• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.423-436
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• 2000

The lithofacies, biofacies, and paleosol development of the Jindong Formation, the Geoncheonri Formation, and the lacustrine deposits of Mt. Hwangryeong at Pusan, which occur in the southeastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin, were analyzed in comparative sedimentology and in stratigraphy. The common features of these lacustrine deposits are: 1) clastic deposits are prevailing, 2) deltaic deposits are not associated, 3) mudflat deposits are common, and 4) stromatolites are absent. The distinct differences among these deposits are: 1) in the Jindong Formation, the mudflat deposits are predominant, pedogenic calcretes are commonly present, and dinosaur tracks frequently occur, compared with other two lacustrine deposits, and 2) in the Geoncheonri Formation, invertebrate fossils are relatively common and storm deposits are not recognized, compared with other deposits, and 3) evaporite mineral casts and tuffaceous turbidite deposits are common in the Mt. Hwangryeong lacustrine deposits. In stratigraphy, the Geoncheonri Formation is correlated with the lower part of the Jindong Formation, and the Mt. Hwangryeong lacutsrine deposits are deemed to overlie the Jindong Formation. On the basis of comparative sedimentology and stratigraphic relationship among these lacustrine deposits, general paleoenvironements of the southeastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin from the late Hayang time to the early Yucheon time are interpreted as follows. During the late Hayang time, tectonic and volcanic activities were generally inacitive in the Gyeongsang Basin, and lacustrine environments expanded since the paleoclimatic condition became less arid compared with the middle Hayang time. In general, however, paleoclimate during the late Hayang time was still arid, and wetting and drying periods were alternated. The occasional occurrences of severe droughts were also characteristic of the late Hayang time. Mudflats existed in wide area in the southeastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin during the late Hayang time, and sedimentation rate was accordingly low. The sedimentation rate became relatively high during the latest Hayang time and the early Yucheon time since tectonic and volcanic activities had been active. Generally arid climate continued for the early Yucheon time, enough for evaporite minerals to precipate occasionally.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the process of formation of modern gardens. Based on the analysis of the process of formation and transformation of the Jemulpo in Incheon and the details of the modern garden construction. The results are as follows; First, the formation of the Incheon Residence Site began in 1876 with the signing of the Joseon-Japan Treaty. Jemulpo used to be a desolate fishing village in the past, but after its opening in 1881, the Japanese settlement, Chinese settlement, and the general foreign settlement were formed. After that, Japan reclaimed the southern mudflats and expanded the theire settlement area, and advanced to the Joseon area(currently Sinheung-dong). In Japanese colonial era, modern Japanese urban landscapes were transplanted into the settlement area, centering on the Japanese modern gardens were distributed in the area around the center of the settlement area. Second, after examining the process of creating the garden for the Rikidake villa, Japanese Rikidake purchased a site for an orchard in Uri-tang, who was a major landowner in Incheon, to create the garden. At the time of Rikidake's residence, the garden was very large, measuring about 3,000 pyeong, and after liberation, it was acquired by Incheon City and used as Yulmok Children's Library. It was known as a rich village at the time of the opening of the port, and a garden was located at the highest point in Yulmok-dong, making it easy to see the Incheon Port area. Also, a spot located about 300 meters away from Rikidake's rice mill may have affected the location selection. Third, today's Rikidake villa has a Japanese-style house on a trapezoidal site, with a garden of about 990 square meters on the south side. Currently, it is possible to enter from the south and from Yulmok Children's Park in the north, but in the past, the main direction of the house was to view the Incheon Port, settlement area, and the Rikidake Rice Mill, so the house was located in front of the garden. The garden is a multi-faceted style with stone lanterns, tombstones, garden stones, and trees placed on each side, and is surrounded by arboreal plants such as attention, strobe pine, and maple trees, as well as royal azaleas. The view from the inside of the house was secured through shrub-oriented vegetation around the house.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.311-324
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• 2021

Recently, ten geosites have been considered in Hwaseong for endorsement as national geoparks, including the Jebudo, Gojeongri Dinosaur Egg Fossils, and Ueumdo geosites. The Jebudo geosite in the southern part of the Seoul metropolitan area has great potential for development as a new geoscience educational site because it has geological, geographical (landscape), and ecological significance. In this study, we described the geological characteristics through field surveys in the Jebudo geosite. We evaluated its potential as a geo-education site based on comparative analysis with other geosites in Hwaseong Geopark. In addition, we reviewed the practical effect of field education at geosites on the essential concepts and critical competence-oriented education emphasized in the current 2015 revised science curriculum. The Jebudo Geosite is geologically diverse, with various metamorphic rocks belonging to the Precambrian Seosan Group, such as quartzite, schist, and phyllite. Various geological structures, such as clastic dikes, faults, joints, foliation, and schistosity have also been recorded. Moreover, coastal geological features have been observed, including depositional landforms (gravel and sand beaches, dunes, and mudflats), sedimentary structures (ripples), erosional landforms (sea cliffs, sea caves, and sea stacks), and sea parting. The Jebudo geosite has considerable value as a new geo-education site with geological and geomorphological distinction from the Gojeongri Dinosaur Egg Fossils and Ueumdo geosites. The Jebudo geosite also has opportunities for geo-education and geo-tourism, such as mudflat experiences and infrastructures, such as coastal trails and viewing points. This geosite can help develop diverse geo-education programs that improve key competencies in the science curriculum, such as critical thinking, inquiry, and problem-solving. Furthermore, by conducting optimized geo-education focused on the characteristics of each geosite, the following can be established: (1) the expansion of learning space from school to geopark, (2) the improvement of understanding of specific content elements and linkage between essential concepts, and (3) the extension of the education scope throughout the earth system. There will be positive impacts on communication, participation, and lifelong learning skills through geopark education.