었고, 밴드비와 현장 클로로필 농도 간의 회귀 분석을 통해 새로운 클로로필 경험식이 생성되었다. 현장 클로로필 농도와의 검증 결과, R²의 0.70, RMSE와 mean bias가 각각 2.43와 3.46 mg m^-3으로 유효한 결과를 보였다. 새로운 경험식을 초분광 영상과 위성 영상에 적용한 결과, 초분광 클로로필 영상과 현장 클로로필 간의 평균 RMSE는 0.12 mg m^-3로 위성 클로로필 영상에서 보다 더 높은 정확도로 클로로필 농도 추정 가능하였다. 이 결과를 통하여 초분광 영상을 활용하여 보다 높은 정확도로 연안 해역 클로로필 농도의 고해상도 공간 분포 정보 제공이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2008년도 한국우주과학회보 제17권2호
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• pp.27.1-27.1
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• 2008

KASI (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) is developing a compact wide-field survey space telescope system, MIRIS (The Multi-purpose IR Imaging System) to be launched in 2010 as the main payload of the Korea Science and Technology Satellite 3. Through recent System Design Review (SDR) and Preliminary Design Review (PDR), most of the system design concept was reviewed and confirmed. The near IR imaging system adopted short F/2 optics for wide field low resolution observation at wavelength band 0.9~2.0 um minimizing the effect of attitude control system. The mechanical system is composed of a cover, baffle, optics, and detector system using a $256\times256$ Teledyne PICNIC FPA providing a $3.67\times3.67$ degree field of view with a pixel scale of 51.6 arcsec. We designed a support system to minimize heat transfer with Muti-Layer Insulation. The electronics of the MIRIS system is composed of 7 boards including DSP, control, SCIF. Particular attention is being paid to develop mission operation scenario for space observation to minimize IR background radiation from the Earth and Sun. The scientific purpose of MIRIS is to survey the Galactic plane in the emission line of Pa$\alpha$ ($1.88{\mu}m$) and to detect the cosmic infrared background (CIB) radiation. The CIB is being suspected to be originated from the first generation stars of the Universe and we will test this hypothesis by comparing the fluctuations in I (0.9~1.2 um) and H (1.2~2.0 um) bands to search the red shifted Lyman cutoff signature.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.54.1-54.1
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• 2016

Multi-wavelength variability is a staple of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Optical variability probes the nature of the central engine of AGN at smaller linear scales than conventional imaging and spectroscopic techniques. Previous studies have shown that optical variability is more prevalent at longer timescales and at shorter wavelengths. Intra-night variability can be explained through the damped random walk model but small samples and inhomogeneous data have made constraining this model hard. To understand the properties and physical mechanism of intra-night optical variability, we are performing the KMTNet Active Nuclei Variability Survey (KANVaS). Using KMTNet, we aim to study the intra-night variability of ~1000 AGN at a magnitude depth of ~19mag in R band over a total area of ${\sim}24deg^2$ on the sky. Test data in the COSMOS, XMM-LSS, and S82-2 fields was obtained over 4, 6, and 8 nights respectively during 2015, in B, V, R, and I bands. Each night was composed of 5-13 epoch with ~30 min cadence and 80-120 sec exposure times. As a pilot study, we analyzed data in the COSMOS field where we reach a magnitude depth of ~19.5 in R band (at S/N~100) with seeing varying between 1.5-2.0 arcsec. We used the Chandra-COSMOS catalog to identify 166 AGNs among 549 AGNs at B<23. We performed differential photometry between the selected AGN and nearby stars, achieving photometric uncertainty ~0.01mag. We employ various standard time-series analysis tools to identify variable AGN, including the chi-square test. Preliminarily results indicate that intra-night variability is found for ~17%, 17%, 8% and 7% of all X-ray selected AGN in the B, V, R, and I band, respectively. The majority of the identified variable AGN are classified as Type 1 AGN, with only a handful of Type 2 AGN showing evidence for variability. The work done so far confirms there are more variable AGN at shorter wavelengths and that intra-night variability most likely originates in the accretion disk of these objects. We will briefly discuss the quality of the data, challenges we encountered, solutions we employed for this work, and our updated future plans.