• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.165-178
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of GaMiHyangSaYukGunJaTang on gastric mucosal lesions caused by indomethacin in rats.The test group was injected with indomethacin after the oral administration of GaMiHyangSaYukGunJaTang, while the control group was injected only with indomethacin. The lipid peroxidation level increased considerably in the control group, but superoxide disnurtase(SOD), catalase and glutathione(GSH) levels remarkably decreased. The following effects induced by indomethacin were observed in the stomach of the control group; mucosa hemoIThagic infarct, mucosa cell necrosis, leukocyte appearance, mucosa hemorrhagic erosion and gastric pit disawearance. In the test group, lipid peroxides level was significantly reduced compared with the control group While SOD, catalase and GSH levels considerably increased. The following effects were also observed in the stomach of the test group; mucosa hemorrhagic infarct, mucosa cell necrosis, leukocyte appearance and mucosa hemorrhagic erosion occured far less and gastric pit disappearance was not observed at all. This results suggest that GaMiHyangSaYukGunJaTang is effective in the remedy of gastric mucosal lesions as GaMiHyangSaYukGunJaTang suppresses the production of the lipid peroxides and free radicals induced by indomethacin and activates SOD, catalase and GSH.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.573-580
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• 2004

The Palatal masticatory mucosa was widely used as a donor site in periodontal and implant surgery. but there were relatively few studies investigating the thickness of the palatal mucosa in dentate subjects. The purpose of this study was to study the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in korean subjects by direct clinical technique. Forty systemically and periodontally healthy subjects(20 males:20 females) participated in this study. A bone sounding method using a periodontal probe with minimal anesthesia and a prepared clear acrylic stent was utilized to assess the thickness of palatal mucosa at 24 measurement points defined according to the gingival margin and mid palatal suture. The results are as follows; 1. Mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa was $3.5{\pm}0.4mm$. and no gender differences were identified in the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa. 2. The thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa increased from canine to second molar area(with the exception of the first molar area). canine and first molar areas were significantly thinner than other areas(P<0.05). 3. The thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa significantly increased in the sites farther from the gingival margin towarding the mid-palate(P<0.05). The results suggest that within the limits of the present study, premolar area appears to be the most appropriate donor site for soft tissue grafting procedures.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the risk factors for oral mucosa pressure ulcer development in intubated patients in adult intensive care unit. Methods: Comparative descriptive study design using prospective observational design and medical record review was used. The inclusion criteria of case was that a) patients of 18 years in their age, b) patients with endotracheal tube. Data of 34 patients were analysed. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-whitney test, Spearman's rho correlation coefficients, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used. Resampling methods such as bootstrap was used in this study because of small number of patients. Results: Oral mucosa pressure ulcer developed in 44.1% of the intubated patients. The risk factors of oral mucosa pressure ulcer were steroid use, biteblock use and serum albumin level. Compared to the non-user of steroid, user of steroid had 32.59 times (95% CI: 1.47-722.44) higher risk of developing oral mucosa pressure ulcer. The user of biteblock had 18.78 times (95% CI: 1.00-354.40) and albumin level had 0.03 times (95% CI: 0.00-0.80) higher risk of oral mucosa pressure ulcer incidence. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, tailored pressure relief strategies considering sex and therapeutic condition should be provided to decrease oral mucosa pressure ulcer.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.500-514
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to observe the tissue response in applying staples and various suture materials to both scalp and buccal mucosa in rabbits. 18 rabbits were divided into 6 groups. The incised wounds of both scalp and buccal mucosa were sutured with staples, polyglactin 910, chromic catgut, mer silk and nylon. The experimental animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 days posto peratively 3 animals at one time. The tissue was stained with Hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's Trichrom. In light microscopic examinations, the sutured sites were examined histologi cally according to 6 degrees about inflammation and collagen deposit. The results were obtained as follows, 1. The chromic catgut, an absorbable suture material, was absorbed by 7 days, whereas polyglactin 910 and mersilk began to get absorbed after 7 days. 2. Mersilk manifested a broad range of inflammation in the scalp, and both staple and nylon showed a severe inflammatory reaction in the buccal mucosa. 3. With polyglactin 910, both tissue samples showed only minor foreign body reaction, however in the scalp, the process of fibrosis took place compara tively slowly, whereas in the buccal mucosa, it occurred promptly and manifested active fibrosis by 7 days. 4. Mersilk showed widespread a matrix formation in both scalp and buccal mucosa, and showed the most severe inflammatory reaction by 3 days, which did not seem to decrease even after 7 days. 5. Both staple and nylon showed relatively a severe inflammatory reaction, however fibrosis took place rather promptly compared to the other groups. 6. Generally, in the buccal mucosa fibrosis occurred more promptly than in the scalp in both control and experimental groups. 7. Retention of the suture material and stability of the knot were the best with the staple, and better stability was manifested by the multi-stranded poly glactin 910 and mersilk than singlestranded chromic catgut and nylon. From above results, in the buccal mucosa absorbable suture materials especially polyglactin 910 showed better response in the aspect of inflammatory reaction, while in the scalp monofilament suture materials such as staple and nylon manifested a early fibrosis and collagen formation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8487-8490
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• 2016

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection and premalignant gastric mucosa can be reliably identified using conventional narrow band imaging (C-NBI) gastroscopy. The aim of our study was to compare standard biopsy with site specific biopsy for diagnosis of H. pylori infection and premalignant gastric mucosa in daily clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Of a total of 500 patients who underwent gastroscopy for investigation of dyspeptic symptoms, 250 patients underwent site specific biopsy using C-NBI (Group 1) and 250 standard biopsy (Group 2). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were assessed. The efficacy of detecting H. pylori associated gastritis and premalignant gastric mucosa according to the updated Sydney classification was also compared. Results: In group 1 the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for predicting H. pylori positivity were 95.4%, 97.3%, 98.8% and 90.0% respectively, compared to 92.9%, 88.6%, 83.2% and 76.1% in group 2. Site specific biopsy was more effective than standard biopsy in terms of both H. pylori infection status and premalignant gastric mucosa detection (P<0.01). Conclusions: Site specific biopsy using C-NBI can improve detection of H. pylori infection and premalignant gastric mucosa in daily clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2007

Backgrounds: To overcome limited amount of autogenous mucosa for the reconstruction of various mucosal defect including oral mucosal defect, tissue engineered mucosa has been recently introduced. However, introduced conventional technique of tissue engineered mucosa still have serious pitfalls such as long fabrication time, fragility of the reconstructed mucosa, and complexity of the technique. Aim of the study: To examine whether the complex of preconfluent autologous keratinocytes and autologous PRP(Platelet rich plasma) can reconstruct oral mucosa on the muscular flap with easier and faster way compared to conventional mucosal tissue engineering technique. Materials and methods: One day before the operation, oral mucosa(3mm in diameter) were taken and treated for extraction of oral keratinocytes according to the routine manner. The day of operation, oral keratinocytes were prepared in the laboratory and then moved to the operating theater. Autologous PRP was also prepared and then mixed with oral keratinocytes just before grafting on the prepared muscular flap. After keratinocyte-PRP complex was seated, then a sterilized rubber sheet was placed on the graft and the elevated skin flap was replaced and sutured. Biopsies were proceeded at 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days. Tissue samples were evaluated clinically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. Results: All of the oral keratinocyte-PRP complexes were successfully grafted on the recipient sites(100%). On 3 days after the operation, 1-2 continuous epithelial layer and many inflammatory cells were observed. On 5 days after the operation, increase of layers of keratinocyte was observed with less inflammatory response. Thickness of the layers was gradually increased from 7 to 21 days after the operation. Cytokeratin confirms epithelium in every specimen. Conclusions: Preconfluent graft of autogenous oral keratinocytes mixed with autogenous PRP have successfully reconstructed myo-mucosal flap. This technique could be a useful alternative for oral mucosal reconstruction in the near future.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.187-197
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of peri-implant soft tissue and bone thickness on the early dimensional change of peri-implant soft tissue. Seventy-seven non-submerged implants of 39 patients which had been loaded more than 6 months were selected for the study. Following clinical parameters were measured; bucco-lingual bone width of the alveolar bone for implant placement before implant surgery; distance between implant shoulder and the first bone/implant contact at the surgery; presence of plaque, probing depth, bleeding on probing, width of keratinized mucosa, mucosa thickness, distance between implant shoulder and peri-implant mucosa, crown margin location at follow-up examination. The results showed that distance between implant shoulder and peri-implant mucosa (DIM) was correlated with probing depth and width of keratinized mucosa (p < 0.05). In addition, mucosa thickness was also correlated with probing depth (p<0.05). However, the bone width of alveolar bone and soft tissue thickness were not found to be correlated with DIM. It is important to understand the meaning of peri-implant tissue dimension in relation to dimensional changes of peri-implant soft tissue which designates appearance of implant-supported restorations. Future study is needed to elucidate the significance of the buccal bone thickness and soft tissue thickness with respect to the change of peri-implant soft tissue margin with the use of an instrument capable of measuring buccal bone thickness directly.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 2009

There are a number of situations where the oral mucosa can be sucked or pressed to produce relatively banal but clinical distinctive changes. The labial and buccal mucosa and tongue may develop protuberances in areas where a tooth is missing or extra space is present. The mucosa is pressed and sucked into these spaces, thus leading to the development of a fibrous hyperplasia. This case report describes the management of fibrous hyperplasia in oral mucosa. Fibrous hyperplasia can be formed by habitual pressure or suction in oral mucosa. Treatment of fibrous hyperplasia consists of simple excision and, if feasible, elimination of the cause. And habit control is a important factor for preventing recurrence.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.424-424
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• 1989

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.519-531
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• 2003

The aim of present investigation was to clinically measure the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in the hard palate as potential donor site for mucogingival surgery, to determine the relation to shape of palatal vault, form of tooth, gender, and to serve the clinical criteria t o choose the proper surgical technique. 84(mean age:25yrs) systemically and periodontally healthy volunteers participated in this study and 18 standard measurement points were defined in the hard palate, located on 3 lies which ran at different distances parallel to the gingival margin. 6 positions were designated on each of these 3 lines between the level of canine and 2nd molar and a bone sounding technique using a periodontal probe with minimal local anesthesia was utilized to assess the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa. Student t-test was used to determine the difference in mucosal thickness between 2 groups gender, shape of palatal vault (high palatal vault vs. low palatal vault), tooth form (short-wide vs. long narrow) The result of this study were as follows: 1. Soft tissue thickness progressively increased in sites further away from the gingival margin (p<0.01). 2. Depending on position, in line a and line c the masticatory mucosal thickness increased from Ca to M2(p<0.01), but in line b the thickness increased from Ca to P2, and decreased to M1 and increased again to M2. 3. Gender did not influence the thickness of masticatory mucosa. 4. Palatal vault shape was associated with the thickness of masticatory mucosa. Thickness of low palatal vault group was thicker than high palatal group between P2 and M2 position. 5. Form of tooth did not influence the thickness of masticatory mucosa. In conclusion, palatal vault shape was associated with the thickness of masticatory mucosa. So, mucogingival surgery can be considered as a treatment modality in high palatal vault group. But, Gender and tooth form did not influence the thickness of masticatory mucosa.