• Title/Summary/Keyword: multi-variable functions

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전달손실 최대화를 위한 다층 흡음재-패널 배열 최적설계 (Optimization of Multilayered Foam-panel Sequence for Sound Transmission Loss Maximization)

  • 김용진;이중석;강연준;김윤영
    • 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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    • 제18권12호
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    • pp.1262-1269
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    • 2008
  • Though multilayered foam-panel structures have been widely used to reduce sound transmission in various fields, most of the previous works to design them were conducted by repeated analyses or experiments based on initially given configurations or sequences. Therefore, it was difficult to obtain an optimal sequence of multilayered foam-panel structure yielding superior sound isolation capability. In this work, we propose a new design method to sequence a multi-panel structure lined with a poroelastic material having maximized sound transmission loss. Being formulated as a one-dimensional topology optimization problem fur a given target frequency, the optimal sequencing of panel-poroelastic layers is systematically carried out in an iterative manner. In this method, a panel layer is expressed as a limiting case of a poroelastic layer to facilitate the optimization process. This means that main material properties of a poroelastic material are treated as interpolated functions of design variable. The designed sequences of panel-poroelastic multilayer were shown to be significantly affected by the target frequencies; more panels were obtained at higher target frequency. The sound transmission loss of the system was calculated by the transfer matrix derived from Biot's theory.

디지털 유목민 문화를 위한 현대 패션디자인의 특성 연구 (A Study on the Characteristics of Modern Fashion Design for Digital Nomadic Culture)

  • 김지희
    • 한국의류산업학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to delve into what type of expression mode of fashion design could suit the life style of digital nomads, as the appearance of nomadic life style was concurrent with people's modified way of thinking and sociocultural changes in today's digital society. It's basically meant to define the roles of fashion design, which was discussed as a way of improving the quality of life as a sort of 'culture,' and to suggest some of the right directions for fashion design in the future. The culture of today's digital era is marked by a pursuit of high mobility and high speed, and by nomadic disposition that is built on flexible thinking. The kind of design that lets people carry nomadic things with them and thereby improve their mobility can satisfy their needs for mobility, and body-friendly design that functions as a device of information in itself can meet their needs for mobility as well. The leading example of the latter is a wearable computer, and wearable scientific technology will be taken to another level, thanks to the advance in digital technology. In the future, that will be more accessible to people in general, and subminiature digital equipment will gain popularity in fashion industry as part of textiles and clothing or as an accessory. And specific kinds of design will be widespread, including variable design, multi-functional design and modular design. The first serves as a tool to protect the human body and to facilitate the adaptability of it to the given circumstances, and the second is characterized by a superb physical and psychological protectability. The third lets wearers bring design to completion at their own option, owing to an increase in the number of open-minded people and the development of interactive media. All these types of design could be called a wearer-friendly, human-oriented design that is specifically appropriate for the digital age. Wearers can actively be involved in design process as productive consumers, which is expected to help increase opener practices in fashion design sector.

FNN 및 PNN에 기초한 FPNN의 합성 다층 추론 구조와 알고리즘 (The Hybrid Multi-layer Inference Architectures and Algorithms of FPNN Based on FNN and PNN)

  • 박병준;오성권;김현기
    • 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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    • 제49권7호
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    • pp.378-388
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    • 2000
  • In this paper, we propose Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Networks(FPNN) based on Polynomial Neural Networks(PNN) and Fuzzy Neural Networks(FNN) for model identification of complex and nonlinear systems. The proposed FPNN is generated from the mutually combined structure of both FNN and PNN. The one and the other are considered as the premise part and consequence part of FPNN structure respectively. As the consequence part of FPNN, PNN is based on Group Method of Data Handling(GMDH) method and its structure is similar to Neural Networks. But the structure of PNN is not fixed like in conventional Neural Networks and self-organizing networks that can be generated. FPNN is available effectively for multi-input variables and high-order polynomial according to the combination of FNN with PNN. Accordingly it is possible to consider the nonlinearity characteristics of process and to get better output performance with superb predictive ability. As the premise part of FPNN, FNN uses both the simplified fuzzy inference as fuzzy inference method and error back-propagation algorithm as learning rule. The parameters such as parameters of membership functions, learning rates and momentum coefficients are adjusted using genetic algorithms. And we use two kinds of FNN structure according to the division method of fuzzy space of input variables. One is basic FNN structure and uses fuzzy input space divided by each separated input variable, the other is modified FNN structure and uses fuzzy input space divided by mutually combined input variables. In order to evaluate the performance of proposed models, we use the nonlinear function and traffic route choice process. The results show that the proposed FPNN can produce the model with higher accuracy and more robustness than any other method presented previously. And also performance index related to the approximation and prediction capabilities of model is evaluated and discussed.

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R의 neuralnet을 활용한 신경망분석 (Neural network analysis using neuralnet in R)

  • 백재욱
    • 산업진흥연구
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 다층 퍼셉트론과 지도형 학습알고리즘에 대해 알아보았고, 아울러 neuralnet이라는 패키지를 사용하여 공변수들과 반응변수 간의 함수적 관계를 어떻게 모델링하는지 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서 적용된 알고리즘은 반응변수 값의 실제치와 예측치 간의 비교에 근거한 오차함수의 최소화를 위한 모수인 가중치들의 계속적인 조정을 특징으로 한다. 본 연구에서 설명하는 neuralnet 패키지는 활성화함수와 오차함수를 주어진 상황에 맞게 적절히 선택하고 나머지 매개변수들은 기본값으로 둘 수 있다. 본 연구에서 살펴본 불임 데이터에 대해 neuralnet 패키지를 활용한 결과 4개의 독립변수 중에서 age는 불임에 영향력이 거의 없음을 파악할 수 있었다. 아울러 신경망의 가중치는 -751.6부터 7.25에 이르기까지 다양한 값을 취하며, 첫 번째 은닉층의 절편은 -92.6과 7.25이며, 첫 번째 은닉뉴런으로 가는 공변수 age, parity, induced, spontaneous에 대한 가중치는 각각 3.17, -5.20, -36.82, -751.6임을 파악했다.

Common Fixed Point Theorems of Commuting Mappinggs

  • Park, Wee-Tae
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 1987
  • In this paper, we give several fixed point theorems in a complete metric space for two multi-valued mappings commuting with two single-valued mappings. In fact, our main theorems show the existence of solutions of functional equations f($\chi$)=g($\chi$)$\in$S$\chi$∩T$\chi$ and $\chi$=f($\chi$)=g($\chi$)$\in$S$\chi$∩T$\chi$ under certain conditions. We also answer an open question proposed by Rhoades-Singh-Kulsherestha. Throughout this paper, let (X, d) be a complete metric space. We shall follow the following notations : CL(X) = {A; A is a nonempty closed subset of X}, CB(X)={A; A is a nonempty closed and founded subset of X}, C(X)={A; A is a nonempty compact subset of X}, For each A, B$\in$CL(X) and $\varepsilon$>0, N($\varepsilon$, A) = {$\chi$$\in$X; d($\chi$, ${\alpha}$) < $\varepsilon$ for some ${\alpha}$$\in$A}, E$\sub$A, B/={$\varepsilon$ > 0; A⊂N($\varepsilon$ B) and B⊂N($\varepsilon$, A)}, and (equation omitted). Then H is called the generalized Hausdorff distance function fot CL(X) induced by a metric d and H defined CB(X) is said to be the Hausdorff metric induced by d. D($\chi$, A) will denote the ordinary distance between $\chi$$\in$X and a nonempty subset A of X. Let R$\^$+/ and II$\^$+/ denote the sets of nonnegative real numbers and positive integers, respectively, and G the family of functions ${\Phi}$ from (R$\^$+/)$\^$s/ into R$\^$+/ satisfying the following conditions: (1) ${\Phi}$ is nondecreasing and upper semicontinuous in each coordinate variable, and (2) for each t>0, $\psi$(t)=max{$\psi$(t, 0, 0, t, t), ${\Phi}$(t, t, t, 2t, 0), ${\Phi}$(0, t, 0, 0, t)} $\psi$: R$\^$+/ \longrightarrow R$\^$+/ is a nondecreasing upper semicontinuous function from the right. Before sating and proving our main theorems, we give the following lemmas:

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Development of High Performance LonWorks Based Control Modules for Network-based Induction Motor Control

  • Kim, Jung-Gon;Hong, Won?Pyo;Yun, Byeong-Ju;Kim, Dong-Hwa
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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    • pp.414-420
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    • 2005
  • The ShortStack Micro Server enables any product that contains a microcontroller or microprocessor to quickly and inexpensively become a networked, Internet-accessible device. The ShortStack Micro Server provides a simple way to add LonWorks networking to new or existing smart devices. . It implements the LonTalk protocol and provides the physical interface with the LonWorks communication. The ShortStack host processor can be an 8, 16, or 32-bit microprocessor or microcontrollers. The ShortStack API and driver typically require about 4kbytes of program memory on the host processor and less than 200 bytes of RAM. The interface between host processor and the ShortStack Micro Server may be a Serial Communication Interface (SCI). The LonWorks control module with a high performance is developed, which is composed of the 8 bit PIC Microprocessor for host processor and the smart neuron chip for the ShortStack Micro Server. This intelligent control board is verified as proceeding the various function tests from experimental system with an boost pump and inverter driving systems. It is also confirmed that the developed control module provides stably 0-10VDC linear signal to the input signal of inverter driving system for varying the induction motor speed. Thus, the experimental results show that the fabricating intelligent board carried out very well the various functions in the wide operating ranges of boost pump system. This developed control module expect to apply to industrial fields to require the comparatively exact control and monitoring such as multi-motor driving system with inverter, variable air volume system and the boost pump water supply systems.

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산화 스트레스에 의한 Thioredoxin의 발현과 폐암조직에서의 발현 (Induction of Thioredoxin by Oxidative Stress and Overexpression of Thioredoxin in Lung Cancer Tissue)

  • 이장훈;김형중;안철민;김성규;이원영
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.327-337
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    • 1999
  • 연구배경: 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species)은 발암 기전의 여러 단계 과정에 관여한다. 대부분의 종양 세포주 및 종양 조직내의 종양 세포는 활성산소종을 생성하는 반면 종양 세포의 catalase, Mn- 및 CuZn-SOD등 기존 항산화 단백의 활성도는 대부분 저하되어 있다. 이로 인한 종양 조직내의 지속적인 산화 스트레스는 종양의 국소 침습 및 전이를 촉진한다. 12-kDa thioredoxin은 glutathione 및 glutaredoxin과 함께 세포내 산화-환원 전위를 조절하여 세포 활성, 증식, 분화 및 산화-환원에 의한 아포토시스 조절에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 한편 histiocytic lymphoma 세포 (U937, human)에서 14-kDa 및 10-kDa의 eosinophilic cytotoxic enhancing factor(ECEF)로 정제되었으며 호산구 자극의 생물학적 기능은 10-kDa에서 20배 이상 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 성인 T-세포백혈병, 자궁경부상피세포암 및 간세포암에서 thioredoxin 양이 증가 되어 있고 폐암에서는 thioredoxin mRNA가 증가되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 폐암 조직과 주위 정상 조직을 비교하여 catalase, CuZn-SOD 및 glutathione peroxidase 등 기존 항산화 단백과 thioredoxin 발현 변화를 비교 관찰하고 대식세포에서 산화 스트레스 및 내독소에 의한 thioredoxin 발현 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법: 동일한 환자의 폐암 조직과 주변의 정상 폐 조직을 immunoblot 분석으로 catalase, CuZn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase 및 thioredoxin 발현을 비교 관찰하였으며 대식세포인 mouse monocyte-macrophage 세포 (RAW 264.7)에 5 ${\mu}M$ menadione 및 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ endotoxin을 처치하여 thioredoxin 발현을 관찰하였다. 결 과: Immunoblot 분석상 12-kDa의 thioredoxin 발현은 폐암 조직에서 정상 폐조직과 비교하여 의미있는 증가를 보였으나 catalase 및 CuZn-SOD의 발현은 폐암 조직에서 정상 폐조직과 비교하여 감소하였고 glutathione peroxidase의 발현은 일정 하지 않은 변화를 보였다. 절단형(truncated) thioredoxin 역시 폐암에서 증가하였다. Mouse monocyte-macrophage cells에 5 ${\mu}M$ menadione 및 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ endotoxin을 처치하였을때 thioredoxin 발현은 12시간에 최고로 증가하여 48 시간까지 지속되었다. 결 론: 폐암에서 기존의 항산화 단백과는 달리 12-kDa 및 절단형 thioredoxin 발현이 증가하며 이는 종양 조직내의 지속적인 산화 스트레스와 밀접한 연관이 있다. 특히 절단형 thioredoxin의 생물학적 기능을 고려할 때 절단형 thioredoxin 발현 증가는 종양 세포 증식을 통한 종양 성장에 더욱 의미있는 역할하리라고 생각된다.

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