• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

This study investigated the effects of mulberry leaf extract on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were randomly assigned either to one of two normal diet groups, with (NE group) or without (N group) mulberry extract, or one of four high cholesterol groups containing 1% cholesterol and various levels of dietary mulberry leaf extract. The rats fed high cholesterol diets were subdivided into 4 groups according to level of mulberry extract; Mulberry extract free group (HC group), 0.8% mulberry leaf extract group (HCL group), 1.6% mulberry leaf extract (HCM group) and 3.2% mulberry leaf extract (HCH group). The rats were fed their respective diets ad libitum for 4 weeks. The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of the HC group were higher than mulberry leaf extract supplemented groups. In contrast, the levels of serum HDL-cholesterol in groups supplemented with mulberry leaf extract were significantly lower than that of HC group. Hepatic total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol were significantly higher in the high cholesterol groups compared to those of the normal group, but were lower in the HCL, HCM and HCH groups than in the HC group. HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly decreased in the HC and HCL groups compared to the normal and NE groups. However, the activities in the HCM and HCH group were similar to that of the normal group. The activity of acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) was increased in high cholesterol groups compared to the normal group. However, the activity was lower for all of the high cholesterol groups fed mulberry leaf extracts, and was lowest for the highest supplemented group (HCH), with no significantly difference from the normal group. In conclusion, the reduction in serum and hepatic lipid composition by mulberry leaf extract may be due to its modulation of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activities.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2003

Mathematical constants for multiplication with leaf length (I) or breadth (b) or l ${\times}$ b have been worked out for determining leaf area in promising mulberry genotypes viz., Chinese White, S-146, Chak Majra and Sujanpur Local of sub-tropical India. When pooled, the mathematical constants worked out were 8.1132, 10.1019 and 0.5992 for multiplication with leaf length, breadth and l ${\times}$ b, respectively, for genotypes bearing un-lobbed leaves and 6.9447, 8.2761 and 0.5009 for multiplication with leaf length, breadth and l ${\times}$ b, respectively for genotypes bearing lobbed leaves. Leaf area can be worked out by using any constant by multiplying either with leaf length or breadth or both (l ${\times}$ b). Estimated leaf areas worked out were found significantly and positively correlated with actual leaf area (r＝999$^{＊＊}$). The suggested present non-destructive method by using mathematical constants is very quick and alternative to electronic leaf area meter for spot leaf area determination in mulberry which is the only food source for mulberry silkworm in sericulture industry.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

Due to recent scientific innovations in mulberry cultivation, leaf yield has been increased manifold. However, with successive leaf harvest, a quantum drop in leaf yield and quality has been noted. This inturn has affected the silkworm rearing and farmers suffered by the frequent crop failures. This is mainly due to nutrient deficiencies in mulberry leaf. Moreover, no complete information is available about hunger signs of nutritional disorders, analytical diagnosis and critical levels of nutrients required. The present paper, thus, may serve as an important nutrient guide for identification of hunger signs, leaf nutrients status under deficiency and critical levels of the elements namely N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn requirements for higher leaf yield and quality. The leaf nutrient status provided may help chemist for correcting the soil status. Besides, an integration of mulberry intercropping with legumes and applications of neem and castor oil cakes, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation, biofertilizer and vermicompost are suggested as integrated nutrient management for sustainable sericulture industry. Based on the information described in this paper, a model needs to be framed for maintaining continuous supply of nutrients to obtain desired quantity and quality of mulberry leaf for successful silkworm cocoon crop and increasing overall silk productivity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.380-385
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• 2005

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry leaf powder supplementation on lead (Pb) status and mineral (Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn) content in Pb-administered rats for 4 weeks. Thirty two male rats were divided into 4 groups: a control, Pb, Pb5M (500 ppm $Pb + 5\%$ mulberry leaf powder), and Pb10M (500 ppm $Pb + 10\%$ mulberry leaf powder). There were no significant differences in food intake and initial body weight among groups. Mulberry leaf powder treatments showed significant decreases in food efficiency ratio and body weight gain. But FER of $Pb5M\%$ and Pb10M were significantly increases than that of Pb group. The levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatinine were decreased by mulberry leaf powder treatment. Minerals content of liver and kidney were significantly decreased in the Pb groups than that of control group. Whereas, fecal minerals content were significantly increased in the Pb5M and Pb10M than those of control group. Pb content of serum, liver and kidney was significantly increased in the Pb group than those of control group. However, by mulberry leaf powder administration (Pb5M and Pb10M), Pb level of serum, liver and kidney were lowered than that of Pb group. And fecal Pb excretion was significantly increased in the Pb5M and Pb10M than that of Pb group. These results showed mulberry leaves were effective for lowing Pb accumulation in serum, organs, which may have potential to prevent Pb toxicity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.252-255
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• 2001

뽕잎 분말이 1, 10%가 되도록 사료에 첨가시켜 4주동안 SD 흰쥐에게 급여한 후 이들의 대장 내용물로부터 총균수와 주요장내미생물의 생균수를 배지를 이용하여 혐기배양한 후 측정한 결과 총균수는 뽕잎 투여군에서 대조군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 유해균으로 분류할 수 있는 Clostridium은 대조군보다 뽕잎투여군에서 유의성있게 감소하였고, E. coli와 Staphylococcus도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 뽕잎 메탄올 추출물과 분획물들의 미생물의 생장억제효과를 측정한 결과, 헥산분획과 물분획물이 Clostridium perfringens에 대하여 억제효과를 보였다. 장내균총의 개선 측면에서 뽕잎은 기능성 식품소재로서의 이용가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

본 연구는 뽕잎을 이용한 고부가가치의 기능성식품의 제조에 적합한 뽕잎 품종을 선별하고자 품종별(YK-209, Cheong il, Yongchon and Kaeryang), 산지별(영천 및 상주), 부위별(상위, 중위 및 하위엽) 및 생육시기별(5월, 6월 및 8월)에 따른 뽕잎의 기능성 지표물질인 DNJ, GABA및 flavonoid의 함량을 HPLC로 정량하였다. 4가지 뽕잎 중 YK-209 뽕잎의 기 능성 물질 (DNJ, GABA 및 flavonoid) 함량이 가장 높았다. 그리고 YK-209 뽕잎으로부터 분리된 4가지 flavonoid 중 rutin 함량이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 isoquercitrin>kaempferol-3-Ο-rutinoside＞astragalin 순으로 나타났으나 그 외 3가지 뽕잎에서는isoquercitrin의 함량이 가장 높았고 그 다음으로 rutin이 차지 하였으나 품종별, 산지별, 부위별 및 성장시기별에 따라 flavonoid구성성분의 함량이 다소 차이가 있었다. 영천지역에서 수확한 YK-209뽕잎의 3가지 기능성물질의 함량이 상주에서 수확한 뽕잎보다 그 함량이 높았다. 한편, YK-209 뽕잎의 부위 중 상위엽이 중위 및 하위엽보다 3가지 기능성물질의 함량이 높았다. 끝으로YK-209뽕잎의 성장시기 중 5월에 수확한 것이 6월 및 8월에 수확한 뽕잎보다 기능성물질의 함량이 높았다. 이러한 연구결과를 미루어 볼 때 3가지 기능성 성분함량이 높은 YK-209 뽕잎(용천뽕과 개량뽕을 교배하여 얻은 것)의 5월산 상위엽을 향후 뽕잎의 이용한 기능성식품의 제조용 원료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2003

Specific leaf weight (SLW), defined as the mass of tissue per unit leaf area has been found to be an important physiological parameter as it indicates the relative thickness of leaves. Greater SLW provides more photosynthetic potential per unit area of leaf and hence it is frequently been considered as correlated with photosynthesis in several plant species. Collections of 165 mulberry (Morus sp.) germplasm accessions, both Indian and exotic in origin were evaluated for their variability with respect to SLW. The mean specific leaf weight ranged from 35.3 to $72.3 g/m^{-2}$. The distribution of SLW was found to be normal. High heritability (97.08%) and a small difference between genotypic and phenotypic variance demonstrates the genetic control over SLW. Significant heterotic effect with respect to SLW was observed in crosses when parents with high and low SLW were chosen.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2016

In this study, we determined the effect of the mulberry leaf powder on blood lipid metabolism and liver function improvement of mice fed a high fat diet. The mulberry leaf showed a moisture content of $10.74{\pm}0.56%$, ash $9.67{\pm}0.56%$, crude protein $25.24{\pm}1.02%$, and crude fat $2.66{\pm}0.08%$. In the group with high fat diet supplemented with mulberry leaf powder, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower (p<0.05); also, serum phospholipid and aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels were significantly lower (p<0.05). Serum insulin and leptin levels were high in mice fed a high fat diet; however, addition of mulberry leaf powder 10% in the diet had no significant effect on blood insulin and leptin control. The results of the study suggested that various plant sterols in mulberry leaf improve lipid metabolism and liver function in ICR-mice.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

Twenty - four elite mulberry germplasm each of indigenous and exotics were studied for their leaf yield and compared with commercial check ($V_1$ and Kosen). Accession MI-0416 and ME-0169 out yielded the check accession in leaf yield/plant. The other few mulberry germplasm were also performed at par with the checks. For quality test and bioassay were conducted with the leaves of selected mulberry germplasm. Among the selected twelve mulberry accessions used for bioassay, MI-0376 and ME-033 performed better than check ($V_1$, Kosen). Other mulberry accessions i.e., MI-0310 and MI-0437 are on par with the check as far as the bioassay is concerned. MI-0376 and ME-0033 out yielded in rearing parameters and qualified for 11 and 10 rearing and related traits. Other mulberry accessions i.e., MI-0310 and MI-0437 were also qualified for eight rearing traits along with check ($V_1$). The mulberry accessions tested after selection from the preliminary characterization seems to be better and equally good in rearing and leaf yield compared to check ($V_1$, Kosen), which provides scope for selection and further evaluation. The selected mulberry accession may be included in crop improvement programme.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2009

뽕잎추출액을 첨가한 발효유의 이화학적 특성을 분석한 결과, pH는 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 뽕잎추출액 첨가군의 pH가 낮아졌으며, 산도는 발효유의 뽕잎추출액 첨가 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 생균수는 뽕잎추출액 0.5% 첨가군의 생균수가 가장 많았고, 뽕잎추출액의 첨가량에 따라 무지유고형분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 증가하였으며, 수분과 lactose 함량은 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 무기질함량에서는 칼슘, 마그네슘, 칼륨 함량이 뽕잎추출액 첨가군에서 유의하게(p<0.05) 증가하였고, 색도는 발효유의 뽕잎추출액 함량이 높을수록 L값과 a값은 낮았으며 b값은 증가되었다. 관능검사에서 색은 뽕잎추출액 1.0% 첨가군에서 가장 높았으며, 향미는 뽕잎추출액 0.5% 첨가군이 가장 높았고, 맛과 질감은 뽕잎추출액 1.0% 첨가군이 가장 높아 전체적인 기호도에서 뽕잎추출액 1.0% 첨가군이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 뽕잎추출액을 첨가한 발효유의 이화학적 특성과 관능적 특성을 분석한 결과 뽕잎추출액 1%를 첨가한 발효유가 가장 적합하였다.